1、The Authoritative Resource on Safe WaterSMANSI/AWWA C903-05(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C903-02)AWWA StandardEffective date: Sept. 1, 2005.First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 23, 1991.This edition approved June 12, 2005.Approved by American National Standards Institute Mar. 23, 2005.Pol
2、yethyleneAluminumPolyethylene (212) 642-4900.Science and TechnologyAWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technologicalknowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance publichealth and
3、 safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system,
4、except in the form of briefexcerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2005 by American Water Works AssociationPrinted in USACopyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institu
5、te: May 21, 2002.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiiCommittee PersonnelThe AWWA Standards Committee on Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and Fittings, whichreviewed and approve
6、d this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:Michael G. Boyle, ChairGeneral Interest MembersJ.P. Castronovo, CH2M Hill, Gainesville, Fla. (AWWA)K.C. Choquette, Iowa Department of Public Health, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA)D.E. Duvall, Engineering Systems Inc., Aurora, Ill. (AWWA)M
7、.L. Magnant, Iowa Department of Public Health, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA)S.A. Mruk, New Providence, N.J. (PPI)J.R. Paschal, Bodycote Polymer-Broutman Laboratory, Ypsilanti, Mich. (AWWA)J.R. Peters, M.D. Wessler theirsolutions require specialized knowledge.Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association
8、, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-xThe wave velocity and surge pressure that result
9、 from abrupt changes in thevelocity of a column of water moving through a restrained pipe may be calculatedusing the following formulas:Where:a = wave velocity, in ft/sec (m/sec)K = bulk modulus of water 294,000 lb/in.2(2,100 MPa) = density of water 1,000 lb/in.3(kg/m3)d = internal diameter, in. (mm
10、)t = equivalent thickness of polyethylene, in. (mm)tPEi= inner polyethylene layer thickness, in. (mm)EAL= elastic modulus of aluminum, 4.20 106psi (30,000 MPa)EPE= elastic modulus of polyethylene, 150,000 psi (1,047 MPa)EPEX= elastic modulus of cross-linked polyethylene, 150,000 psi*(1,047 MPa)tAL=
11、aluminum layer thickness, in. (mm)tPEo= outer polyethylene layer thickness, in. (mm)Ps= surge pressure, psig (kPa)vo= change in flow velocity, in ft/sec (m/sec)Table F.1 shows surge pressures resulting from an instantaneous change invelocity of 1 ft/sec (0.3048 m/sec), as calculated from the earlier
12、 equations. Theanticipated surge and the instantaneous change in velocity are directly related;therefore, the surge resulting from higher velocity changes is a multiple of the valuesgiven in this table (i.e., the surge anticipated at a velocity of 5 ft/sec 1.524 m/sec isfive times the value at 1 ft/
13、sec 0.3048 m/sec).*If calculating surge pressure in PEX-AL-PEX service lines, use EPEXinstead of EPE.aK 1 Kd()tEPE()+-=ttPEiEALEPE()tALtPEo+=Psvoa=Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.Copyright American W
14、ater Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-xiII.A.3. Temperature effects. The pressure rating of PR 200 for pipes in ANSI/AWWA C903 is based on water temperatures of 73.4F (23C). For elevatedtempera
15、tures, Table 7 details pressure ratings for pipes, 180F (82C), and 200F(93C).These pressure ratings are obtained by multiplying the pressure design basis(PDB) by a 0.5 design factor, recommended by the Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI),*inkeeping with PPI TR-3 and listed in PPI TR-4 for composite “multi
16、layer” pipe.II.B. External Loads.II.B.1. Earth loads. For properly installed small-diameter conduit, the effectsof distributed earth loads can usually be disregarded.II.B.2. Live loads. Pipe should be installed to preclude construction loads andsubsequent traffic loads. If the installation is to be
17、subjected to surface traffic, aminimum cover of 12 in. (30.5 cm) should be provided, and trench backfill in thepipe zone should be compacted to at least 90 percent of the laboratory maximumdensity of the backfill soil, as determined in accordance with ASTM D698. SectionII.C.4 of this Foreword provid
18、es further detail.Table F.1 Calculated surge pressures for an instantaneous change in velocity of 1 ft/sec (0.3048 m/sec) in PEALPE or PEXALPEX pipePipe Diameter Surge Pressurein. (ID/OD mm) psig (kPa)11/2 (12 / 16) 29.6 (205.4)15/8 (16 / 20) 29.0 (201.7)13/4 (20 / 25) 26.5 (184.3)11/2 (25 / 32) 25.
