1、Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage Pipe AASHTO Designation: M 252-09 (2012) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-4b M 252-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethyle
2、ne Drainage Pipe AASHTO Designation: M 252-09 (2012) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers the requirements and methods of test for corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe, couplings, and fittings for use in subsurface drainage systems, storm sewers, and in surface drainage (culverts), where soil suppor
3、t is given to the pipes flexible walls in all applications. 1.1.1. Nominal sizes of 75 to 250 mm (3 to 10 in.) are included. 1.1.2. Materials, dimensions, pipe stiffness, environmental stress-crack resistance, perforations, joining systems, and forms of marking are specified. Note 1When PE pipe is t
4、o be used in locations where the ends may be exposed, consideration should be given to combustibility of the PE and the deteriorating effects of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 1.2. UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the U.S. customary un
5、its are shown in parentheses, and may not be exact equivalents. 1.3. The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9.3 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the respon
6、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard: R 16, Regulatory Information for Chemicals Used in AASHTO Tests 2.2. ASTM Standards: D 618,
7、 Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D 883, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics D 1693, Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics D 2122, Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings D 2412, Standard Te
8、st Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading D 3350, Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials D 4218, Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffl
9、e-Furnace Technique F 405, Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings F 412, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applic
10、able law.TS-4b M 252-2 AASHTO 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. The terminology used in this standard is in accordance with the definitions given in ASTM D 883 and ASTM F 412 unless otherwise specified. 3.2. crackany break or split that extends through the wall. 3.3. creasean irrecoverable indentation; generally
11、associated with wall buckling. 3.4. reworked materiala plastic from a processors own production that has been reground, pelletized, or solvated after having been previously processed by molding, extrusion, etc. (ASTM D 883). 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. The corrugated PE pipe covered by this specification
12、 is classified as follows: 4.1.1. Type CThis pipe shall have a full circular cross section, with a corrugated surface both inside and outside. Corrugations may be either annular or helical. 4.1.1.1. Type CPThis pipe shall be Type C with Class 2 perforations. 4.1.2. Type SThis pipe shall have a full
13、circular cross section, with an outer corrugated pipe wall and a smooth inner liner. Corrugations may be either annular or helical. Type S pipe is not available in nominal sizes of less than 100 mm (4 in.). 4.1.2.1. Type SPThis pipe shall be Type S with either Class 1 or Class 2 perforations. 4.2. C
14、lass 1 and Class 2 perforations are as described in Sections 7.4.1 and 7.4.2. 5. ORDERING INFORMATION 5.1. Orders using this specification shall include the following information as necessary to adequately describe the desired product: 5.1.1. AASHTO designation and year of issue; 5.1.2. Type of pipe
15、 (Section 4.1); 5.1.3. Diameter and length required, either total length or length of each piece and number of pieces; Note 2Type C and CP pipe less than 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter may be supplied coiled; coiling of Type C and CP pipe 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter or greater is not recommended; Type S
16、and SP pipe is not supplied in coils. 5.1.4. Number of couplings; 5.1.5. For Type SP pipe, class of perforations (Class 2 is furnished if not specified) (Section 7.4); and 5.1.6. Certification, if desired (Section 12.1). 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
17、All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 252-3 AASHTO 6. MATERIALS 6.1. Basic Materials: 6.1.1. Extruded Pipe and Blow Molded FittingsPipe and fittings shall be made of virgin PE resin compounds meeting the requirements of ASTM D 3350 and cell classification 424420C,
18、 except that the carbon black content shall not exceed 5 percent. Resins that have higher cell classifications in one or more properties are acceptable provided product requirements are met. 6.1.2. Rotational Molded Fittings and CouplingsFittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE resins meeti
19、ng the requirements of ASTM D 3350 and cell classification 213320C, except that the carbon black content shall not exceed 5 percent. Resins that have higher cell classifications in one or more properties are acceptable provided product requirements are met. 6.1.3. Injection Molded Fittings and Coupl
