ACI SP-125-1991 Lunar Concrete《月球混凝土》.pdf
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1、COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesAC1 SP-125 91 m Ob62949 0022072 3 m Lunar Concrete Richard A. Kaden Editor SP-125 COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesA61 SP-125 91 Obb2949
2、0022073 5 DISCUSSION of individual papers in this symposium may be submitted in accordance with general requirements of the AC1 Publication Policy to AC1 headquarters at the address given below. Closing date for submission of discussion is December 1, 1991. AU discussion approved by the Technical Ac
3、tivities Committee along with closing remarks by the authors wiii be published in the May/June 1992 issue of either AC1 Structural Journal or AC1 Materials Journal depending on the subject emphasis of the individual paper. The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in
4、its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to, supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. The papers in this volume have been reviewed under Institute publication procedures by individuals expert i
5、n the subject areas of the papers. Copyright 1991 AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE P.O. Box 19150, Redford Station Detroit, Michigan 48219 All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or
6、 mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Printed in the United States of America Editorial production Victoria Luni
7、ck Library of Congress catalog card number 71712 COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesAC1 SP-125 91 H 0662749 0022074 7 H PREFACE That concrete might become a primary material of construction, versatile, and inexpensive for use on the Moon
8、, would at first seem to be an outrageous idea. After all, the Moon is naturally a very dry place, drier than the driest terrestrial desert, with the nearest water hole 250,000 miles away, and the Moons surface is enveloped in an almost perfect vacuum. This is an unfamiIiar environment for the produ
9、ction and use of a water- containing material like concrete. However, a small group of scientists and engineers, many of them represented in this collection of papers, have perservered in examining the outrageous premise, and perhaps the idea is not as strange as it might have initially seemed. Most
10、, perhaps all, of the materials needed to make concrete are naturally present on the lunar surface. Although they have to be extracted and transformed, the energy required to do that, and probably the cost, is much less than that which would be required to bring the same quantity of material from Ea
11、rth to use on the Moon. And the technology for utilizing these natural materials of the Moon would appear to be straightforward modifications of techniques that have been developed for terrestrial applications. It is that technology modification and adaptation to the lunar environment that is the su
12、bject of these papers. But the development of lunar concrete into a viable material to be used on the Moon is of much broader importance than just an interesting study in technology modification and applicafion. It is a paradigm for the Space Exploration Initiative, a bold announcement made by Presi
13、dent George Bush on July 20th, 1989, that the US. would return to the Moon, “this time to stay.“ The lunar concrete development represents a challenge to conventional thinking, both on Earth and for Space. That challenge will excite a few young students who might otherwise have taken non-technical d
14、irections in their life to work in civil or chemical engineering, to break new and unique ground as they apply their intellect to these new problems. And in space, the traditional approaches of engineering space habitats will likewise be challenged by a new generation of engineers and iii COPYRIGHT
15、ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesAC1 SP-125 91 = 0662949 0022075 9 = scientists, who will have more tools to work with than their predecessors. And this is only one small area of technical practice. Multiplied by the many disciplines that will n
16、eed to be involved in the Space Exploration Initiative, the challenge of the Moon, and Mars, will energize a new generation of young people to think new thoughts and achieve greater heights than did the previous generation. The papers contained in this volume are only initial steps in the process of
17、 understanding whether to use concrete on the Moon can fulfill the promise of decoupling the Moon from the Earth, moving the mine, mill, and water hole 250,000 miles up and out of the Earths gravity weil, and freeing a lunar outpost from dependence on the Earth for its construction materials. Howeve
18、r, they are essential to the process, and are laying the basis for much more work that will certainly follow. Michael B. Duke Lunar and Mars Exploration Program Office National Aeronautics and Space Administration Houston, Texas August 23, 1990 iv COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Insti
19、tute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesAC1 SP-L25 91 m 0662949 0022076 O m FOREWORD The mission of the AC1 125 Committee is to develop and correlate knowledge and formulate recommendations for concrete construction on the Moon. This symposium volume contains the first series of papers dealing
20、 with the topic. The papers address cement production, concrete mixes, structural concepts, concrete placement, and the lunar environment. Mans earlier exploration of the Moon during the Apollo program involved brief sorties from the flight vehicle, which served as the astronauts lunar habitat. One
21、of the objectives of the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) is to establish permanent outposts on the Moon. These outposts will require permanent facilities. Ideally, these facilities can be construcfed with maximum utilization of indigenous materials, such as lunar concrete. The American Concrete I
22、nstitute, through its 125 Committee, encourages the study of topics that will assist in the development of lunar concrete application in support of SEI. I hope you find this volume to be both challenging and interesting, perhaps kindling an interest in a lunar concrete study of your om. Richard A. K
23、aden AC1 Committee 125, Lunar Concrete Symposium Editor V COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesAC1 SP-125 91 W Ob62949 0022077 2 a COMMITTEE CHAIRMANS REMARKS The development of worldwide space programs could not have proceeded thus far wi
24、thout the participation of certain elements of concrete engineering, which have not traditionally been encompassed by the aerospace industries. Although concrete professionals have never been in the front line of aerospace development, they have played key roles in construction of ground support fac
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