1、*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-31 05 22 (August 2008)-Preparing Activity: USACE (CW) SupersedingUFGS-31 05 22 (April 2006)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated July 2008*SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTSDIVISION 31 - EARTHWORKSECTION 31 05 22GEOTEXTILES USE
2、D AS FILTERS08/08PART 1 GENERAL1.1 UNIT PRICES1.1.1 Payment1.1.2 Measurement1.1.3 Unit of Measure1.2 REFERENCES1.3 SUBMITTALS1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLINGPART 2 PRODUCTS2.1 MATERIALS2.1.1 Geotextile2.1.1.1 General2.1.1.2 Geotextile Fiber2.1.2 Seams2.1.3 Securing Pins2.2 INSPECTIONS, VERIFICATI
3、ONS, AND TESTING2.2.1 Manufacturing and Sampling2.2.2 Site Verification and TestingPART 3 EXECUTION3.1 SURFACE PREPARATION3.2 INSTALLATION OF THE GEOTEXTILE3.2.1 General3.2.2 Placement3.3 PROTECTION3.4 PLACEMENT OF CUSHIONING MATERIAL3.5 OVERLAPPING AND SEAMING3.5.1 Overlapping3.5.2 Sewn Seams3.6 FI
4、ELD TESTING- End of Section Table of Contents -SECTION 31 05 22 Page 1Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SECTION 31 05 22 Page 2Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*USACE / NA
5、VFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-31 05 22 (August 2008)-Preparing Activity: USACE (CW) SupersedingUFGS-31 05 22 (April 2006)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated July 2008*SECTION 31 05 22GEOTEXTILES USED AS FILTERS08/08*NOTE: This guide specification covers the
6、 requirements for furnishing, hauling, and placing the geotextile, complete, as specified and shown, and maintaining the geotextile until placement of the granular filter material, bedding material, and/or riprap cover is completed and accepted.Edit this guide specification for project specific requ
7、irements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information.Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not brackets are present.Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welco
8、me and should be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is on the Internet.Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR).*PART 1 GENERAL*NOTE: T
9、his guide specification is to facilitate the preparation and review of specifications for procurement and installation of woven and nonwoven geotextiles as filter material. It is based on field performance and the laboratory testing of a limited number of geotextiles. Geotextiles possess greatly var
10、ying engineering properties and physical characteristics. Such variations require the designer to decide which testing method and what test criteria are necessary for each application. The apparent opening size (AOS), percent open area SECTION 31 05 22 Page 3Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduct
11、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(POA), geotextile permeability (Kg), and strength test described in the specifications that follow are physical property tests. While it is acceptable to specify minimum thickness value where it governs performance, it is inappropriate to use
12、thickness to identify a geotextile. Result of these tests are used to judge the acceptability of a geotextile for a particular use. Prospective geotextile suppliers should furnish these test results before their geotextile will be considered for use, or before contract specifications are adjusted to
13、 permit the use of geotextiles whose properties are outside the limits imposed by this guide. For severe soil conditions and/or for a project using a large amount of geotextiles, the specifications should require that the applicable tests be run during construction, either at a specific frequency or
14、 upon demand of the Contracting Officer. For projects requiring small amounts of geotextiles under normal soil conditions the physical properties of the geotextile supported by written authentication from an authorized representative of the manufacturers may be accepted.The actual life of geotextile
15、s is not known, and their use in inaccessible areas must be considered carefully. Therefore geotextiles should not be used as filter material in toe drains, buried collector system, relief wells, or within any portions of embankments. Caution is advised in using geotextiles on the upstream face of e
16、arth dams or to wrap permanent piezometers.Geotextiles are basically inert materials for typical civil engineering applications. However certain applications may expose the geotextile to chemical or biological activities that could drastically influence the filtration properties of the geotextile. S
17、pecific site conditions should be reviewed, and if such conditions exist, testing and specifications should be written to overcome it.Geotextile strength requirements vary with intended use and construction procedures. Experience has shown that when a heavier non-woven geotextile is used, the beddin
18、g material can often be reduced in thickness or be completely eliminated. TABLE I in SI (ENGLISH) UNITS (1) presents the most important geotextile strength properties. It should be noted that the strength requirements listed are only a guideline to the minimum values required for survivability. Spec
19、ific applications may require additional testing.Filter design criteria for geotextiles are based on the apparent opening size (AOS, which is designated as EOS in the previous guide specification), percent open area (POA, for woven only), geotextile permeability (Kg), and an appropriate percent SECT
20、ION 31 05 22 Page 4Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-passing size of the soil. For piping analysis computations, AOS must be expressed as an equivalent U.S. standard sieve opening in millimeters. To assure adequate resistance to reducti
21、on in permeability over time (clogging) and sufficient long term flow through the soil/woven geotextile system, POA criteria, as expressed in the next note, can be used.=TABLE I RECOMMENDED GEOTEXTILE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS IN METRIC UNITS (1)-GEOTEXTILE | STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS (MINIMUM VALUES) USE |
22、-| ASTM D | ASTM D 4355 | ASTM D | ASTM D | 4632 | ULTRAVIOLET | 4833 | 4533 | TENSILE | DEGRADATION | PUNCTURE | TEAR | (N) | AT 500 HRS | (N) | (N) | | PERCENT | | |-RIPRAP SLOPE | | | | |PROTECTION | | | | |FILTER WITH | | | | |GREATER THAN | 515 | 50 | 180 | 180 |102 mm | | | | |BEDDING | | | |
23、|-RIPRAP SLOPE | | | | |PROTECTION | | | | |WITHOUT | 900 | 50 | 360 | 180 |BEDDING | | | | |-DRAINAGE | 515 | 50 | 180 | 110 |TRENCH | | | | |-SLAB | 515 | 50 | 180 | 110 |DRAIN | | | | |-ARTICULATED | | | | |MATTRESS OR | | | | |INTERLOCKING | 515 | 50 | 180 | 180 |BLOCK SLOPE | | | | |PROTECTION
24、| | | | |FILTER | | | | |-(1) Strength values are for the weaker principal direction.=TABLE I RECOMMENDED GEOTEXTILE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS IN ENGLISH UNITS (1)-GEOTEXTILE | STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS (MINIMUM VALUES) USE |-| ASTM D | ASTM D 4355 | ASTM D | ASTM D | 4632 | ULTRAVIOLET | 4833 | 4533 | TENS
25、ILE | DEGRADATION | PUNCTURE | TEAR |SECTION 31 05 22 Page 5Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-| (lbs) | AT 500 HRS | (lbs) | (lbs) | | PERCENT | | |-RIPRAP SLOPE | | | | |PROTECTION | | | | |FILTER WITH | | | | |GREATER THAN | 115 | 50
26、| 40 | 40 |4 INCHES | | | | |BEDDING | | | | |-RIPRAP SLOPE | | | | |PROTECTION | | | | |WITHOUT | 200 | 50 | 80 | 40 |BEDDING | | | | |-DRAINAGE | | | | |TRENCH | 115 | 50 | 40 | 25 |-SLAB | | 50 | 40 | 25 |DRAIN | 115 | 50 | 40 | 25 |-ARTICULATED | | | | |MATTRESS OR | | | | |INTERLOCKING | 115 |
27、50 | 40 | 40 |BLOCK SLOPE | | | | |PROTECTION | | | | |FILTER | | | | |-(1) Strength values are for the weaker principal direction.The designer must specify geotextile properties which will allow retention of the soil being protected, permit sufficient flow through the textile, and prevent clogging.
28、 The designer should select the AOS, POA, and Kg, based on criteria in TABLE II. The AOS requirement should be specified as a range, to allow for manufacturing tolerance. It is preferable to specify a geotextile with opening as large as allowed by the design criteria. The smallest sieve opening size
29、 of the AOS range should not be smaller than the U.S. Standard sieve size No. 120 (0.125 mm).TABLE II GEOTEXTILE FILTER DESIGN CRITERIA PROTECTED SOIL (1) COEFFICIENT OF(PERCENT PASSING SOIL (2) PERMEABILITY (3)NO. 200 SIEVE) PIPING WOVEN NON-WOVEN 5 095/D85 1 POA 10% Kg 5Ks5 TO 50 095/D85 1 POA 4%
30、Kg 5Ks 50 TO 85 095/D85 1 POA 4% Kg 5Ks 095 0.212 mm (No. 70 U.S. sieve) SECTION 31 05 22 Page 6Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE II GEOTEXTILE FILTER DESIGN CRITERIA PROTECTED SOIL (1) COEFFICIENT OF(PERCENT PASSING SOIL (2) PERM
31、EABILITY (3)NO. 200 SIEVE) PIPING WOVEN NON-WOVEN95/D85 1 Kg 5Ks 095 0.125 (No. 120 U.S. sieve) (1) Recent experiences have indicated that 095(i.e. AOS) increased with increasing relative density, Dr, and it is higher for uniform soilthan well graded soil of similar density and average particle size
32、.(2) If the protected soil contains appreciable quantities of materialretained on the No. 4 U.S. sieve use only the soil passing the No. 4 U.S.sieve in selecting the 095of the geotextile.(3) Kg is the permeability of the geotextile and Ks is the permeability of the protected soil.Satisfactory geotex
33、tile performance is greatly dependent on the field preparation of the surface of the protected soil and the installation procedure.The following information is related to TABLE 1. Geotextile calculations should be based on procedure from an accepted reference. Worst placement conditions should be co
34、nsidered since stresses generated during installation often exceed post construction stresses.(1) The requirement of permittivity (as defined in ASTM D 4491) should be chosen in such a manner that the permeability of the geotextile should always be at least five times greater than the permeability o
35、f the adjacent soil during the life of the protected earth structure.(2) The minimum seam strength listed in TABLE 1 is based on the tensile strength of the parent geotextile material. Seam strength can also be considered as not less than 90 percent of the unaged grab tensile strength of the geotext
36、ile in the applicable direction.NOTE: TO DOWNLOAD UFGS GRAPHICSFigures described below are available on-line for download. Go to http:/www.wbdg.org/ccb/NAVGRAPH/graphtoc.pdf.Figure 1. Correct geotextile placement for current acting parallel to bank or for wave attack on the bank.SECTION 31 05 22 Pag
37、e 7Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Figure 2. Placement of geotextile on bank subject to streamflow action. Revetment materials have not yet been placed on the geotextile.Figure 3. Geotextile on bank subject to wave attack showing plac
38、ement of vertical-wall key trench at toe and top bank. Revetment materials have not yet been placed on geotextile.Figure 4. Key trench design used when soil conditions do not permit construction of vertical walls.The Designer must comply with the requirements of the following Regulatory Requirements
39、:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR, BUREAU OF RECLAMATION - 7-2071 (6-48), (1992) Design Standard No. 13, “Embankment Dams“, Chapter 19, “Geotextile“U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR, BUREAU OF RECLAMATION:EM 1110-2-1601, (1991) “Hydraulic Design of Flood Control Channels“EM 1110-2-1906, (1970) Laboratory Soil Testing, Appendix V, “Grain-Size Analysis“, paragraph 2d “Procedure“, subparagraph (1)(g)*
