【考研类试卷】北京外国语大学英语语言学真题2010年及答案解析.doc
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1、北京外国语大学英语语言学真题 2010 年及答案解析(总分:150.00,做题时间:90 分钟)Explain the following terms:(分数:50.00)(1).langue(分数:5.00)_(2).phoneme(分数:5.00)_(3).prefix(分数:5.00)_(4).part of speech(分数:5.00)_(5).back-formation(分数:5.00)_(6).polysemy(分数:5.00)_(7).speech community(分数:5.00)_(8).interlanguage(分数:5.00)_(9).syllabus(分数:5.
2、00)_(10).comprehensible input(分数:5.00)_Answer the following questions:(分数:40.00)(1).How do you compare the traffic light system with a human linguistic system?(分数:10.00)_(2).What is the aim of IC (immediate constituent) analysis? Make an IC analysis of the following sentence by means of either brack
3、ets or a tree diagram? My mother said Mary liked the handbag.(分数:10.00)_(3).What is your comment on the following paragraph? Rewrite it and explain why you want to rewrite it that way. One winter morning when Father left the Riding Club on horseback, Father“s horse fell with Father. Not only did the
4、 stupid animal fall but the animal landed on Father“s foot. Father pulled Father“s foot out from under, got the horse up, and went on to the Park for Father“s ride. But Father found later that one of Father“s toes had been bent and that Father couldn“t straighten the toe out.(分数:10.00)_(4).In what w
5、ay are language and computer related, and how has their relationship affected language learning?(分数:10.00)_Essay-writing: (分数:60.00)(1).What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analyse and explain the phenomenon. 甲:上车请买票。 乙:三张天安门。 甲:您拿好。(分数:30.00)_(2).So
6、me adult second language learners may have stayed in an English speaking country for years. However, when they speak, their English can still be full of mistakes. What do you think might be the problem? Use a second language acquisition theory to analyze the problem.(分数:30.00)_北京外国语大学英语语言学真题 2010 年答
7、案解析(总分:150.00,做题时间:90 分钟)Explain the following terms:(分数:50.00)(1).langue(分数:5.00)_正确答案:()解析:Langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by. It is abstract a
8、nd relatively stable.(2).phoneme(分数:5.00)_正确答案:()解析:Phoneme: It refers to the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular language. For example, in English, /p/is described as a phoneme.(3).prefix(分数:5.00)_正确答案:()解析:Prefix : In linguistics, a prefix is a type of affix
9、that precedes the morphemes to which it can attach. Prefixes are bound morphemes (they can not occur as independent words). While most languages employ both prefixes and suffixes, prefixes are less common. Some languages employ mostly suffixes and almost no prefixes at all. The use of prefixes has b
10、een found to correlate statistically with other linguistic features, such as a verb-object word order and the use of prepositions.(4).part of speech(分数:5.00)_正确答案:()解析:Part of speech : One of a group of traditional classifications of words according to their functions in context, including the noun,
11、 pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection, and sometimes the article.(5).back-formation(分数:5.00)_正确答案:()解析:Back-formation: Back-formation refers to an unusually abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a lo
12、nger form already in the language. Take televise for example. The word television appeared before televise . The first part of the word television was pulled out and analyzed as a root, even though no such root occurs elsewhere in the English language.(6).polysemy(分数:5.00)_正确答案:()解析:Polysemy: Polyse
13、my means a single word having several or many meanings. According to Crystal: Polysemy is a term used in semantic analysis to refer to a lexical item which has a range of different meanings. Polysemic words are signs of an advanced culture. Polysemy is also an essential feature of a language“s econo
14、my and efficiency.(7).speech community(分数:5.00)_正确答案:()解析:Speech community: Speech community is a group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language. Speech communities can be members of a profession with a specialized jargon, distinct social groups like high sch
15、ool students or hip hop fans. In addition, online and other mediated communities, such as many internet forums, often constitute speech communities. Members of speech communities will often develop slang or jargon to serve the group“s special purposes and priorities.(8).interlanguage(分数:5.00)_正确答案:(
16、)解析:interlanguage: It refers to the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language. It“s a language system between the target language and the learner“s native language, and imperfect compared with the target language, but not
17、mere translation from the learner“s native language. For example, when a Chinese student is learning English, he may make errors like “to touch the society“.(9).syllabus(分数:5.00)_正确答案:()解析:略(10).comprehensible input(分数:5.00)_正确答案:()解析:Comprehensible input: It means any input must be comprehensible i
18、f it is to have any effect on learning. The concept of comprehensible input is that second language acquisition depends upon the learners“ attempts to extract meaning from the language input. The language that learners are exposed to should be just far enough beyond their current competence so that
19、they can understand most of it but still be challenged to make progress. Input should be neither too difficult nor too easy for the learners.Answer the following questions:(分数:40.00)(1).How do you compare the traffic light system with a human linguistic system?(分数:10.00)_正确答案:()解析:Both the traffic l
20、ight system and human linguistic system can symbolize some information in communication whereas the linguistic system is more complicated. However, the linguistic system has several distinctive features that no other systems have, including the traffic light system. (1) Language is arbitrary which m
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