1、BSI Standards Publication PD CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 Road and airfield surface characteristics Part 14: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCN): ViaFriction (Road Analyser and Recorder of ViaTech AS)PD CEN/TS 15901-14:2
2、016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 15901-14:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/510/5, Surface characteristics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on r
3、equest to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 90538 4 ICS 93.080.20; 93.120 Compliance
4、 with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD CEN/TS 15901-14:2016TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCI
5、FICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15901-14 February 2016 ICS 93.080.20; 93.120 English Version Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 14: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCN): ViaFrictio
6、n (Road Analyser and Recorder of ViaTech AS) Caractristiques de surface des routes et aroports - Partie 14: Mode opratoire de dtermination de ladhrence dun revtement de chausse laide dun dispositif frottement longitudinal contrl (CFLRDK): le ROAR (Analyseur de Route et Enregistreur du Norsemeter) Ob
7、erflcheneigenschaften von Straen und Flugpltzen - Teil 14: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines Gerts mit geregeltem Schlupf in Lngsrichtung (LFCN): Das ViaFriction-Messgert (Road Analyser and Recorder of ViaTech AS) This Technical Specification (CEN/TS)
8、 was approved by CEN on 3 December 2015 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a Europ
9、ean Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the fin
10、al decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ir
11、eland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management C
12、entre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 EPD CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative reference
13、s 4 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Recommended uses 7 5 Safety . 8 6 Essential characteristics . 8 6.1 Principle of measurements . 8 6.2 Description of ViaFriction 9 7 Key characteristics . 9 7.1 General 9 7.2 Test speed 9 7.3 Braking system 9 7.4 Static wheel load 9 7.5 Test wheel arrangement . 9 7.
14、6 Test wheel 9 7.7 Minimum sampling interval . 10 7.8 Pavement wetting system, water film thickness 10 7.9 General requirements for measurements 10 7.10 Parameters recorded 10 8 Test procedure 11 8.1 Standard test conditions 11 8.2 Prior to testing 12 8.3 Testing 12 9 Data recording . 12 10 Calibrat
15、ion 13 11 Accuracy 13 12 Test report 14 Bibliography . 15 PD CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TS 15901-14:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the
16、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countr
17、ies are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
18、 Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the wet road skid resistance of a surface by measurement of the longit
19、udinal friction coefficient LFCN. The described method is also used to determine the skid resistance on a surface covered by ice or snow. The method provides friction coefficient measurements of the pavement by using an electrically braked test wheel. ViaFriction can operate in the following modes:
20、Fixed slip: The slip ratio is fixed. The slip ratio can be set to a value from 1 % to 75 %. Fixed slip speed: The slip speed is fixed. The slip speed has to be lower than the vehicle speed. Variable slip: The test wheel is braked from 0 % to 75 % slip ratio recording F 30, F 60 and the slip ratio/fr
21、iction curve. The test tyre is dragged over a pre-wetted pavement under controlled speed conditions while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement. Skid resistance measurement on winter roads do not require pre-wetted pavement. To determine the macrotext
22、ure of the pavement surface a laser system can be added. This system is placed in front of the towing vehicle in order to measure the macrotexture (mean profile depth MPD) on dry pavements and on the same path as the skid resistance measurement is done. The standard for this measurement and the devi
23、ce is described in EN ISO 13473-1. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refer
24、enced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 13473-1, Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles Part 1: Determination of Mean Profile Depth (ISO 13473-1) ISO 13473-2, Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles Part 2: Terminology and basic requ
25、irements related to pavement texture profile analysis ASTM 1551, Standard Specification for Special Purpose, SmoothTread Tire, Operated on Fixed Braking Slip Continuous Friction Measuring Equipment PD CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 (E) 5 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this do
26、cument, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 wet road skid resistance property of a trafficked surface that limits relative movement between the surface and the part of a vehicle tyre in contact with the surface, when lubricated with a film of water Note 1 to entry: Factors that contribute
27、 to skid resistance are tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern and rubber composition: the alignment, texture, surface contamination and characteristics of the road surface, vehicle speed and weather conditions. Note 2 to entry: The skid resistance of a surface in Europe varies seasonally. Gener
28、ally, wet skid resistance is higher in winter as a result of the effects of wet detritus and the effects of frost and wear by tyres on microtexture and macrotexture. Wet skid resistance is lower in summer as a result of dry polishing by tyres in the presence of fine detritus. Note 3 to entry: The ch
29、ange in skid resistance of a surface in service is affected by the volume of traffic and the composition of the traffic, i.e. cars, buses, commercial vehicles of different sizes, as the tyres of these vehicles polish and/or wear the surfacing material in different ways. The geometry of the road will
