1、2009年 9月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 For more than two centuries, Americas colleges and universities have been the backbone of the countrys progress. They have educated the technical, (1) work force, and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today educators fro
3、m around the country are apt to find many reasons for the (2) , but four historic acts stand out as watersheds. First, (3) : In 1862 Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including (4) . Each state was permitted
4、to sell large tracts of federal land and use the proceeds to endow at least (5) . Second, competition breeds success: Over the years, the (6) of the Americas colleges and universities have promoted (7) . Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War, when President Lincoln created (8) to adv
5、ise Congress on “any subject of science and art“. The academys impact really grew after World War II, when a landmark report (9) the then President argued that it was the federal governments responsibility to (10) for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories, (11) in A
6、merican universities and generated increasing investment. It also (12) and helped spread scientific discoveries far and wide, (13) , medicine and society as a whole. Thirdly, (14) : The end of World War II saw the passage of the Servicemens Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for colle
7、ge or vocational education (15) , made the higher-education system accessible in ways that (16) , opening the doors of the best universities to men and women who had (17) . Finally, promoting diversity. The creation of federal (18) , as well as outright grants for college students, brought much-need
8、ed diversity to higher education and further (19) . Since its founding in 1965, the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth (20) . Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. A
9、fter each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A
10、） Shes just a city girl and is used to the fast pace of the city. （ B） She doesnt have to drive everywhere to buy things. （ C） She likes to garden and putter around in the house she bought. （ D） She can go to a whole variety of places to interact with people. （ A） Going to the country for a vacation
11、 makes no sense at all. （ B） Renting a vacation house in the country is cheap. （ C） People can enjoy the fresh air in the country. （ D） People can relax better in the country than in the city. （ A） The convenient transportation. （ B） The interactive social life. （ C） The whole car culture. （ D） The
12、nice neighborhood. （ A） You may have fun making barbecues in the garden. （ B） You wont feel stuck and labeled as you do in the city. （ C） Its more tolerable than living in the city. （ D） Its more hateful than living in the country. （ A） Quite lonely. （ B） Very safe. （ C） Not very convenient. （ D） No
13、t particularly dangerous. （ A） Because they might harm the poor people. （ B） Because their drawbacks outweigh benefits. （ C） Because they counterbalance other environmental policies. （ D） Because they cannot achieve the expected environmental objectives. （ A） German business confidence index has ris
14、en as much as expected recently. （ B） The outlook for manufacturing is worsening in foreseeable future. （ C） Global economic recession will sap demand for German exports next year. （ D） German business situation is expected to get better in the next few months. （ A） The proposal can cut greenhouse g
15、as emissions from cars to a very low level. （ B） This action is obviously going to change global temperatures in the long run. （ C） The reduction in gas emissions is insignificant for addressing global warming. （ D） The proposal represents a big step in solving the problem of global warming. （ A） $
16、60. 5 a barrel. （ B） $ 61 a barrel. （ C） $ 61.32 a barrel. （ D） $ 61.67 a barrel. （ A） 92. （ B） 250. （ C） 1500 （ D） 2500 （ A） Microsoft. （ B） Coca Cola. （ C） IBM. （ D） Nokia. （ A） Amounts of revenue underlying the brands. （ B） Strong franchise with consumers. （ C） Whether or not the brand is a produ
17、ct of a tech company. （ D） The degree of resonance consumers have with a brand proposition. （ A） Because it is monopolistic. （ B） Because it is competitive. （ C） Because it takes its brand through generations. （ D） Because its products fetch high prices. （ A） The functionality of its product. （ B） T
18、he emotional appeal of its product. （ C） Its basic product being so different. （ D） Its highly effective publicity. （ A） A fantastic corporate culture. （ B） A long company history. （ C） An excellent product. （ D） A sophisticated technology. （ A） A power station. （ B） An importer of bicycles. （ C） An
19、 association of volunteers. （ D） A charity organization. （ A） To provide help to local villagers. （ B） To export bicycles to developing countries. （ C） To organize overseas trips. （ D） To carry out land surveys. （ A） They sell them at a very low price. （ B） They charge half price. （ C） They give the
20、m away for free （ D） They trade them for local products. （ A） 14,000. （ B） 46,000. （ C） 50000 （ D） 56000 （ A） Donating bicycles. （ B） Bringing in funds. （ C） Taking part in bike rides. （ D） Making suggestions about where to send bicycles. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you wil
21、l read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chose
22、n in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 What is the role of human resources as the world goes through turmoil, and what is its future as soI many industries face extreme change? Effendi Ibnoe, Bali, Indonesia Talk about timing. Your question arrived in our in-box the same day that we
23、 received a note from an acquaintance who had just been let go from his job in publishing, certainly one of the industries that is facing, as you put it, “extreme change. “ He described his layoff as a practically Orwellian experience in which he was ushered into a conference room to meet with an ou
24、tplacement consultant who, after dispensing with logistics, informed him that she would call him at home that evening to make sure everything was all right. “I assured her I had friends and loved ones and a dog,“ he wrote, “and since my relationship with her could be measured in terms of seconds, th