20、ingsFittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE resins meeting the requirements of ASTM D 3350 and cell classification 314420C, except that the carbon black content shall not exceed 5 percent. Resins that have higher cell classifications in one or more properties are acceptable provided produc
21、t requirements are met. 6.2. Reworked MaterialIn lieu of virgin PE, clean reworked material may be used, provided that it meets the cell class requirements as described in Section 6.1. 7. REQUIREMENTS 7.1. WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be free of foreign inclusions and visible defects as de
22、fined herein. The ends of the pipe shall be cut squarely and cleanly so as not to adversely affect joining or connecting. 7.1.1. Visible DefectsCracks, creases, unpigmented or nonuniformly pigmented pipe are not permissible. 7.1.2. Inner LinerFor Type S and SP pipe, the inner liner shall be fused to
23、 the outer corrugated wall at all internal corrugation crests. 7.2. Pipe Dimensions: 7.2.1. Nominal SizeThe nominal size for the pipe and fittings is based on the nominal inside diameter of the pipe. Nominal diameters shall be sized for Type C and CP pipe in not less than 25-mm (1 in.) increments fr
24、om 75 to 250 mm (3 to 10 in.). Nominal sizes shall be sized for Type S and SP pipe in not less than 50-mm (2 in.) increments from 100 to 250 mm (4 to 10 in.). 7.2.2. Inner LinerFor Type S and SP pipe, the inner liner shall have a minimum thickness of 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) for pipe of 100 mm (4 in.) and
25、150 mm (6 in.) nominal size and a minimum thickness of 0.6 mm (0.025 in.) for pipe of 200 mm (8 in.) and 250 mm (10 in.) nominal size, when measured in accordance with Section 9.5.4. 7.2.3. Inside Diameter TolerancesThe tolerance on the specified inside diameter shall be +4.5, 1.5 percent when measu
26、red in accordance with Section 9.5.1. 7.2.4. LengthCorrugated PE pipe is an extruded product and may be sold in any length agreeable to the user. Lengths shall not be less than 99 percent of the stated quantity when measured in accordance with Section 9.5.2. 2014 by the American Association of State
27、 Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 252-4 AASHTO 7.3. Fitting and Coupling Dimensions: 7.3.1. The maximum allowable gap between fitting or coupling and pipe shall not exceed 3 mm (0.1 in.) unless otherwise specified. 7.3.2.
28、All fittings and couplings shall be within an overall length dimensional tolerance of 12 mm (0.5 in.) of the manufacturers specified dimensions. 7.4. PerforationsWhen perforated pipe is specified, the perforations shall conform to the requirements of Class 2, unless otherwise specified in the order.
29、 Class 1 perforations are for pipe intended to be used for subsurface drainage or combination storm and underdrain. Class 2 perforations are for pipe intended to be used for subsurface drainage only. The perforations shall be cleanly cut so as not to restrict the inflow of water. Where circular perf
30、orations are preferred, the drill shall not penetrate the side walls of the corrugations. Pipe connected by couplings or bands may be unperforated within 100 mm (4 in.) of each end of each length of pipe. Note 3Pipe ordered under Class 1 perforations has no requirement as to inlet area because it sp
31、ecifies size, number, and location of holes. Alternate perforation patterns should be agreed to between the purchaser and manufacturer. 7.4.1. Class 1 PerforationsThe perforations shall be approximately circular and shall have nominal diameters of not more than 5 mm (0.2 in.) for 100- and 150-mm (4-
32、 and 6-in.) diameter pipe and not greater than 10 mm (0.4 in.) for 200- and 250-mm (8- and 10-in.) diameter pipe. The holes shall be arranged in rows parallel to the axis of the pipe. The location of the perforations shall be in the valley of the outside corrugation and in each corrugation. The rows
33、 of perforations shall be arranged in two equal groups placed symmetrically on either side of the lower unperforated segment corresponding to the flow line of the pipe. The spacing of the rows shall be uniform. The distance of the centerlines of the uppermost rows above the bottom of the invert, and
34、 the inside chord lengths of the unperforated segments illustrated in Figure 1 shall be as specified in Table 1. All measurements shall be made in accordance with Section 9.5.3. Table 1Rows of Perforations, Height H of the Centerline of the Uppermost Rows above the Invert, and Chord Length L of Unpe
35、rforated Segment, for Class 1 Perforations Nominal Diameter, mm (in.) Rows of PerforationsaH, Max,b,mm (in.) L, Min,bmm (in.) 75 (3) 2 35 (1.4) 50 (2) 100 (4) 2 45 (1.75) 65 (2.5) 150 (6) 4 70 (2.75) 95 (3.75) 200 (8) 4 94 (3.7) 130 (5.1) 250 (10) 4 120 (4.7) 160 (6.3 aMinimum number of rows. A grea
36、ter number of rows for increased inlet area shall be subject to agreement between purchaser and manufacturer. Note that the number of perforations per meter in each row (and inlet area) is dependent on the corrugation pitch. bSee Figure 1 for location of dimensions H and L. 2014 by the American Asso
37、ciation of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 252-5 AASHTO Figure 1Requirements for Perforations 7.4.2. Class 2 PerforationsCircular and slotted perforations shall conform to the maximum dimensions as shown in Table 2.
