大学四级-1210及答案解析.doc
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1、大学四级-1210 及答案解析(总分:712.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数:1,分数:106.00)1.现在国家主张建立和谐型社会。师生关系也应该和谐;2我心目中的和谐的师生关系;3我们应该如何去建立这样的师生关系。My View on Harmonious Teacher-Student Relationship(分数:106.00)_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数:1,分数:70.00)Marriage by the NumbersWhen Laurie Aronson was 29, she had little patience f
2、or people who inquired why she still wasnt married. “Im not one of those unmarried women who sit home Friday night and cry,“ she said. As she passed 35, however, and one relationship after another failed to lead to the altar, she began to worry. “Things were kinking pretty depressive,“ she says. But
3、 then a close friends brother a man shed known for yearsdivorced. Slowly their friendship blossomed into romance. At 39, Aronson married him, becoming Laurie Aronson Starr and the stepmother to his three kids. Then, after five years of treatment, she became pregnant with a son wholl be 4 in July. “M
4、y parents are thrilledits a relief for everyone,“ says Starr, now 49. “I wish I could have found the right person earlier and had more children. But Im very happy now.“As happy endings go, hers has a particularly delicious irony. Twenty years ago this week, Aronson was one of more than a dozen singl
5、e women featured in the cover story of the magazine of Newsweek. In “The Marriage Crunch,“ the magazine reported on new research predicting that white, college-educated women who failed to marry in their 20s. According to the research, a woman who remained single at 30 had only a 20 percent chance o
6、f ever marrying. By 35, the probability dropped to 5 percent. In the storys most infamous line, it is reported that a 40-year-old single woman was “more likely to be killed by a terrorist“ than to ever marry. That comparison wasnt in the study, and even in those pre-9/11 days, it struck many people
7、as an offensive analogy (类推). Nonetheless, it quickly became established in pop culture and is still routinely cited in TV shows and news stories.Across the country, women reacted the research in Newsweek with fury, anxietyand skepticism. “The popular media have invented a national marital crisis on
8、 the basis of a single academic experiment. of doubtful statistical merit,“ wrote Susan Faludi, then a 27-year-old reporter at the San Jose Mercury News, who saw the controversy as one example against feminism (男女平等主义).Twenty years later, the situation looks far brighter. Those odds-shell-marry stat
9、istics turned out to be too pessimistic: today it appears that about 90 percent of baby-boomer men and women either have married or will marry, a ratio thats well in line with historical averages. And these days, about half of all women get married by their 20s, as they did in 1960. At least 14 perc
10、ent of women born between 1955 and 1964 married after the age of 30. Today the median age for a first marriage25 for women, 27 for menis higher than ever before.Not everyone wants to marry, of course. And were long past those Jane Austen days when being “marriage-minded“ was primarily a female quali
11、ty; today many men openly hope for a wife just as much as women long for a husband. The good news is that older singles who desire a spouse appear to face far kinder odds nowadays. When the Census last passed the numbers in 1996, a single woman at 40 had a 40.8 percent chance of eventually marrying.
12、 Today those odds are probably even higherand may be only slightly worse than the probability of correctly choosing “heads“ or “tails“ in a coin toss.To mark the anniversary of the cover story, the newspaper of Newsweek located 11 of the 14 single women in the story. Among them, eight are married an
13、d three remain single. Several have children or stepchildren. None divorced. Twenty years ago Andrea Quattrocchi was a career-focused Boston hotel executive and reluctant to settle for a spouse who didnt share her fondness for sailing and sushi. Six years later she met her husband at a beachfront ba
14、rs; they married when she was 36. Today shes a stay-at-home mom with three kidsand yes, the couple regularly enjoys sushi and sailing. “You can have it all today if you waitthats what Id tell my daughter,“ she says. “Enjoy your life when youre single, then find someone in your 30s like Mommy did.“Th
15、e research that led to the marriage predictions began at Harvard and Yale in the mid-1980s. Three researchers- Nell Bennett, David Bloom and Patricia Craigbegan exploring why so many women werent marrying in their 20s, as most Americans traditionally had. Would these women still marry someday, or no
16、t at all? To find an answer, they used “life table“ techniques, applying data from past age group to predict future behaviorthe same method typically used to predict death rates. “Its the important tool of demography (人口统计学),“ says Johns Hopkins sociologist Andrew Cherlin. “They were looking at 40-y
17、ear-olds and making predictions for 20-year-olds.“ The researchers focused on women, not men, largely because government statisticians had collected better age-of-marriage data for females as part of its studies on birth patterns and birthrates.Despite the flawed statistics, some observers say the s
18、tory holds up well. “Once you got over the sensational aspects, there was a lot of substance,“ says E. Kay Trimberger, a sociologist at Sonoma State University and author of “The New Single Woman.“ Among other trends the original story identified were the rise in cohabitation, the emergence of singl
19、e mothers by choice, the fact that many single women were very happy with their lives, and an increasingly out-of-the-closet gay population as factors affecting marriage rates.Some demographers immediately doubted the odds. Within months Census researchers did their own study and concluded that a 40
20、-year-old single woman really had a 17 to 23 percent probability of eventually marrying, not 2.6 percent. In retrospect, the demographers faced a huge challenge in getting these predictions right. Thats because marital behavior was undergoing a profound shift. Before 1980, a woman who hadnt married
21、by 30 probably never would. But times were changing. “Women werent remaining unmarried because marriage was less appealing, but because it was becoming more appealing to wait,“ says Steven Martin, a University of Maryland sociologist.Such unexpected shifts are part of what makes demographic forecast
22、ing extremely difficult, not unlike making weather forecasts in the midst of a hurricane. Even though the original forecasts were wrong, todays researchers remain respectful of Bennett, Bloom and Craigs work. Their marriage-forecast numbers were only a minor part of their study, and the authors rema
23、in proud of their papers larger findings on the diverging marriage rates between blacks and whites and the role that education plays in marriage. Today a new generation of sociologists (社会学家) continues to tinker (修补) with the delayed-marriage puzzle.(分数:70.00)(1).When Laurie Aronson was over 35, she
24、 did not feel worried because she was unwilling to get married.(分数:7.00)填空项 1:_(2).According to the research in Newsweek, it was predicted that the older an after-her-20s but unmarried woman was, the less possibly she would marry.(分数:7.00)填空项 1:_(3).Susan Faludi disagreed with the prediction of the
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