1、Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections AASHTO Designation: M 199M/M 199-141ASTM Designation: C 478M-13 and C 478-13 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4a M 199M/M 199-1
2、 AASHTO Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections AASHTO Designation: M 199M/M 199-141ASTM Designation: C 478M-13 and C 478-13 PART IGENERAL 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers the manufacture and purchase requirements of products used for the assembly and construct
3、ion of circular vertical precast reinforced concrete manholes and structures used in sewer, drainage, and water works. 1.2. Part I, Sections 1 through 11, of this specification presents general requirements and requirements that are common to each precast concrete product covered by this specificati
4、on. 1.3. Part II of this specification presents specific requirements for each manhole product in the following sections: Product Section Grade rings 12 Flat slab tops 13 Risers and conical tops 14 Base sections 15 Steps and ladders 16 Note 1Future products will be included in Part II in a future re
5、vision of this specification. 1.4. This specification is applicable for orders in either SI units (M 199M) or in inch-pound units (M 199). SI units and inch-pound units are not necessarily equivalent. Inch-pound units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable values
6、when the material is ordered to M 199. Note 2This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for backfill, or the relationship between field load conditions and the strength requirements of the manhole products and appurtenances. Experience ha
7、s shown, however, that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the product strength, type of foundation and backfill, and care in the field installation of the manhole products and connecting pipes. The owner of the project for which these products are specifi
8、ed herein is cautioned to require inspection at the construction site. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-2 AASHTO 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 6, Fine
9、 Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 31M/M 31, Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement M 32M/M 32, Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement M 55M/M 55, Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete M 80, Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 85, P
10、ortland Cement M 154M/M 154, Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete M 194M/M 194, Chemical Admixtures for Concrete M 221M/M 221, Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete M 225M/M 225, Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement M 240M/M 240, Blended Hydraulic Cement M 262, Concre
11、te Pipe and Related Products M 295, Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete M 302, Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars T 22, Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens T 280, Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile 2.2. ASTM Standard: A 706/A 706M,
12、Standard Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement C 309-03, Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete C 1017/C 1017M, Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete 2.3. ACI Stand
13、ard: 318, Building Code, Requirements for Reinforced Concrete 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete manholes, see M 262. 4. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 4.1. General material requirements for precast reinforced concrete manhole products are presented in Sections 4
14、.1.1 through 4.1.8. Other materials or additional requirements for a product, if any, are covered in the Part II section for that specific product. 4.1.1. Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel reinforcement h
15、as been embedded in such a manner so that the steel reinforcement and concrete act together. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-3 AASHTO 4.1.2. Cementitious Materials: 4.1
16、.2.1. CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of M 85, or shall be portland blast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of M 240M/M 240, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
17、4.1.2.2. Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Class F or Class C of M 295. 4.1.2.3. Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of M 302. 4.1.3. Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concr
18、ete shall be one of the following: 4.1.3.1. Portland cement only, 4.1.3.2. Portland blast-furnace slag cement only, 4.1.3.3. Slag modified portland cement only, 4.1.3.4. Portland-pozzolan cement only, 4.1.3.5. A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag, 4.1.3.6. A comb
19、ination of portland cement and fly ash, or 4.1.3.7. A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 percent of the total cementitious weight). 4.1.4. AggregatesAggregates shall conform to M 6 and M 80, except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply
20、. 4.1.5. Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shall only be used with the approval of the owner. 4.1.5.1. Air-Entraining Admixture conforming to M 154M/M 154; 4.1.5.2. Chemical Admixture conforming to M 194M/M 194; 4.1.5.3. Chemical Admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to
21、 ASTM C 1017/C 1017M; 4.1.5.4. Chemical Admixture or Blend approved by the owner. 4.1.6. Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to M 32M/M 32 or M 225M/M 225, of wire fabric conforming to M 55M/M 55 or M 221M/M 221, or of bars of Grade 300 40 steel conforming to M 31M/M 31
22、, or bars confirming to ASTM A 706/A 706M. 4.1.7. Secondary Synthetic FiberCollated fibrillated polypropylene virgin fibers shall not be prohibited when used in steel reinforced concrete manholes as a nonstructural manufacturing enhancement. Only fibers designed and manufactured specifically for use
23、 in concrete and so certified by the manufacturer shall be accepted. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-4 AASHTO 4.1.8. Other MaterialsOther materials required for a produ
24、ct and not covered in Section 4 will be covered in the Part II section for that specific product. 5. DESIGN 5.1. Design requirements for a product are prescribed in the specific Part II section for that product. 5.1.1. The minimum compressive strength of concrete manhole products covered by this spe
25、cification shall be 27.6 MPa 4000 psi unless specified otherwise in Part II of this specification. 5.2. Modified or Special Design: 5.2.1. Manufacturers are not prohibited from submitting to the owner, for approval prior to manufacture, designs other than those prescribed in the specific section for
