1、2011 年北京外国语大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、短文改错(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The science of architecture, followed out in its full【M1】_extent, is one of the noblest of that which have reference【M2】_only to the creations of human mind. It is not merely a science of the rule and compass, it does not con
2、sist only in the observation of just rule, or of fair proportion: it was, 【M3】_or ought to be, a science of feeling more than of rule, a ministry to the mind, than to the eye. If we consider how【M4】_much less the beauty and majesty of a building depend【M5】_its pleasing certain prejudices of the eye,
3、 than upon its rousing certain trains of meditation in the mind, it will show in a moment how much intricate questions of feeling【M6】_are involved in the raising of an edifice; it will convince us of the truth of a proposition, which might at last have【M7】_appeared startling, that no man can be an a
4、rchitect, who is not a metaphysician. With the illustration of the department of this noble【M8】_science which may be designated the Poetry of Architecture, this and some future articles will be dedicated. It is this peculiarity of the art which constitutes its nationality; and it will be found as in
5、teresting as it is useful, to trace in the distinctive characters of the architecture of nations, not only its adaptation in the situation and climate in which【M9】_it has arisen, but its strong similarity to, and connection to, the prevailing turn of mind by which the nation who【M10】_first employed
6、it is distinguished.（分数：20.00）(1).【M1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【M2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【M3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【M4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【M5】（分数：2.00）_(6).【M6】（分数：2.00）_(7).【M7】（分数：2.00）_(8).【M8】（分数：2.00）_(9).【M9】（分数：2.00）_(10).【M10】（分数：2.00）_二、阅读理解(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Reflections on Gandhi Saints should always be judged guilty until
7、they are proved innocent, but the tests that have to be applied to them are not, of course, the same in all cases. In Gandhi“s case the questions one feels inclined to ask are; to what extent was Gandhi moved by vanityby the consciousness of himself as a humble, naked old man, sitting on a praying m
8、at and shaking empires by sheer spiritual powerand to what extent did he compromise his own principles by entering politics, which of their nature are inseparable from coercion and fraud? To give a definite answer one would have to study Gandhi“s acts and writings in immense detail, for his whole li
9、fe was a sort of pilgrimage in which every act was significant. But this partial autobiography, which ends in the nineteen-twenties, is strong evidence in his favor, all the more because it covers what he would have called the unregenerate part of his life and reminds one that inside the saint, or n
10、ear-saint, there was a very shrewd, able person who could, if he had chosen, have been a brilliant success as a lawyer, an administrator or perhaps even a businessman. At about the time when the autobiography first appeared I remember reading its opening chapters in the ill-printed pages of some Ind
11、ian newspaper. They made a good impression on me, which Gandhi himself at that time did not. The things that one associated with himhome-spun cloth, “ soul forces“ and vegetarianismwere unappealing, and his medievalist program was obviously not viable in a backward, starving, over-populated country.