19、0 (173.8)11/4 (32 / 40) 23.3 (161.8)11/2 (41 / 50) 22.2 (154.2)21/2 (51 / 63) 19.5 (135.4)NOTE: Metric nominal pipe size is described by a four-digit numbering system. The first two digitsrepresent nominal inside diameter (ID) in mm. The last two digits represent nominal outside diameter(OD) in mm.
20、As an example, nominal pipe size 12/16 has nominal ID of 12 mm and nominal ODof 16 mm.*Plastics Pipe Institute, 1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 680, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21,
21、 2002.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-xiiII.B.3. Concentrated loads. Pipe installations should be designed and con-structed to preclude localized concentrated loadings
22、, such as point contact withstones; the effect of differential earth settlement, particularly at points of connectionwith rigidly anchored fittings; and excessive bending caused by installationconfiguration, especially fittings.II.C. Installation.II.C.1. Storage and handling. PEALPE and PEXALPEX pip
23、e should bestored in a way that prevents damage caused by crushing, abrasion, piercing, excessiveheat, harmful chemicals, or exposure to sunlight for prolonged periods. Themanufacturers recommendations regarding storage should be followed.PEALPE pipe and PEXALPEX pipe are not subject to breakage dur
24、ingnormal handling. However, they are subject to damage by hard objects with a cuttingedge. Therefore, handling operations, trench installation, and backfill should beperformed with reasonable care to prevent scratches, nicks, and gouges in theconduit.Practices such as dragging coils of pipe over ro
25、ugh ground and installing bypulling through auger or bore holes containing sharp-edged material should beavoided to prevent damage by excessive abrasion and cutting. If pipe is cut to a depthexposing the aluminum core, the damaged portion should be removed, discarded,and replaced. If pipe becomes ou
26、t of round from mishandling or bending, the sectionmay be rerounded as per manufacturers instructions. Kinked pipe sections should beremoved, discarded, and replaced.II.C.2. Bending. Bends in PEALPE and PEXALPEX pipe should not bepermitted to occur closer than 10 diameters from any fitting or valve.
27、 Therecommended minimum radius of curvature shall be as shown in Table F.2. Careshould be taken to ensure that kinking does not develop either during or afterinstallation. The manufacturers instructions and recommendations for bending pipeshould be followed.II.C.3. Joining methods and fittings. Fitt
28、ings used in service line applicationsshould be insert types, complying with the material and performance requirements ofANSI/AWWA C800 and the manufacturers requirements for dimensions andtolerances. The use of fittings that are not covered by a recognized standard is subjectto the judgment and dis
29、cretion of the purchaser. Each fitting should be qualifiedbefore use by investigation and by tests when necessary to determine that the fittingis suitable and safe for the intended service.Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards In
30、stitute: May 21, 2002.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-xiiiII.C.4. Embedment of pipe. In underground installations, PEALPE andPEXALPEX pipe should be installed in trenc
31、h bottoms that provide continuoussupport and are uniform and free from rocks, stones, and debris (reference ASTMD2774). The initial backfill material, from 3 in. (7.6 cm) below the pipeline to 46in. (10.2 cm15.2 cm) above the pipe, should be as permitted in ASTM D2774.Excavated trench material may b
32、e used if it meets the requirements of ASTMD2774. In order to prevent freezing in water lines, pipe should be installed below thefrost line.II.C.5. Under-slab installation. PE-AL-PE and PEX-AL-PEX may be installedunder a concrete slab.II.C.6. Testing. The installation should be tested for leakage in
33、 accordancewith the applicable code or engineering standard prior to acceptance by the owner.II.D. Water system disinfection. PEALPE and PEXALPEX pipe should bedisinfected in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C651, Standard for Disinfecting WaterMains. After disinfecting, the system should be purged, includ
34、ing isolated or stagnantservice lines.II.E. Squeeze-off. The use of squeeze-off techniques for emergency shutoffshould be performed only with tools and methods as recommended by the pipemanufacturer.Table F.2 Minimum bending radius for PEALPE and PEXALPEX pipeNominal Pipe Size Minimum Bending Radius