38、 Perforations shall be placed in the outside valleys of the corrugations. The water inlet area shall be a minimum of 20 cm2/m (1 in.2/ft) of pipe. All measurements shall be made in accordance with Section 9.5.3. Table 2Maximum Perforation Dimensions Nominal Pipe Diameter, mm (in.) Drilled Hole Diame
39、ter, mm (in.) Slotted Holes Width, mm (in.) Length, mm (in.) 75 (3) 4.75 (0.19) 3 (0.12) 25 (1) 100 (4) 4.75 (0.19) 3 (0.12) 25 (1) 150 (6) 4.75 (0.19) 3 (0.12) 25 (1) 200 (8) 6.25 (0.25) 3 (0.12) 30 (1.2) 250 (10) 8.00 (0.3) 3 (0.12) 30 (1.2) 7.5. Pipe StiffnessType C pipe, as described in Section
40、4.1.1, shall have a minimum pipe stiffness (PS) of 240 kPa (35 psi) at 5 percent deflection; and Type S pipe, as described in Section 4.1.2, shall have a minimum PS of 340 kPa (50 psi) at 5 percent deflection when tested in accordance with Section 9.1. The pipe tested shall contain perforations, if
41、specified. 7.6. Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence of wall buckling, cracking, splitting, delamination, or decrease or downward deviation in the load-deflection curve when the pipe is tested in accordance with Section 9.2. 7.7. Environmental Stress CrackingThere shall be no cracking of the pi
42、pe when tested in accordance with Section 9.3. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 252-6 AASHTO 7.8. BrittlenessThere shall be no cracking of the pipe wall when tested in accordance w
43、ith Section 9.4 except as specified in Sections 7.8.1 and 7.8.2. Note 4The brittleness test is similar to that described in ASTM F 405. 7.8.1. Cracks with a maximum chord length of 10 mm (0.4 in.) that originate at a perforation or at either end of the sample shall not be cause for rejection. 7.8.2.
44、 Splitting along a seam or mold parting line is not caused by brittleness and should be evaluated as a workmanship defect as described in Section 7.1.1 if no split exceeds 50 mm (2 in.) in chord length. 7.9. Fitting and Coupling Requirements: 7.9.1. The fittings and couplings shall not reduce or imp
45、air the overall integrity or function of the pipe line. 7.9.2. Common corrugated fittings include reducers, tees, wyes, and end caps. Note 5Only fittings and couplings supplied or recommended by the pipe manufacturer should be used. 7.9.3. Fittings and couplings shall not reduce the inside diameter
46、of the pipe being joined by more than 5 percent of the nominal inside diameter. Reducer fittings shall not reduce the cross-sectional area of the smaller size. 7.9.4. Pipe connected by in-line couplers shall not separate when tested in accordance with Section 9.6.1. 7.9.5. The coupling shall not cra
47、ck or crease when tested in accordance with Section 9.6.2. 7.9.6. The design of the couplers shall be such that when connected with the pipe, the axis of the assembly will be level and true when tested in accordance with Section 9.6.3. 8. CONDITIONING 8.1. ConditioningCondition the specimen prior to
48、 test at 23 2C (73.4 3.6F) for not less than 24 hours in accordance with Procedure A in ASTM D 618 for those tests where conditioning is required, and unless otherwise specified. 8.2. ConditionsConduct the test in a laboratory temperature of 23 2C (73.4 3.6F) unless otherwise specified herein. 9. TE
49、ST METHODS 9.1. Pipe StiffnessSelect a pipe specimen and test for PS as described in ASTM D 2412, with the following exceptions. 9.1.1. The test specimen shall be 300 10 mm (12 0.4 in.) long, cut to include full corrugations. 9.1.2. Locate the specimen in the loading machine with an imaginary line connecting the two seams formed by the corrugation mold (end view) parallel to the loading plates. The specimen must lie flat on the plate within 1 mm (0.04 in.) and may be straightened by hand bending at room tem