12、 It was also apparent that the British were making use of him, or thought they were making use of him. Strictly speaking, as a Nationalist, he was an enemy, but since in every crisis he would exert himself to prevent violencewhich, from the British point of view, meant preventing any effective actio
13、n whateverhe could be regarded as “our man. “ In private this was sometimes cynically admitted. The attitude of the Indian millionaires was similar. Gandhi called upon them to repent, and naturally they preferred him to the Socialists and Communists who, given the chance, would actually have taken t
14、heir money away. How reliable such calculations are in the long run is doubtful; as Gandhi himself says, “ in the end deceivers deceive only themselves“ ; but at any rate the gentleness with which he was nearly always handled was due partly to the feeling that he was useful. The British Conservative
15、s only became really angry with him when, as in 1942, he was in effect turning his non-violence against a different conqueror. But I could see even then that the British officials who spoke of him with a mixture of amusement and disapproval also genuinely liked and admired him, after a fashion. Nobo
16、dy ever suggested that he was corrupt, or ambitious in any vulgar way, or that anything he did was actuated by fear or malice. In judging a man like Gandhi one seems instinctively to apply high standards, so that some of his virtues have passed almost unnoticed. For instance, it is clear even from t
17、he autobiography that his natural physical courage was quite outstanding: the manner of his death was a later illustration of this, for a public man who attached any value to his own skin would have been more adequately guarded. Again, he seems to have been quite free from that maniacal suspiciousne
18、ss which, as E. M. Forster rightly says in A Passage to India, is the besetting Indian vice, as hypocrisy is the British vice. Although no doubt he was shrewd enough in detecting dishonesty, he seems wherever possible to have believed that other people were acting in good faith and had a better natu
19、re through which they could be approached. And though he came of a poor middle-class family, started life rather unfavorably, and was probably of unimpressive physical appearance, he was not afflicted by envy or by the feeling of inferiority. Color feeling when he first met it in its worst form in S
20、outh Africa, seems rather to have astonished him. Even when he was fighting what was in effect a color war, he did not think of people in terms of race or status. The governor of a province, a cotton millionaire, a half-starved Dravidian coolie, a British private soldier were all equally human being
21、s, to be approached in much the same way. It is noticeable that even in the worst possible circumstances, as in South Africa when he was making himself unpopular as the champion of the Indian community, he did not lack European friends. Written in short lengths for newspaper serialization, the autob
22、iography is not a literary masterpiece, but it is the more impressive because of the commonplaceness of much of its material. It is well to be reminded that Gandhi started out with the normal ambitions of a young Indian student and only adopted his extremist opinions by degrees and, in some cases, r
23、ather unwillingly. His first entry into anything describable as public life was made by way of vegetarianism. Underneath his less ordinary qualities one feels all the time the solid middle-class businessmen who were his ancestors. One feels that even after he had abandoned personal ambition he must
24、have been a resourceful, energetic lawyer and a hard-headed political organizer, careful in keeping down expenses, an adroit handler of committees and an indefatigable chaser of subscriptions. His character was an extraordinarily mixed one, but there was almost nothing in it that you can put your fi
25、nger on and call bad, and I believe that even Gandhi“s worst enemies would admit that he was an interesting and unusual man who enriched the world simply by being alive. Whether he was also a lovable man, and whether his teachings can have much for those who do not accept the religious beliefs on wh
26、ich they are founded, I have never felt fully certain.（分数：10.00）(1).A testing criterion for Gandhi“s sainthood, according to Paragraph 1 , is to see if_.（分数：2.00）A.his major initiative for politics is monetary rewardB.his vanity is based on spiritual principlesC.coercion and fraud is related to his
27、political compromiseD.his principles are overridden by his political needs(2).The author obviously thinks that Gandhi“s autobiography_.（分数：2.00）A.tells the truth about the BritishB.excludes facts about his early lifeC.alters usual understanding of his personalityD.presents him as a complete saint(3)
28、.The British liked Gandhi because_.（分数：2.00）A.he prevented effective action in every crisisB.he incited action against India“s rich middle-classC.he cheated the British as well as his countrymenD.he lent himself for use by the British colonists(4).What is E. M. Forster“s view?（分数：2.00）A.The Indians
29、were defeated by British hypocrisy.B.Gandhi generally believed people“s good faith.C.India“s politics was affected by inferiority complex.D.The Indians were extraordinarily suspicious.(5).Which of the following does NOT describe Gandhi?（分数：2.00）A.Extraordinary physical courage.B.Abundant good faith.
