1、Recommended Practice for Sizing and Selection of Electric Submersible Pump InstallationsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11S4THIRD EDITION, JULY 2002REAFFIRMED, OCTOBER 2013Recommended Practice for Sizing and Selection of Electric Submersible Pump InstallationsUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11S4TH
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10、y of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit any
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13、Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2002 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis recommended practice is under the jurisdiction of the American Petroleum Institute(API) Subcommittee on Field Operating Equipment.This document presents recommended
14、 practices for the design (sizing and selection) ofelectrical submersible pumps. The intent of this document is to provide a “checklist” ofitems that need to be considered when designing an ESP. It has been written for persons whopossess knowledge in basic nodal analysis and petroleum terminology. T
15、his document includes usage of the verbs shall and should, whichever is the more appli-cable to the function. For the purposes of this document:Shall:Indicates the recommended practice is considered a minimum requirement that hasuniversal applicability to the specific activity.Should:Indicates a rec
16、ommended practice: (1) for which alternative practices may beequally safe and/or effective; or, (2) which may not be practical under some circumstances orapplications.This recommended practice shall become effective on the date printed on the cover butmay be used voluntarily from the date of distrib
17、ution.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby express
18、ly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the standardization manager,American Petroleum
19、Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Conversion Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 BASIC DESIGN APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 GATHER BASE DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 Estimate ES
22、P Operating Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 SELECT PUMP AND INTAKE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 Match Pump Performance to Well Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、46.2 Limitations and Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 SELECT MOTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 Match Motor Performance to Pump/Well Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 Limitations and Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.3 Checklist. . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 SELECT SEAL CHAMBER SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.1 Match Seal Chamber to Pump/Motor/Well Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.2
26、Limitations/Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.3 Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 SELECT CABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.1 Match Cable to Pump/Motor/Well Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.2 Limitations/Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.3 Checklist. . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210 SELECT SWITCHBOARD/VSD AND TRANSFORMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210.1 Match Surface Electrical Equipment to Motor/Pump/Well Performance . . . . . 1210.2 Limitations/Considerations
29、and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310.3 Optimization and Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1710.4 Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . 1811 ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811.1 Check Valve and Bleeder or Drain Valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811.2 Backspin Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811.3 Downhole Monitoring Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811.4 Centralizers and MotorGuides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811.5 Anodes . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811.6 Penetrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911.7 Y-Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911.8 Wellheads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911.9 Packers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . 19vPage11.10 Cable Bands or Clamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911.11 Shroud or Motor Jacket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911.12 Cable-deployed Pumping Systems. .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911.13 Coiled Tubing Deployed Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1912 EXAMPLE PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19APPEND
36、IX A DATA SHEET DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21APPENDIX B ESP DESIGN DATA SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25APPENDIX C COMPARISON OF DOWNHOLE VERSUS SURFACE MOTORS. . 27APPENDIX D VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE AFFINITY LAW
37、S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29APPENDIX E FRICTION LOSS IN API TUBING(HAZEN-WILLIAMS CHARTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figures1 ESP Design Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Electric
38、al Configuration Using a Step-up Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Electrical Configuration Using a Fixed Speed Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Fixed Frequency and Variable Frequency Pump Performance Curves . . . . . . . . . 155 Motor Horsepower Output vs
39、. Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Motor Horsepower Output and Pump Required BHP vs. Frequency . . . . . . . . . . 167 Example of a 60HzSingle Stage Pump Performance Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20E-1 Flow Losses Due to Friction in API Pipe . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Tables1 Comparison of VSDs vs. Fixed Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17vi1Recommended Practice for Sizing and Selection of Electric Submersible Pump Installations 1 ScopeEach component of the ESP system
41、(pump, motor, intake,seal or protector, cable, switchboard, etc.) is discussed insome detail as far as what must be considered for the bestselection at a desired rate and well conditions. Examples aregiven to illustrate the basic design procedure and illustratehow PVT correlations, multiphase flow c
42、orrelations, andinflow performance relationships are used.Summary designs and computer examples using thedetailed design principles are presented which show howdesign considerations fit together, and how tools such as com-puter programs allow faster solutions resulting in easier trialand error calcu
43、lations for optimization of designs and studyof existing installations. Topics such as PVT correlations, multiphase flow correla-tions, and inflow performance relationships are discussed inthe appendices.2 ReferencesThis recommended practice includes by reference, either intotal or in part, other st
44、andards and recommended practiceslisted below. The latest edition of these standards and recom-mended practices should be used unless otherwise noted:APIRP 11SRecommended Practice for the Operation,Maintenance and Troubleshooting of Elec-trical Submersible Pump InstallationsRP 11S1Recommended Practi
45、ce for Electrical Sub-mersible Pump Tear Down ReportRP 11S2Recommended Practice for Electric Sub-mersible Pump TestingRP 11S3Recommended Practice for Electrical Sub-mersible Pump InstallationsRP 11S5 Recommended Practice for Application ofElectric Submersible Cable SystemsRP 11S6Recommended Practice
46、 for Testing ofElectrical Submersible Pump CableSystemsRP 11S7Recommended Practice for Applicationand Testing of Electric Submersible PumpSeal Chamber SectionRP 11S8Recommended Practice for Applicationand Testing of Electric Submersible PumpSystem VibrationsRP 500Recommended Practice for Classificat
47、ionof Locations for Electrical Installations atPetroleum FacilitiesRP 5C7Recommended Practice for Coiled TubingOperations in Gas and Oil Well Services3 Definitions, Abbreviations and ConversionsThis section provides an alphabetic listing of all the basicterminology and symbols used throughout API RP
48、 11S4. Inaddition, the formulas to convert between English and metricunits are given. 3.1 NOMENCLATUREBoOil formation volume factor (bbl/STB)m3/m3 BwWater formation volume factor (bbl/STB)m3/m3fwWater cut (fraction range 0 1)HDVertical fluid head measured from the well-head to the working fluid leve
49、l (ft) mHFTubing head loss due to friction (ft) mHTHead equivalent to wellhead pressure (ft) mJProductivity index (bbl/day/psi) m3/day/kPaKVA Transformer power rating (kilowatts-volts-amperage)MDpumpMeasured pump intake setting depth (ft) mPbhsBottomhole static pressure (psig) kPaPwfWellbore flowing pressure (psig) kPagPwhWellhead flowing pressure (psig) kPagPIP Pump intake pressure (psig) kPaqDesired flow rate of fluid into the wellbore(bbl/day) m3/dayqintakeflow rate at the pump intake (bbl/day)m3/daySCF Standard cubic feetSSU Saybolt Seconds Universal viscos
