AIAA G-003C-2010 Guide to Reference and Standard Atmosphere Models《参考大气和标准大气模型指南》.pdf
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1、 Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Guide AIAA G-003C-2010 (Revision of AIAA G-003B-2004) Guide to Refere
2、nce and Standard Atmosphere Models AIAA standards are copyrighted by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4344 USA. All rights reserved. AIAA grants you a license as follows: The right to download an electronic file of this AIAA s
3、tandard for storage on one computer for purposes of viewing, and/or printing one copy of the AIAA standard for individual use. Neither the electronic file nor the hard copy print may be reproduced in any way. In addition, the electronic file may not be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or
4、 otherwise. The hard copy print may only be distributed to other employees for their internal use within your organization. AIAA G-003C-2010 (Revision of G-003B-2004) Guide to Reference and Standard Atmosphere Models Sponsored by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Approved October 20
5、10 Abstract This standard provides guidelines for selected reference and standard atmospheric models for use in engineering design or scientific research. The guide describes the content of the models, uncertainties and limitations, technical basis, data bases from which the models are formed, publi
6、cation references, and sources of computer code where available for over seventy (70) Earth and planetary atmospheric models, for altitudes from surface to 4000 kilometers, which are generally recognized in the aerospace sciences. This standard is intended to assist aircraft and space vehicle design
7、ers and developers, geophysicists, meteorologists, and climatologists in understanding available models, comparing sources of data, and in-terpreting engineering and scientific results based on different atmospheric models. AIAA G-003C-2010 ii Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guide
8、 to reference and standard atmosphere models / sponsored by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ISBN 978-1-60086-784-2 (electronic) 1. Atmosphere, Upper-Mathematical models. 2. Standard atmosphere-Mathematical models. 3. Middle atmosphere-Mathematical models. 4. Thermosphere-Mathemat
9、ical models. I. Title: Guide to reference and standard atmosphere models. II. Title: At head of title: AIAA G-003C-2010 (Revision of G-003B-2004). III. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. IV. Title. QC2010 2010 Published by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alex
10、ander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191 Copyright 2010 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United
11、 States of America AIAA G-003C-2010 iii Contents Foreword . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Applicable Documents 1 3 Terms and Definitions . 1 Global Models 4 COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA), 1986 3 5 COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA), 2008 . .6 6 ISO Reference Atmospheres for Aerospa
12、ce Use, 1982 . 7 7 ISO Standard Atmosphere, 1975 10 8 NASA/GSFC Monthly Mean Global Climatology of Temperature, Wind, Geopotential Height, and Pressure for 0120 km, 1988 12 9 NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmosphere Model (GRAM-99), 1999 . 15 10 NASA/MSFC Earth Global Reference Atmosphere Model (Earth-
13、GRAM), 2007 . 19 11 U. S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 25 12 U. S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, 1966 27 13 U. S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 29 14 International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), 2007 . 32 15 Exospheric Hydrogen Model, 1994 . 34 16 SHARC/SAMM Atmosphere Generator, SAG-2, 2003 . 35 Regional
14、Models 17 Proposed International Tropical Reference Atmosphere, 1987 (India) 38 18 Reference Atmosphere for Indian Equatorial Zone From Surface to 80 km, 1985 (India) . 40 19 Reference Model of the Middle Atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere, 1987 (Soviet Union) 42 20 China National Standard Atmosp
15、here, 1980 44 Middle Atmosphere Models 21 ISO Middle Atmosphere-Global Model at Altitudes Between 30 km and 120 km, and Wind Model at Altitudes Above 30 km, 1996 . 45 22 A New Reference Middle Atmosphere Program Model Atmosphere, 1985 47 23 AFGL Atmospheric Constituent Profiles, 1986 49 24 AFGL Extr
16、eme Envelopes of Climate Elements up to 80 km, 1973 . 52 25 AFGL Profiles of Temperature and Density Based on 1- and 10-Percent Extremes in the Stratosphere and Troposphere, 1984 . 54 AIAA G-003C-2010 iv 26 AFGL Global Reference Atmosphere from 18 to 80 km, 1985 . 56 27 Extensions to the CIRA Refere
17、nce Models for Middle Atmosphere Ozone, 1993 . 58 28 Update to the Stratospheric Nitric Acid Reference Atmosphere, 1998 . 59 29 Reference Atmosphere for the Atomic Sodium Layer, CIRA 2008 . 60 Thermosphere Models 30 Drag Temperature Model (DTM)-2000 Thermospheric Model, 2001 (France) 62 31 Earths Up
18、per Atmosphere Density Model for Ballistics Support of Flight of Artificial Satellites, 1985 (Russia) . 64 32 Russian Earths Upper Atmosphere Density Model for Ballistic Support of the Flight of Artificial Earth Satellites, 2004 . 66 33 Jacchia J70 Static Models of the Thermosphere and Exosphere Wit
19、h Empirical Temperature Profiles, 1970 69 34 Jacchia J71 Static Models of the Thermosphere and Exosphere With Empirical Temperature Profiles, 1971. . 71 35 Jacchia J77 Thermospheric Temperature, Density, and Composition: New Models, 1977 . 73 36 Jacchia-Bowman 2006 Empirical Thermospheric Density Mo
20、del, 2006 . 75 37 Jacchia-Bowman 2008 Empirical Thermospheric Density Model, 2008 . 79 38 NASA Marshall Engineering Thermosphere Model-Version 2.0 (MET 2.0), 2002 . 87 39 NASA Marshall Engineering Thermosphere Model-Version 2007 (MET-2007), 2007 . 88 40 AFGL Model of Atmospheric Structure, 70 to 130
21、 km, 1987 91 41 NRLMSISE-00 Thermospheric Model, 2000 93 42 U.S. Air Force High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM), 2004 . 96 43 Direct Density Correction Method (DDCM), 2007 (Russia) 99 44 Horizontal Wind Model (HWM), 1993 . 104 Range Models 45 Twenty-Two Range Reference Atmospheres (RRA), 2006
22、106 46 A Reference Atmosphere for Edwards AFB, California, Annual, 1975 . 110 47 Hot and Cold Reference Atmospheres for Edwards AFB, California, Annual, 1975 112 48 Hot and Cold Reference Atmospheres for Kennedy Space Center, Florida, Annual, 1971 . 114 49 A Reference Atmosphere for Patrick AFB, Flo
23、rida, Annual, 1963 . 116 50 A Reference Atmosphere for Vandenberg AFB, California, Annual, 1971 . 118 51 Hot and Cold Reference Atmospheres for Vandenberg AFB California, Annual, 1973 119 Planetary Models 52 NASA/MSFC Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM), 2001 . 121 AIAA G-003C-2010 v
24、 53 NASA/MSFC Neptune Global Reference Atmosphere Model (Neptune-GRAM), 2003 . 124 54 NASA/MSFC Titan Global Reference Atmosphere Model (Titan-GRAM), 2003 126 56 NASA/MSFC Venus Global Reference Atmosphere Model (Venus-Gram), 2003 . 128 56 Venus International Reference Atmosphere (VIRA)Structure and
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