30、C.Little feeling of inferiority.D.Strong senses of color feeling.The New Generation Since his first appearance 13 years ago, Harry Potter Has loomed over a generation. In 1997, he was 11 years oldand so were legions of his devotees. The boy wizard, whose final adventures hit the screen next week in
31、Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1, is still a teenager, but is there a sense in which his fans, now 24, are also finding it hard to grow up? With many young adults still living at home or remaining in education, sociologists have argued that the age of maturity is changing fast; that the
32、current crop of twentysomethings is stuck. Any attempt to define a generation will fail. But how much do we know about the people who made Harry Potter a superstar? Are they the iiber-confident, sex-savvy go-getters of advertising fantasy, or a cuckoo generation destined to remain in the family nest
33、, devoid of career prospects or financial stability, sold out by the grownups who frittered away their future? We can surely take it for granted that this group of people are more technologically literate and enthusiastic than any that has preceded them; recent data from the Office for National Stat
34、istics suggests that only 1 per cent of 16-to 24-year-olds has never accessed the Internet. But it“s also common sense to assume that, while young people might revel in how easy it is to communicate with one another, they are likely to feel less confident in the current economic climate about their
35、ability to access and afford education, to enter the job market, to get a foothold on the property ladder and to rely on the State to provide a safety net in times of trouble. In short, young people are both more connected and more alone than ever. On one side they are awash in a sea of celebrity cu
36、lture, in which young people such as Wayne Rooney can be materially rewarded beyond anybody“s wildest dreams for the possession of a single skill, and the less gifted are briefly lauded on a television talent show before a long descent into obscurity. On the other, economic, environmental and geopol
37、itical convulsions creajte a sense of collective catastrophe that seems to deflate the very idea of individual aspiration. So how does that make them feel? Mel Smith, who works for the Youth Support Service as part of the Transition to Adulthood(T2 A)Alliance, which was established to provide suppor
38、t for young adults in the criminal justice system, explains how some of the people she works with find that their age makes them even more vulnerable. “ It“s a very difficult time, the very early twenties, because of the way that a lot of the support is set up, “ she says. “ As they reach age milest
39、ones, they move from youth to adult services; they may find themselves moved to a different service just because they“ve had a birthday. “ When Thomas Viney, a 27-year-old graduate living in London, read a lengthy article in The New York Times arguing that the delayed adulthood experienced by many t
40、wentysomethings constituted a new developmental life stage, he felt the need to respond. He wrote that by the time his parents were his age, they had established a household, had children, got proper jobs, started savings schemes and pension plans and, more generally, had learnt to look after themse
41、lves. By contrast, he had amassed little of any tangible value and his life, punctuated by amusing but random interactions with his mates, seemed more defined by aimlessness than purpose. When a girlfriend said she thought she was pregnant(she wasn“t), the cold wave of responsibility was enough to s
42、weep him completely off his feet. Viney believes that his experience is not simply a typical twentysomething scenario but indicative of a far more damaging malaise. “A lot of people in my generation, “ he tells me, “were brought up to think that they were very special and that they had something to
43、contribute to the worldnot through hard work, but through the arts. I think we“re lost; that we no longer think it“s OK to knuckle down and apply ourselves, because that isn“t the life that we were promised. “ His upbringing was middle class, rather than wealthy, but he feels that it took place agai
44、nst the backdrop of what he calls a time of “biblical“ plenty and abundance. He also says that his generation has been “encouraged to enjoy ourselves“ , that there“s something wrong with you if you don“t and that there will be few consequences to a life of hedonism. As a result, he and his friends,
45、with a couple of exceptions, have barely a serious job or stable domestic environment among them. Viney himself, though, is taking a few tentative steps towards serious adulthood, working in publishing and writing in his spare time. What he has learnt, he says, is that for all that his parents had t
46、o sacrifice, they gained far more than they lost. Facebook, as everyone but a Martian knows, was founded by a bunch of precocious youths. Apart from all the online games, groups, jokes and pokes, probably the most recognisable feature of Facebook is the “status update“. But what might the status update of this disparate bunch be? How would they encapsulate all the exuberance, anxiety, yearning and joyfulness that being twentysomething brings? Perhaps something like: “Status pending. Update to follow. Don“t wait up. “（分数：10.00）(1).W
