ASTM C1211-2013 Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures《高温下高级陶瓷抗弯强度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: C1211 02 (Reapproved 2008)C1211 13Standard Test Method forFlexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at ElevatedTemperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1211; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural strength of advanced ceramics at elevated
3、temperatures.2 Four-point-14point and three-point loadings with prescribed spans are the standard. standard as shown in Fig. 1. Rectangular specimens ofprescribed cross-section are used with specified features in prescribed specimen-fixture combinations. Test specimens may be 3 by4 by 45 to 50 mm in
4、 size that are tested on 40 mm outer span four-point or three-point fixtures. Alternatively, test specimens andfixture spans half or twice these sizes may be used. The test method permits testing of machined or as-fired test specimens. Severaloptions for machining preparation are included: applicati
5、on matched machining, customary procedures, or a specified standardprocedure. This test method describes the apparatus, specimen requirements, test procedure, calculations, and reportingrequirements. The test method is applicable to monolithic or particulate- or whisker-reinforced ceramics. It may a
6、lso be used forglasses. It is not applicable to continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced
7、 Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on MechanicalProperties and Performance.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008Aug. 1, 2013. Published January 2008September 2013. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 19982008as C1211-98a. -02 (2008). DOI: 10.
8、1520/C1211-02R08.10.1520/C1211-13.2 Elevated temperatures typically denote, but are not restricted to 200 to 1600C.NOTE 1Configuration:A: L = 20 mmB: L = 40 mmC: L = 80 mmFIG. 1 Four-Point-14 Point and Three-Point Fixture ConfigurationsThis document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to pr
9、ovide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof th
10、e standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.3 This standard does not purport to address a
11、ll of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C1161 Test Method for
12、 Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient TemperatureC1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced CeramicsC1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced CeramicsC1341 Test Method for Fle
13、xural Properties of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic CompositesC1368 Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-RateStrength Testing at Ambient TemperatureC1465 Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Adv
14、anced Ceramics by Constant Stress-RateFlexural Testing at Elevated TemperaturesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison TechniquesE230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermoc
15、ouples2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD 1942(A) Flexural Strength of High Performance Ceramics at Ambient Temperature43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 complete gage section, nthe portion of the specimen between the two outer bearings in four-point flexure and three-pointflexure fixtures.NOTE 1In this
16、 standard, the complete four-point flexure gage section is twice the size of the inner gage section. Weibull statistical analyses, in thisinstance, only include portions of the specimen volume or surface which experience tensile stresses.3.1.2 flexural strengtha measure of the ultimate strength of a
17、 specified beam in bending.3.1.3 four-point-1/4 point flexurea configuration of flexural strength testing in which a specimen is symmetrically loaded attwo locations that are situated at one-quarter of the overall span, away from the outer two support bearings (see Fig. 1).3.1.4 fully-articulating f
18、ixture, na flexure fixture designed to be used either with flat and parallel specimens or with unevenor nonparallel specimens. The fixture allows full independent articulation, or pivoting, of all rollers about the specimen long axisto match the specimen surface. In addition, the upper or lower pair
19、s are free to pivot to distribute force evenly to the bearingcylinders on either side.NOTE 2See Annex A2A1 for schematic illustrations of the required pivoting movements.NOTE 3A three-point fixture has the inner pair of bearing cylinders replaced by a single bearing cylinder.3.1.5 inert flexural str
20、ength, na measure of the strength of a specified beam specimen in bending as determined in anappropriate inert condition whereby no slow crack growth occurs.3.1.6 inherent flexural strength, nthe flexural strength of a material in the absence of any effect of surface grinding or othersurface finishi
21、ng process, or of extraneous damage that may be present. The measured inherent strength is in general a functionof the flexure test method, test conditions, and specimen size.3.1.7 inner gage section, nthe portion of the specimen between the inner two bearings in a four-point flexure fixture.3.1.8 s
22、emi-articulating fixture, na flexure fixture designed to be used with flat and parallel specimens. The fixture allows somearticulation, or pivoting, to ensure the top pair (or bottom pair) of bearing cylinders pivot together about an axis parallel to thespecimen long axis, in order to match the spec
23、imen surfaces. In addition, the upper or lower pairs are free to pivot to distributeforce evenly to the bearing cylinders on either side.NOTE 4See Annex A2A1 for schematic illustrations of the required pivoting movements.NOTE 5A three-point fixture has the inner pair of bearing cylinders replaced by
24、 a single bearing cylinder.3.1.9 slow crack growth (SCG), nSubcritical crack growth (extension) which may result from, but is not restricted to, suchmechanisms as environmentally-assisted stress corrosion or diffusive crack growth.3.1.10 three-point flexurea configuration of flexural strength testin
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