ANSI NSF 3-A SSI 14159-1-2014 Hygiene Requirements for the Design of Meat and Poultry Processing Equipment.pdf
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1、 *0!.*0%+*(0* . %)!.%*0%+*(0* . %! 0* . NSF/ANSI $2 “%“ materials classified as hazardous substances (such as carcinogens, mutagens and teratogens); asbestos and asbestos containing materials; wood; enamelware; porcelain; leather; uncoated aluminum and aluminum alloys; and uncoated anodized aluminum
2、 and aluminum alloys.4.2 Product contact surfacesIn addition to the general requirements (see 4.1), materials used for product contact surfaces shall: be corrosion resistant to both product and cleaning/sanitization materials; be non-toxic; not contaminate or otherwise have any adverse effect on the
3、 product; be non-absorbent (except where technically or functionally unavoidable); and be temperature resistant to processing and heat treatments where necessary (e.g., freezing, heat-sterilization). 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI/3-A SSI 14159-1 201454.2.1 Metals4.2.1.1 Product contact surfaces shall be: AISI 3
4、00 series stainless steel; or of stainless steel of a type appropriate for the application; or when necessary, stainless steel that has been hardened by heat treatment or precipitation hardening, including martensitic stainless steel; or other alloys that can be shown to be as corrosion resistant as
5、 austenitic stainless steel and are non-absorbent and non-toxic (see chart in Annex D); or other metals and metal alloys (including solder) suitable for the conditions of intended use; or carbon steel when used for cutting surfaces; or black iron pipe when used for the processing, storage, and trans
6、portation of fully rendered vegetable and animal fats.4.2.1.2 Copper and copper alloys, bronze, brass, and zinc galvanizing shall not be used for product contact surfaces. These materials may be used in supply air and supply water lines or for gears and bushings used in non-product contact surfaces.
7、 Brass is acceptable for potable water systems.4.2.1.3 Surface coatings and platings may be used if the base material is non-toxic. Coatings shall meet the requirements of 4.2.2.4.2.2 Non-metalsProduct contact surfaces shall be manufactured from or composed of substances that: may not reasonably be
8、expected to result, directly or indirectly, in their becoming a component of food or otherwise affecting the characteristics of food, including the imparting of a color, taste, or odor to food; or are generally recognized as safe or have received prior sanction for their intended use; or are regulat
9、ed as indirect food additives under the provisions of 21 CFR, parts 174-189; or are exempt from regulation as food additives under the provisions of the 21 CFR, part 170.39; or can be demonstrated to be safe for the intended use, subject to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Section 409(h)(1) 21 U.S.
10、C. 348(h)(1), Premarket Notification.4.2.2.1 Elastomers and polymers having product contact surfaces shall be of such composition as to retain their surface and conformational characteristics when exposed to the conditions encountered in the environment of intended use and in cleaning and sanitizati
11、on or sterilization.4.2.2.2 Adhesives and the bonds created by their use shall be compatible with the surfaces, products, and cleaning/sanitizing materials in which they are in contact. All bonds shall be continuous and mechanically sound so that the adhesives do not separate from the base materials
12、 to which they are bonded.4.2.2.3 Where materials having certain inherent functional purposes are required for specific application, product contact surfaces may be made of these materials (e.g., carbon, sapphire, quartz, fluorspar, spinel, 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI/3-A SSI 14159-1 20146ceramic materials).4
13、.2.2.4 Product contact surfaces may be modified by surface treatment or coating(s).4.2.2.5 Gaskets, O-rings, etc., shall be non-toxic, non-porous, non-absorbent, and unaffected by food products. 4.2.2.6 Absorbent fabric may only be used for single use applications, e.g., single service filters.4.3 N
14、on-product contact surfacesIn addition to the general requirements (see 4.1), materials used for non-product contact surfaces under the conditions of intended use, shall: be of corrosion resistant material or material that is treated (e.g., coating, painting) so as to be corrosion resistant to both
15、product and cleaning/sanitizing materials. When coated, the coating shall adhere; be non-absorbent (except where allowed under 4.2.2.6); and not contaminate or otherwise have any adverse effect on the product.Parts removable for cleaning having both product contact and non-product contact surfaces s
16、hall be designed to ensure that hygiene risks are eliminated in accordance with the requirements for product contact surfaces.5 Design and construction5.1 Product contact surfaces5.1.1 Surface textureSurfaces shall be free of imperfections such as pits, folds, cracks, and crevices. Surface textures
17、shall have a maximum Ra of 32 in (0.81 m). When necessary, due to functional needs, the following may be used: Glass-beaded or shot-peened surfaces shall have a maximum Ra of 125 in (3.2 m). Coatings shall have a maximum Ra of 200 in (5.0 m). Machined plastics shall have a maximum Ra of 125 in (3.2
18、m). Black iron pipe used for the processing and transport of fully rendered fats is exempt from surface texture requirements.NOTE The 2B mill finish on stainless steel sheet is also considered as smooth or smoother than a No. 4 finish. No further finishing is required if the finish is free of defect
19、s, such as pits, scratches, chips, or flakes in the final fabricated form. 5.1.2 Cleaning and inspectionSurfaces shall be cleanable. For equipment intended to be disassembled, the design shall ensure that product contact surfaces be easily accessible for cleaning and inspection, and the demountable
20、parts shall be easily removable. Alternatively, equipment designed to be cleaned in place shall be designed so that product contact surfaces and all non-removed appurtenances thereto can be mechanically cleaned and are easily 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI/3-A SSI 14159-1 20147accessible and easily removable for
21、 inspection.5.1.3 Sanitization and sterilizationWhere appropriate, equipment shall be designed such that all product contact surfaces can attain the required sanitization or sterilization conditions.5.1.4 Microbial ingressWhere appropriate (e.g., aseptic process), equipment shall be designed to prev
22、ent microorganisms migrating from the external environment onto product contact surfaces, either directly or via soils.5.1.5 DrainingSurfaces of equipment intended to drain shall be self draining or be drainable (see figures B.1 and B.2).5.1.6 Dead spacesThere shall be no dead spaces (see figure B.3
23、).5.1.7 Joints5.1.7.1 Permanent metal-to-metal joints shall be continuously welded. Jointed surfaces shall be flush (see figure B.4).5.1.7.2 Dismountable joints shall be flush and sealed at the product contact surface (see figure B.5).5.1.7.3 Only in cases where welding or bonding is impractical, si
24、lver soldering, press fitting or shrink fitting may be employed where necessary for essential functional reasons.5.1.7.4 Silver-bearing solder may be used for flushing joints and producing fillets for minimum radii requirements. In cases where welding is impractical, silver-bearing solder may be use
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