26、 a product. If such approval is obtained, then the product shall meet all the tests and performance requirements specified by the owner in accordance with the appropriate sections on manufacture and physical requirements. 5.2.2. If permitted by the owner, the manufacturer is not prohibited from requ
27、esting approval of designs of special sections, such as reducers, tees, and bases. 6. REINFORCEMENT 6.1. This section presents requirements for reinforcement cover, continuity, laps, welds, and splices. Other reinforcement requirements are presented in Section 4, and any additional requirements are
28、given in the Part II section for a specific product. 6.2. CoverThe exposure of the ends of reinforcement, stirrups, or spacers used to position the reinforcement during placement of the concrete shall not be cause for rejection. 6.3. ContinuityThe continuity of the circumferential reinforcement shal
29、l not be destroyed during the manufacture of the product, except when lift holes or pipe openings are provided in the product. 6.4. Welded Steel Cage Laps, Welds, and Splices: 6.4.1. If splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars, and 40 dia
30、meters for plain bars and cold-drawn wire. In addition, where lapped cages of welded wire fabric are used without welding, the lap shall contain a longitudinal wire. 6.4.2. When splices are welded and are not lapped to the minimum requirements in Section 6.4.1, pull tests of representative specimens
31、 shall develop at least 50 percent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the steel, and there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm 2 in. For butt welded splices in bars or wire, permitted only with helically wound cages, pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least 75 per
32、cent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the steel. 6.5. Steel Hoop Splices A representative sample steel hoop with welded splices shall develop at least 50 percent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the steel, and there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm 2 in. For
33、butt welded splices, the representative steel hoop sample shall develop at least 75 percent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the steel. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable la
34、w.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-5 AASHTO 7. PRECAST CONCRETE MANUFACTURE 7.1. MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the products will conform to the test
35、 and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in Section 4.1.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m3470 lb/yd3, unless mix designs with a lo
36、wer cementitious materials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the product meet the requirements of this specification. 7.2. CuringConcrete products shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing prescribed in Sections 7.2.1 through 7.2.4 or to any other method or combina
37、tion of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. 7.2.1. Steam CuringConcrete products are placed in a curing chamber, free of outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperatures as needed to enable the pro
38、ducts to meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of the steam around the entire product. 7.2.2. Water CuringConcrete products are water cured by covering with water-saturated material, or by a system of perforated pipes, mechanical spri
39、nklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the products moist during the curing period. 7.2.3. Sealing MembraneA sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of ASTM C 309-03 is applied and shall be left intact until the required concrete strength requirements are met. Th
40、e concrete at the time of application of the membrane shall be within 6C 10F of the atmospheric temperature. All concrete surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the membrane and shall be damp when the membrane is applied. 7.2.4. The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining the
41、 methods prescribed in Sections 7.2.1 through 7.2.3 provided the required concrete compressive strength is attained. 8. ACCEPTANCE 8.1. Acceptance Procedures: 8.1.1. Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time of, or before, placing an order, acceptance procedures for precast reinforced con
42、crete manhole products shall be as specified in the Part II section for a particular product, and shall not be prohibited from consisting of one or more of the following: 8.1.1.1. Acceptance of a product on the basis of tests of materials, including concrete compressive strength and absorption; 8.1.
43、1.2. Acceptance of a product on the basis of inspection of the finished product, including amount and placement of reinforcement to determine conformance with the design prescribed under this specification, and freedom from defects. 8.2. Test Methods: 8.2.1. Concrete Compressive Strength Test: 2014
44、by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-6 AASHTO 8.2.1.1. Type of SpecimenCompression tests for satisfying the minimum specified concrete strength requirement shall be made on eithe
45、r concrete cylinders or, at the option of the manufacturer, on cores cut from the concrete manhole product. 8.2.1.2. Compression Testing of CylindersCylinders shall be made in accordance with T 280, and shall be tested in accordance with T 22. For manhole products, an owner shall not be prohibited f
46、rom requiring concrete compressive tests on cylinder specimens numbering in the amount of 5 percent of the total order of a manhole product, but not to exceed two cylinders for each days production. The average compressive strength of all cylinders tested shall be equal to or greater than the specif
47、ied strength of the concrete. Not more than 10 percent of the cylinders tested shall fall below the specified strength of the concrete. In no case shall any cylinder tested fall below 80 percent of the specified strength of the concrete. 8.2.1.3. Compression Testing of CoresCores shall be cut from t
48、he concrete manhole product and tested in accordance with T 280 except that the requirements for moisture conditioning shall not apply. One core shall be taken from a manhole product selected at random from each days production run of a single concrete strength. When the concrete compressive strengt
49、h of the core is equal to or greater than 80 percent of the specified strength of the concrete, the concrete strength of the production run is acceptable. If the core does not meet the preceding concrete strength requirement, another core from the same manhole product shall be taken and tested. 8.2.1.4. If the concrete compressive strength of the recore is equal to or greater than 80 percent of the specified strength of the concrete, the concrete strength of the production run is acceptable. If the rec
