AASHTO T 331-2013 Standard Method of Test for Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) and Density of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method.pdf
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1、Standard Method of Test for Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) and Density of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method AASHTO Designation: T 331-131ASTM Designation: D6752/D6752M-11 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W.
2、, Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-2c T 331-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) and Density of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method AASHTO Designation: T 331-131ASTM Designation: D6752/D6752M-11 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method covers the det
3、ermination of bulk specific gravity (Gmb) of specimens of compacted hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. 1.2. This method should be used with samples that contain open or interconnecting voids and/or absorb more than 2.0 percent of water by volume, as determined by T 166. An agency may specify this metho
4、d as an alternative to T 275. 1.3. The bulk specific gravity (Gmb) of the compacted HMA may be used in calculating the unit mass of the mixture. 1.4. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This
5、standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
6、 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials T 166, Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens T 245, Resistance to Plastic Flow of Asphalt Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus T 275, Bulk Specific Gravity (Gm
7、b) of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using Paraffin-Coated Specimens T 312, Preparing and Determining the Density of Asphalt Mixture Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor 2.2. ASTM Standards: D6752/D6752M, Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bitu
8、minous Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method D7227/D7227M, Standard Practice for Rapid Drying of Compacted Asphalt Specimens Using Vacuum Drying Apparatus E1, Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Of
9、ficials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 331-2 AASHTO 2.3. Other Document: FHWA-IF-02-044, NCAT Report No. 02-11, Bulk Specific Gravity Round-Robin Using the CoreLokTMVacuum Sealing Device 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. bulk specific gravity (of soli
10、ds)the ratio of the mass in air of a unit volume of a permeable material (including both permeable and impermeable voids normal to the material) at a stated temperature to the mass in air of equal density of an equal volume of gas-free distilled water at a stated temperature. The form of the express
11、ion shall be: Bulk specific gravity at x/yC where: x = temperature of the material; and y = temperature of the water. 3.1.2. constant massshall be defined as the mass at which further drying does not alter the mass by more than 0.05 percent when the mass is determined at 2-h intervals. 4. TEST SPECI
12、MENS 4.1. Test specimens may be either laboratory-compacted HMA mixtures or sampled from HMA pavements. The mixtures may be surface or wearing course, binder or leveling course, or hot mix base. 4.2. Size of SpecimensSpecimens shall conform to the requirements of T 166. 4.3. Specimens shall be taken
13、 from pavements with a core drill, diamond or carborundum saw, or by other suitable means. 4.4. Care shall be taken to avoid distortion, bending, or cracking of specimens during and after the removal from the pavement or mold. Specimens shall be stored in a safe, cool place. 4.5. Specimens shall be
14、free from foreign materials such as seal coat, tack coat, foundation material, soil, paper, or foil. 4.6. If desired, specimens may be separated from other pavement layers by sawing or other suitable means. Care should be exercised to ensure sawing does not damage specimens. Jagged edges or sharp ag
15、gregates may puncture the plastic bag. Specimen ends or planar edges may require sawing if the bag does not conform to the specimen in a uniform manner. 5. APPARATUS 5.1. Bag CutterA knife, scissors, or other types of clipping devices may be used to quickly open bags. 5.2. OvenThe oven shall be capa
16、ble of maintaining the appropriate temperature for drying specimens to a constant mass. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 331-3 AASHTO 5.3. Weighing DeviceThe weighing device shall
17、have sufficient capacity, be readable to 0.1 percent of the sample mass or better, and conform to the requirements of M 231. The weighing device shall be equipped with a suitable suspension apparatus and holder to determine the mass of the specimen while suspended from the center of the scale pan of
18、 the weighing device. 5.4. Plastic BagsThe two most commonly used sizes of bags are designated as small and large size bags. The small bags shall have a minimum opening of 235 mm (9.25 in.) and a maximum opening of 260 mm (10.25 in.) with a mass of less than 35 g. The large bags shall have a minimum
19、 opening of 375 mm (14.75 in.) and a maximum opening of 394 mm (15.5 in.) with a mass of 35 g or more. The bags shall be made of a plastic material that will not adhere to asphalt film and shall be puncture-resistant, capable of withstanding sample temperatures of up to 70C (158F), impermeable to wa
20、ter, and contain no air channels for evacuation of air from the bag. The bags shall have a minimum thickness of 0.100 mm (0.004 in.) and a maximum thickness of 0.152 mm (0.006 in.). The manufacturer shall provide the bag correction factor (apparent specific gravity) of the bags (usually located in t
21、he operators manual). See the manufacturers recommendations to ensure proper handling of bags. 5.5. Specimen Sliding PlatesLevel and smooth-sided planar filler plates shall be inserted into the chamber to keep the samples of various heights level with the seal bar while being sealed. The plates shal
22、l be removable and of the appropriate dimensions to easily fit into the vacuum chamber. A smooth-sided specimen supporting plate shall easily slide on top of the smooth-sided plates. The opposite side of the smooth-sided specimen supporting plate shall have a cushioning membrane to help prevent tear
23、s in the plastic bag. The plate shall be large enough to fully support the specimen but small enough to allow movement during the sealing process. 5.6. Suspension ApparatusThe wire suspending the container shall be of the smallest practical size to minimize any possible effects of a variable immerse
24、d length. The suspension apparatus shall be constructed to enable the container to be immersed to a depth sufficient to cover it and the test sample during weighing. 5.7. ThermometerASTM 17C (17F), having a range of 19 to 27C (66 to 80F), graduated and conforming to ASTM E1. An electronic temperatur
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