ASHRAE NY-08-025-2008 Comparing Residential Furnace Blowers for Rating and Installed Performance《家用燃炉风机的效能和装机性能的比较》.pdf
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1、2008 ASHRAE 187ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the performanceof residential furnace blowers for both heating, cooling and airdistribution applications and to compare their performance atDOE/ARI rating conditions (for AFUE and SEER) and at realinstalled conditions. A testing progra
2、m was undertaken at twolaboratories to compare the performance of furnace blowersover a range of static pressure differences that included stan-dard rating points and measured field test pressures. Threedifferent combinations of blowers and residential furnaceswere tested. The laboratory test result
3、s for blower power andairflow were combined with DOE2 models of building loads,models of air conditioner performance, standby power, as wellas igniter and combustion air blower power to determinepotential energy and peak demand impacts. The results showdistinct differences between the two types of f
4、urnace blowermotor technology: Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) and moreefficient Brushless Permanent Magnet (BPM). The high staticpressure differences in real installations reduce the advantagethat BPM driven blowers have at DOE/ARI rating conditionssuch that for cooling the two motor technologies h
5、ave essen-tially the same power consumption although the reduction inairflow for the PSC driven blower results in 10% lower airconditioner efficiency. For heating, the advantage of the BPMblower is approximately halved when changing from standardtest conditions to installed conditions, although the
6、BPMblower has the advantage of maintaining airflow that avoidsthe safety implications of the PSC blowers lower airflow. TheBPM blower retains its advantage for multi-speed systems thatcan operate for significant numbers of hours in low-fire mode.To better reflect blower performance it is recommended
7、 thatappliance rating test procedures be amended to use realisticsystem static pressures of between 0.5 and 0.8 in. water (125and 200 Pa) and that utility rebate programs ensure thatrebates are provided for multi-speed systems and/or systemsthat have a field measured low static pressure difference b
8、elow0.5 in. water (125 Pa).INTRODUCTIONThe blowers in residential furnaces typically move heatedor cooled air through a duct system that distributes the air andthen returns it to the furnace. Usually the blowers are doubleinlet models with air entering the centrifugal blower wheel atboth sides. The
9、motor mounts inside one side of the blower.Some systems also use the central blower to distribute venti-lation air or to mix air to improve comfort and reduce stratifi-cation.Although furnaces, air conditioners and heat pumps havebecome significantly more efficient over the last couple ofdecades, re
10、sidential forced air system blowers have not expe-rienced similar improvement. The most common blowershave been shown by field testing to have efficiencies of only10% to 15% (Phillips 1998 and 1995, and Gusdorf et al. 2002).These low efficiencies indicate that there is significant roomfor improvemen
11、t of both electric motor and the aerodynamicperformance of furnace blowers.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) andthe California Energy Commission (CEC) are both consider-ing accounting for the electricity use of furnaces and furnaceblowers. The EPA requirements are still being decided, b
12、ut arelikely to either be a fixed kWh/year number (available from theGAMA Directory (GAMA 2006) or kWh/year proportionalto the furnace output or input. For example, the GAMA direc-tory already lists “electrically efficient” furnaces whose elec-Comparing Residential Furnace Blowers for Rating and Ins
13、talled PerformanceIain S. Walker, PhDMember ASHRAEIain S. Walker is a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.NY-08-0252008, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Transactions, Volume 114,
14、Part 1. For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.188 ASHRAE Transactionstrical consumption is 2% or less of total annual energyconsumption. This approach therefore uses test
15、 data fromfurnaces evaluated at the AFUE rating conditions of extremelylow external static pressure. The CEC proposal for the 2008California Residential Building Efficiency Standards is torequire field testing of airflow and power consumption and usea W/1000 cfm metric (Wilcox 2006), where credit wo
16、uld begiven for systems using less than 400 W/1000 cfm (whilesimultaneously requiring more than 350 cfm/ton of coolingcapacity). The CEC proposal has the advantage of testingsystems as they are actually installed.An important consideration in analyzing forced airsystem blowers is that essentially al
17、l of the wasted electricityis manifested as heat. This extra heat reduces air conditioningcooling performance and effectively acts as an electric supple-ment to fossil-fueled furnaces. For heat pumps, this heatsubstitutes for vapor compression-based high COP heatingand effectively reduces the COP of
18、 the heat pump.This study combines the results of field tests to determinetypical operating conditions with detailed laboratory perfor-mance mapping to determine the power consumption of theblowers. Additional calculations and modeling were used toaccount for the interactions of the blowers with HVA
19、C equip-ment to account for performance issues such as the extra heat-ing effect of the blowers and the effect on air conditionerperformance with airflow.The results of this study are important to several constit-uents. From a national and state public policy point of view, ifthe EPA and CEC wish to
20、 make informed decisions regardingblower performance it is critical that actual field performanceis documented and understood. This allows the setting ofreasonable performance expectations and credits for betterperformance. If utilities (an the commissions that overseethem) want to have rebate progr
21、ams for more energy efficientblowers they need to know how blowers really perform inhouses so that the rebates can be justified. A better understand-ing of the key aspects of blower performance also allows anyrebate programs to better define the blowers that are rebated(for example, differentiating
22、between single and variablespeed) and the appropriate level of rebate. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESIDENTIAL BLOWERSThere are two types of blowers used in residentialfurnaces. Both blowers have similar blower wheels but theyhave different electric motors: Permanent Split Capacitor(PSC) and Brushless Perman
23、ent Magnet (BPM).PSC BlowerPermanent split capacitor motor driven blowers are by far(90% of the residential market) the dominant motor used inresidential furnace blowers used today. The single-phase PSCmotors are six-pole induction motors with a synchronous rota-tion speed of 1200 rpm. They can oper
24、ate at several fixedspeeds over a range of airflow rates, with highest airflowsabout 1.5 times the lowest airflows. The speed is set by usingdifferent electric current taps that result in different slip, or lagfrom synchronous speed, of the rotor. Different speeds arenecessary to match the different
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