30、 affect the change in skid resistance. Generally, tyres polish less on straight roads than on bends. Note 4 to entry: Where the surface contains aggregate with a coating of binders, e.g. bitumen, resin or Portland cement, the skid resistance can change as the coating is worn away by tyres. 3.2 dry r
31、oad skid resistance property of a trafficked surface that limits relative movement between the surface and the part of a vehicle tyre in contact with the surface. The contact is not lubricated with a film of water 3.3 skid resistance characterisation of the friction of a road surface when measured i
32、n accordance with a standardised method 3.4 friction coefficient ratio between the horizontal force in the direction of the motion that can be activated between the test wheel and the wet pavement and the vertical wheel load accomplished under controlled slipping conditions Note 1 to entry: The cont
33、rolled slipping condition is achieved by an electrical brake system. If the vehicle is in motion, the test wheel slides or slips in the forward direction. 3.5 friction resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact, the frictional force being the force, acting tangentially in the contac
34、t area, which is measured by a friction-measuring device 3.6 slip ratio slip speed divided by the vehicle speed PD CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 (E) 6 3.7 fixed slip speed this is a fixed slip where the slip speed is configurable and independent of the vehicle speed. The vehicle speed ha
35、s always to be higher than the configured fixed slip speed 3.8 F 30 friction value at 30 km/h slip speed 3.9 F 60 friction value at 60 km/h slip speed 3.10 LFCN longitudinal friction coefficient measured with the ViaFriction 3.11 macrotexture deviation of a pavement from a true planar pavement with
36、characteristic dimensions along the pavement of 0,5 mm to 50 mm, corresponding to texture wavelengths with one-third-octave bands including the range 0,63 mm to 50 mm centre wavelengths Note 1 to entry: Peak to peak amplitudes normally vary in the range 0,1 mm to 20 mm. Note 2 to entry: Macrotexture
37、 is a major factor influencing skid resistance at high speeds but it also has an effect at low speeds. 3.12 Mean Profile Depth MPD descriptor of macrotexture, obtained from a texture profile measurement as defined in EN ISO 13473-1 and ISO 13473-2 3.13 calibration periodic adjustment of the offset,
38、the gain and the linearity of the output of a measurement method so that all the calibrated devices of a particular type deliver the same value within a known and accepted range of uncertainty, when measuring under identical conditions within given boundaries or parameters 3.14 retaliation friction
39、devices type of friction device fitted to vehicles Note 1 to entry: When the vehicle brakes are used with full force for a short period, the speed change or deceleration is used to calculate the friction. Note 2 to entry: This type of friction device is used on winter road surfaces covered with ice
40、or snow. 3.15 braking force coefficient ratio between the longitudinal frictional force and the load on the test wheel PD CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 (E) 7 Note 1 to entry: The test wheel mass which is without dimension. 3.16 vehicle speed speed at which the device traverses the test s
41、urface 3.17 slip speed relative speed between the test wheel and the pavement in the contact area 3.18 wheel path part of the pavement where the majority of the vehicle wheel passes are concentrated Note 1 to entry: The wheel path is not a fixed location on a pavement surface. On a worn pavement, th
42、e wheel path can usually be identified easily visually. On a new laid surface, the position of the wheel path needs to be estimated by experienced operators. Note 2 to entry: For special circumstances such as acceptance tests, a particular path can be defined, for example (700 150) mm from the edge
43、of the running lane of a road. 3.19 theoretical water film thickness thickness of a water film between a test wheel and a test pavement, assuming the pavement has zero texture depth 3.20 winter road road surface having a temperature below +5 C Note 1 to entry: The road surface may be covered by snow
44、 and ice. The wet road skid resistance cannot be measured due to the risk of depositing ice on the road. 3.21 summer road road surface having a temperature of 5 C or more where wet road skid resistance can be measured 4 Recommended uses The ViaFriction is used in the following fields of application:
45、 road network monitoring (Pavement Management measuring wet road skid resistance on summer roads and measuring dry road skid resistance on winter roads); approval of new surfacing; measurements after traffic accidents; investigation of surface skid resistance; comparative measurements among differen
46、t devices; testing of tyres. PD CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 (E) 8 5 Safety Safety measures shall be in place to maintain safe working practice in accordance with current regulations, and to ensure the safety of other users of the area being measured, including measures to control traff
47、ic as necessary. The wetting of pavements can have an effect on other road users and every effort should be made to ensure that they do not have to make any sudden changes in speed or direction. When measuring skid resistance on roads under traffic the device may operate at speeds different to norma
48、l road speeds and as a result can create a hazard for other road users. So the specified test speed for tests in accordance with this document should be taken into account. Tests that involve water deposition should not be carried out if there is a risk of water freezing on the pavement. 6 Essential
49、 characteristics 6.1 Principle of measurements The following principles are used in order to perform continuous measurement of longitudinal friction coefficient. The measurement can be performed on either a wetted surface or a surface covered with snow or ice. Fixed slip: the tangential speed of the test wheel is fixed at given percentage of the vehicle speed. The percentage can be set to any value from 1 % to 75 %. Fixed slip speed the relative speed between the test wheel and the pavement surface is kept constant: this mean
