1、2012 年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：116.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1._has been widely accepted as the father of modern linguistics.（分数：2.00）A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.BloomfieldD.Halliday2.A language user“s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic_.（分数：2.00）A.compr
2、ehensionB.performanceC.perceptionD.competence3.“I can refer to Confucius or the North Pole, even though the first has been dead over 2,550 years and the second is situated far away from us. “ This shows that language has the design feature of_.（分数：2.00）A.displacementB.creativityC.dualityD.arbitrarin
3、ess4.The distinction between competence and performance was put forward by _.（分数：2.00）A.BloomfieldB.SaussureC.ChomskyD.Halliday5.Which of the following terms is not a concept in Psycholinguistics?（分数：2.00）A.Processing utterances.B.Producing utterances.C.Language acquisition.D.Componential analysis.6
4、.The study of sounds is divided into three main areas, each dealing with one part of the process. _ is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.（分数：2.00）A.Articulatory phoneticsB.Auditory phoneticsC.Phonological processD.Acoustic phonetics7.Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.
5、Larynx is what we sometimes call “Adam“s apple“.B.The International Phonetic Alphabet uses narrow transcription.C.There are two nasal consonants in English.D.It is sounds by which we make communicative meaning.8._ are a set of vowel qualities arbitrarily defined, fixed and unchanging, intended to pr
6、ovide a frame of reference for the description of the actual vowels of existing languages.（分数：2.00）A.DiphthongsB.Pure VowelsC.Cardinal VowelsD.Vowel Glides9.The sounds, which are produced by a closure in the vocal tract or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing au
7、dible friction, are known as_.（分数：2.00）A.consonantsB.places of articulationC.vowelsD.manners of articulation10.Which of the following is the correct description of the English consonantz?（分数：2.00）A.Voiceless alveolar affricate.B.Voiceless bilabial nasal.C.Voiced alveolar stop.D.Voiced alveolar frica
8、tive.11.Which is the correct description of the English voweli:?（分数：2.00）A.High front tense unrounded vowel.B.High back lax rounded vowel.C.Mid central lax unrounded vowel.D.Low back lax rounded vowel.12.The word _ simply refers to a “unit of explicit sound contrast“ : the existence of a minimal pai
9、r automatically grants phonemic status to the sounds responsible for the contrasts.（分数：2.00）A.allophoneB.phonemeC.soundD.syllable13._ is the smallest unit of language in regard to the relationship between sounding and meaning, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroyi
10、ng or drastically altering the meaning.（分数：2.00）A.AllomorphB.WordC.MorphemeD.Root14._is the collective term for the type of morpheme that can be used only when added to another morpheme.（分数：2.00）A.AffixB.SuffixC.StemD.Prefix15.By the relation of_one means that different sets of clauses may permit of
11、 require the occurrence of a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence.（分数：2.00）A.substitutabilityB.positionC.co-occurrenceD.coordination16._refers to a major constituent of sentence structure in a binary analysis in which all obligatory constituents other th
12、an the subject were considered together.（分数：2.00）A.SubjectB.PredicateC.ObjectD.Complement17._refer to those words that are used before the noun acting as head of a noun group, and that determine the kind of reference the nominal group has.（分数：2.00）A.ParticlesB.AuxiliariesC.Pro-formsD.Determiners18.W
13、hich of the following is under the category of “Open Class“?（分数：2.00）A.Nouns.B.Conjunctions.C.Determiners.D.Prepositions19._is the name for oppositeness relation, which includes three main sub-types.（分数：2.00）A.HyponymyB.Antony myC.PolysemyD.Synonymy20.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning
14、of a word to the thing it refers to or stands for is known as the _.（分数：2.00）A.An Integrated TheoryB.Speech Act TheoryC.The Classical TheoryD.The Referential Theory二、填空题(总题数：30，分数：60.00)21. 1 studies the relationship between language and thought, and a perennial subject of debate being whether langu
15、age is a function of thinking or thought.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.Hymes“ theory of 1was introduced into the field of language teaching, which encourages teacher to pay more attention to the question of how to train their students as active and successful language users in a real language context.（分数：2.00）
16、填空项 1:_23.As one of the central topics in psycholinguistics, 1 concerns how a child acquires the language skills and how they extend to other languages.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.According to Langacker, 1 is the ability to conceive and portray the same situation in alternate ways through specificity, differ
17、ent mental scanning, directionality, vantage point, figure-ground segregation, etc.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.In cognitive linguistics, 1 is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26.Many prepositions, such as “in“ , “into“
18、 , exemplify a 1 schema, which involves a physical of metaphorical boundary, enclosed area or volume, or excluded area or volume.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_27.ARGUMENT IS WAR is a 1metaphor, in which the concept of argument is structured systematically in terms of another.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_28.In the cognitive li
19、terature, 1 is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provides mental access to the target within the same domain.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_29. 1 theory is proposed by Fauconnier and Turner to address the cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more “mental spaces“ are integrated via proje
20、cting into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_30.Hymes points out that a 1 refers to a group of people who “share not only the same rules of speaking, but at least one linguistic variety as well“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_31.The 1 hypothesis suggests that our language helps mo
21、uld our way of thinking and consequently, different languages may probably express the speaker“s unique ways of understanding of the world.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_32.An anthropological orientation in the study of language was developed both in England and in North America at the start of the 20th century. B
22、ronislaw Malinowski and 1 was regarded as the pioneers of this movement in England.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_33. 1 linguistics addresses the structuring within language of such basic conceptual categories as those of space and time, scenes and event, entities and processes, motion and location, and force and
23、causation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_34.As one of the six subjects of research within psycholinguistics, 1 concerns how the cognitive architecture of language and language processing is implemented in the human brain.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_35.Sociolinguists expand the scope of their observation on language by introdu