35、*in. (ID/OD mm) psig (kPa)11/2 (12 / 16) 3.2 (80)15/8 (16 / 20) 4.0 (100)13/4 (20 / 25) 5.0 (125)11/2 (25 / 32) 6.3 (160)11/4 (32 / 40) 7.5 (190)11/2 (41 / 50) 8.8 (225)21/2 (51 / 63) 11.6 (295)NOTE: Metric nominal pipe size is described by a four-digit numbering system. The first two digitsrepresen
36、t nominal ID in mm. The last two digits represent nominal OD in mm. As an example,nominal pipe size 12/16 has nominal ID of 12 mm and nominal OD of 16 mm.*Manufacturers recommendations, procedures, and equipment should be used to achieve at leastthe minimum bending radii shown in Table F.2.Copyright
37、 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-xivII.F. Re
38、ferences. The latest edition of the following documents are incorpo-rated by reference in the Foreword to the extent specified. In any case of conflict, theprovisions of the Foreword should prevail. These references are provided forinformation only and are not a part of ANSI/AWWA C903.ANSI/AWWA C651
39、Disinfecting Water Mains.ANSI/AWWA C800Underground Service Line Valves and Fittings.ASTM*D698Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteris-tics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3600 kN-m/m3).ASTM D2774Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pressur
40、e Piping.ASTM F1281Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) Pressure Pipe.ASTM F1282Standard Specification for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene(PE-AL-PE) Composite Pressure Pipe. PPI TR-3/2004Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostat
41、ic Design Bases(HDB), Pressure Design Bases (PDB), Strength Design Bases (SDB), and MinimumRequired Strengths (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe.PPI TR-4/2004PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design Bases (HDB), StrengthDesign Bases (SDB), Pressure Design Bases (PDB) and Minimum Requi
42、red Strength(MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe.III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWAstandard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for usein the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser optio
43、ns and alternatives. The following items should be pro-vided by the purchaser:1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA C903, Standard for PolyethyleneAluminumPolyethylene and, as uniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, density, andother physical properties. Surfaces of the pipe shall be free
44、from scratches and gouges.4.3.2 Degree of cross-linking for PEXALPEX pipe. The gel content (asdefined in ASTM D2765) of the inner and outer layers of cross-linked PE shall be atleast 60 percent for radiation cross-linked PE, and at least 65 percent for PEcross-linked by the silane method. Testing sh
45、all be in accordance with ASTM F1281.4.3.3 Dimensions and tolerances. Pipe shall conform to the applicable dimen-sion requirements specified in Table 3 and Table 4.Table 3 Outside diameters, aluminum thickness, and tolerancesNominal Pipe Size Minimum Outside Diameter and ToleranceMaximum Out-of-Roun
46、dness*Minimum Aluminum Thickness and Tol e rancein.(ID/OD mm)in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in (mm) in. (mm)11/2 (12/16) 0.630 (16.00) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.016 (0.4) 0.007 (0.18) +0.0035 (+0.09)15/8 (16/20) 0.787 (20.00) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.020 (0.5) 0.009 (0.23) +0.0035 (+0.09)13/4 (20 /25) 0.984 (25.00) +0.0
47、12 (+0.30) 0.020 (0.5) 0.009 (0.23) +0.0035 (+0.09)11/2 (25/32) 1.260 (32.00) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.020 (0.5) 0.011 (0.28) +0.0035 (+0.09)11/4 (32/40) 1.579 (40.10) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.020 (0.5) 0.013 (0.33) +0.0024 (+0.06)11/2 (41/50) 1.972 (50.10) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.020 (0.5) 0.018 (0.47) +0.0024 (+0.06)21/
48、2 (51/63) 2.484 (63.10) +0.016 (+0.40) 0.020 (0.5) 0.022 (0.57) +0.0024 (+0.06)NOTE: Metric nominal pipe size is described by a four-digit numbering system. The first two digits represent nominal ID in mm. Thelast two digits represent nominal OD in mm. As an example, nominal pipe size 12/16 has nomi
49、nal ID of 12 mm and nominal ODof 16 mm.*The out-of-roundness specification applies only to tubing prior to coiling.Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWANot
