ASHRAE HVAC APPLICATIONS IP CH 27-2015 POWER PLANTS.pdf
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1、27.1CHAPTER 27POWER PLANTSGeneral Design Criteria 27.1Ventilation Approach 27.4Applications . 27.4Steam Generator Buildings: Industrial and Power Facilities 27.5Turbine Generator Building. 27.7Combustion Turbine Areas. 27.9Main Control Center 27.9Substation and Switchyard Control Structures. 27.9Tur
2、bine Lubricating Oil Storage 27.10Oil Storage and Pump Buildings 27.10Coal Crusher and Coal Transportation System Buildings. 27.10Heating/Cooling Systems . 27.11Energy Recovery. 27.12Safety Considerations. 27.12HIS chapter discusses HVAC systems for industrial facilitiesTfor the production of proces
3、s heat and power and for electricalgenerating stations and transmission facilities. Not every type ofpower plant is specifically covered, but the process areas addressednormally correspond to similar process areas in any plant. For exam-ple, wood-fired boilers are not specifically discussed, but the
4、requirements for coal-fired boilers generally apply. Aspects ofHVAC system design unique to nuclear power plants are covered inChapter 28.Special Warning: Certain industrial spaces may contain flam-mable, combustible, and/or toxic concentrations of vapors or dustsunder either normal or abnormal cond
5、itions. In spaces such as these,there are life-safety issues that this chapter may not completelyaddress. Special precautions must be taken in accordance withrequirements of recognized authorities such as the National Fire Pro-tection Association (NFPA), the Occupational Safety and HealthAdministrat
6、ion (OSHA), the American National Standards Institute(ANSI), the facilitys insurance carriers, and authorities having juris-diction (AHJs). In all situations, engineers, designers, and installerswho encounter conflicting codes and standards must defer to thecode or standard that best addresses and s
7、afeguards life safety.1. GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIASpace-conditioning systems in power plant buildings aredesigned to maintain an environment for reliable operation of powergeneration systems and equipment and for the convenience andsafety of plant personnel. A balance is achieved between the cost ofth
8、e process systems designed to operate in a specified environmentand the cost of providing HVAC to modify or condition the environ-ment.Environmental criteria for personnel safety and comfort are gov-erned by several sources. The U.S. Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) defines noise,
9、 thermal environment, and aircontaminant exposure limits. Chapters 14 and 31 of this volume andIndustrial Ventilation by the American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists (ACGIH 2013) also provide guidance forsafety in work spaces, primarily in the areas of industrial ventilationand worke
10、r-related heat stress. Worker comfort is somewhat subjec-tive and more difficult to quantify. The plant owner or operator ordi-narily establishes the balance between cost and worker comfort.Exhaust vents are subject to regulation of the plants air qualitypermit and local air pollution control boards
11、 requirements. For thisreason, all exhaust vent locations should be properly identified andclassified, and coordinated with the plants environmental compli-ance permits. Treatment of exhaust streams is discussed in Chapter30 of the 2012 ASHRAE HandbookHVAC Systems and Equip-ment.Criteria should be c
12、learly defined at the start of design, becausethey document an understanding between the process designer andthe HVAC system engineer that is fundamental to achieving the envi-ronment required for the various process areas. Typical criteria for acoal-fired power plant are outlined in Table 1. Review
13、 criteria forcompliance with local codes, the plant operators experience andpreferences, and the facilitys overall financial objectives. Addi-tional discussion of criteria may be found in the sections on specificareas.Temperature and HumiditySelection of outdoor design temperatures is based on the o
14、perat-ing expectations of the plant. If the power production facility is crit-ical and must operate during severe conditions, then the effect oflocal extreme high and low temperatures on the systems should beevaluated. Electrical power consumption is usually highest underextreme outdoor conditions,
15、so critical areas of the plant should bedesigned to operate when needed the most. Other noncritical-areatemperature ranges, indicated in Table 1, may be more appropriatelyless stringent. A starting point for establishing design weather con-ditions for extreme conditions (typically defined on a 5, 10
16、, or 20year recurrence interval) and design (99.6% and 0.4% conditions)can be found in Chapter 14 of the 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFun-damentals and on the CD accompanying that volume.Indoor temperatures should match the specified operating temper-atures of the equipment. Electrical equipment, such as swi
17、tchgear,motor control centers, and motors, typically determines the designtemperature limits in the plant; common temperature ratings are 104or 122F. Other areas such as elevator machine rooms may includeelectronic equipment with temperature restrictions.In plant areas where compressed-gas container
18、s are stored, thedesign temperature is according to the gas supplier. Typically, theminimum temperature should be high enough that the gas volumecan be effectively released from the containers. If the gas is hazard-ous (e.g., chlorine), the minimum temperature does not apply dur-ing personnel occupa
19、ncy periods, when high dilution ventilationrates are needed.Practical ventilation rates for fuel-fired power plants provideindoor conditions 10 to 20F above the outdoor ambient. Therefore,ventilation design criteria establish a temperature rise above thedesign outdoor temperature to produce an expec
20、ted indoor temper-ature that matches the electrical equipment ratings. For example, anoutdoor extreme design temperature of 112F with a ventilation sys-tem designed for a 10F rise would meet the requirements of 122F-rated plant equipment. Because excursions above selected designoutdoor air temperatu
21、re are often brief (e.g., 2 to 3 h), the effect onroom temperature is minimal. In addition, the electrical equipmentThe preparation of this chapter is assigned to TC 9.2, Industrial Air Condi-tioning.27.2 2015 ASHRAE HandbookHVAC ApplicationsTable 1 Design Criteria for Fuel-Fired Power PlantBuilding
22、/AreaDesign Outdoor Cooling/ HeatingDry-BulbaIndoor Temperature, FRelative Humidity,%RoomVentilationRate, ach*FiltrationEfficiency,%Pressur-ization RedundancybNoiseCriterionMaximum MinimumSteam Turbine AreaSuboperating level 0.4%/99.6% Design outdoor + 10 45 None 30 None None Multiplicity Background
23、Above operating floor 0.4%/99.6% Design outdoor + 10 45 None 10 None None Multiplicity BackgroundCombustion Turbine Area 0.4%/99.6% Design outdoor + 18 45 None 20 None None Multiplicity BackgroundSteam Generator AreaBelow burner elevation 0.4%/99.6% Design outdoor + 10 45 None 30 None None Multiplic
24、ity BackgroundAbove operating floor 0.4%/99.6% Design outdoor + 10 45 None 15 None None Multiplicity BackgroundOther Non-Air-Conditioned AreasShops1%/99% Design outdoor + 10 65 None 15 None None None 85 dBAAir-Conditioned AreasdControl rooms and control equipment rooms containing instruments and ele
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