24、cing some major social factors, including class, 1, age, ethnic identity, education background, occupation and religious belief.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_36.John Langshaw Austin began to give lectures on Speech Act Theory in 195In 1955 , when delivering the William James lectures, he revised the notes and cha
25、nged the title from Words and Deeds to 1, which was published posthumously in 1962.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_37.According to Austin, though 1 cannot be true or false, there are still conditions for them to meet to be appropriate or felicitous.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_38.The Felicity Conditions suggest that there must
26、be a relevant conventional procedure, and the relevant 1 must be appropriate.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_39.Through the Williams James lectures Grice delivered at Harvard in 1967, the theory of Conversational Implicature became known to the public. Part of the lectures was published in 1975 under the title of 1
27、.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_40.The characteristics of implicative can be summarized as calculability, cancellability, 1 and non-conventionality.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_41.Sperber and Wilson argue that all Gricean maxims, including the CP itself, should be reduced to a single principle of relevance, which is defined as
28、: every act of 1 communicates the presumption of its own optional relevance.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_42.According to Sperber and Wilson, “of all the interpretations of the stimulus which confirm the presumption, it is 1 to occur to the addressee that is the one the communicator intended to convey“.（分数：2.00）填
29、空项 1:_43.In the field of language use, Zipf recognized two competing forces: the force of 1, or speaker“s economy, and the force of diversification, or hearer“s economy.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_44.Horn found that Q-based implicatures can be readily cancelled by 1 which does not affect what is said, but R-bas
30、ed implicatures cannot.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_45.A popular term in Stylistics, 1, defined by Leech and Short as “artistically motivated deviation“ involves all levels of language; vocabulary, sound, syntax, meaning, graphology, etc.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_46.Where two syllables have the same initial and final cons
31、onants, but different vowels, they are 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_47.A/An 1 foot consists of three syllables; two unstressed syllables are followed by a stressed one.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_48.On the speech presentation cline, the one comes between Direct Speech and Indirect Speech is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_49.The term 1
32、was originally coined by William James to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind, and later was applied to the novelistic portrayal of the free flow of thought.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_50. 1is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particular style of
33、language and its context of use.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、写作题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)51.Choose four of the following questions for Essay Discussion. Write the number of the question and your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. There is no doubt that linguistic science today, like other parts of human knowledge, is the produ
34、ct of its past and matrix of its future(R. H. Robins, 1997). Discuss the progress with shifts among different approaches to language chronologically from antiquity up to the present.（分数：2.00）_52.Philosophical presuppositions in terms of “arbitrariness“ versus motivation, “autonomy“ versus embodiment
35、 are still under debates in the field of modern linguistic studies. Comment on the debates and provide your argument for or against these theories.（分数：2.00）_53.The linguists of comparative and historical linguistics, structural linguistics and transformational-generative linguistics all regarded the
36、ir theories as “science“. What do you think?（分数：2.00）_54.The contrast between empiricism and rationalism runs through the history of linguistic thought in various manifestations. Rationalism allows for rational thought to process ideas. Empiricism says that only the data is relevant to ideas. Discus
37、s and provide your argument for and against each of these presuppositions.（分数：2.00）_55.Noam Chomsky is a leading linguistic scientist and his Syntactic Structures outlined his theories of transformational generative grammar, which made him a prominent and controversial figure in the field. Discuss h
38、is TG grammar and comment on the innateness hypothesis.（分数：2.00）_56.There is a variety of possible relationships between language and society. The first one is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or behavior; a second possible relationship is directly opp
39、osed to the first: linguistic structure and/or behavior may either influence or determine social structure; a third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional; language and society may influence each other; a fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship at all bet
40、ween linguistic structure and social structure and that each is independent of the other. Discuss and provide evidence for and against the “no relationship“ position.（分数：2.00）_57.Cognitive Linguistics has been advancing now in the US and in Europe for three decades. Chinese scholars have already tak
41、en up these stimulating ideas and carried them forward within their own traditions of linguistic research. Make a list of famous cognitive linguists and comments on their contributions to the area of cognitive linguistic research.（分数：2.00）_58.Austin puts forward the speech act theory. What does he m
42、ean by “speech act“? He uses the term “locution“ for the actual form of words used by the speaker and their semantic meaning, and illocution for what the speaker is doing by uttering the words. If a person says “The gun is loaded“ , what might be the illocutionary force? Or say, what might be the po
43、ssible intention of the speaker? Provide the contexts for your interpretation.（分数：2.00）_2012 年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：116.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1._has been widely accepted as the father of modern linguistics.（分数：2.00）A.ChomskyB.Saussure C.BloomfieldD.Halliday解析：解析：考查现代语言学之父。Sauss
44、ure 被认为是现代语言学之父。2.A language user“s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic_.（分数：2.00）A.comprehensionB.performanceC.perceptionD.competence 解析：解析：考查语言能力。语言能力指一个语言使用者关于语言规则的基本知识。3.“I can refer to Confucius or the North Pole, even though the first has been dead over 2,55
45、0 years and the second is situated far away from us. “ This shows that language has the design feature of_.（分数：2.00）A.displacement B.creativityC.dualityD.arbitrariness解析：解析：考查语言的移位性特征。移位性特征指人类语言可以让使用者表达在说话当时当地并不存在的物体、事件和观点。4.The distinction between competence and performance was put forward by _.（分数：2.00）A.BloomfieldB.SaussureC.Chomsky D.Halliday解析：解析：考查语言能力与语言运用的提出者。乔姆斯基提出了语言能力和语言运用的概念并对之进行了区分。5.Which of the following terms is not a concept in Psycholinguistics?（分数：2.00