25、ey could take care of that end of things. “ “Memo to HR. Instead of saddling dismissed employees with solicitous outplacement reps,“ he noted wryly, “put them in a room with some crockery for a few therapeutic minutes of smashing things against a wall. “ While we enjoy our friends sense of humor, we
26、d suggest a different memo to HR. “Layoffs are your moment of truth,“ it would say, “when your company must show departing employees the same kind of attentiveness and dignity that was showered upon them when they entered. Layoffs are when HR proves its mettle and its worth, demonstrating whether a
27、company really cares about its people. “ Look, weve written before about HR and the game-changing role we believe it can-and should-play as the engine of an organizations hiring, appraisal, and development processes. We ve asserted that too many companies relegate HR to the mundane busy-work of news
28、letters, picnics, and benefits, and weve made the case that every CEO should elevate his head of HR to the same stature as the CFO. But if there was ever a time to underscore the importance of HR, it has arrived. And, sadly, if there was ever a time to see how few companies get HR right, it has arri
29、ved, too, as our acquaintances experience shows. So, to your question: What is HRs correct role now-especially in terms of layoffs? First, HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers. Being fired is dehumanizing in any event, but to get the news from a “hired gun“ only mak
30、es matters worse. Thats why HR must ensure that managers accept their duty, which is to be in on the one conversation at work that must be personal. Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face, eyeball-to- eyeball. Second, HRs role is to serve as the companys arbiter of equity. Nothing raises hackle
31、s more during a layoff than the sense that some people-namely the loudmouths and the litigious-are getting better deals than others. HR can mitigate that dynamic by making sure across units and divisions that severance arrangements, if they exist, are appropriate and evenhanded. You simply dont want
32、 people to leave feeling as if they got you-know-what. They need to walk out saying. “At least I know I was treated fairly. “ Finally, HRs role is to absorb pain In the hours and days after being let go, people need to vent, and it is HRs job to be completely available to console. At some point, an
33、outplacement consultant can come into the mix to assist with a transition, but HR can never let “the departed“ feel as if they ve been sent to a leper colony. Someone connected to each let-go employe-either a colleague or HR staffer-should check in regularly. And not just to ask, “Is everything O. K
34、. ?“ but to listen to the answer with an open heart, and when appropriate, offer to serve as a reference to prospective employers. Three years ago, we wrote a column called, “So Many CEOs Get This Wrong,“ and while many letters supported our stance that too many companies undervalue HR, a significan
35、t minority pooh-poohed HR as irrelevant to the “real work“ of business. Given the state of things, we wonder how those same HR-minimalists feel now. If their company is in crisis-or their own caree- perhaps at last theyve seen the light. HR matters enormously in good times. It defines you in the bad
36、. 41 Why does the author say that his friends note displayed a “sense of humor“(para. 3)?_ （ A） Because his layoff experience showed vividly the process of “extreme change“. （ B） Because he gave a vivid description of the outplacement reps work style. （ C） Because he suggested to HR how to treat dis
37、missed employees while he himself was fire. （ D） Because he was optimistic with the support and understanding from his friends and loved family members after being dismissed. 42 The expression “moment of truth“ in the sentence “Layoffs are your moment of truth when they entered. “ (para. 3) most pro
38、bably means_ （ A） critical moment of proving ones worth （ B） time of dismissing the employees （ C） important moment of telling the truth （ D） time of losing ones dignity 43 Which of the following does NOT support the author s statement that “HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, n
39、ot strangers. “(para. 6)?_ （ A） In that case the let-go employee would feel less dehumanized. （ B） By doing so the managers treat the employees with respect. （ C） HR has thus played the positive role in terms of layoffs. （ D） In doing so strangers will only play the role of a “hired gun“. 44 The exp
40、ression “pink slips“ in the sentence “Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face, eyeball- to-eyeball. “(para. 6) can best be paraphrased as _ （ A） a letter of invitation （ B） a notice of dismissal （ C） a card of condolences （ D） a message of greetings 45 Which of the following expresses the main i
41、dea of the passage?_ （ A） The time to underscore the importance of HR has arrived. （ B） Severance arrangements should be the focus of HRs job. （ C） Employees should be treated with equal respect whether hired or fired. （ D） Managers must leave their duty to HR when employees are dismissed. 45 Senato
42、r Barbara Boxer of California announced this month she intends to move ahead with legislation designed to lower the emission of greenhouse gases that are linked by many scientists to climate change. But the approach shes taking is flawed, and the current financial crisis can help us understand why.
43、The centerpiece of this approach is the creation of a market for trading carbon emission credits. These credits would be either distributed free of charge or auctioned to major emitters of greenhouse gases. The firms could then buy and sell permits under federally mandated emissions caps. If a compa
44、ny is able to cut emissions, it can sell excess credits for a profit. If it needs to emit more, it can buy permits on the market from other firms. “Cap and trade,“ as it is called, is advocated by several policymakers, industry leaders, and activists who want to fight global warming. But its based o
45、n the trade of highly volatile financial instruments.- risky at best. The better approach to climate change? A direct tax placed on emissions of greenhouse gases. The tax would create a market price for carbon emissions and lead to emissions reductions or new technologies that cut greenhouse gases.
46、This is an approach favored by many economists as the financially sensible way to go. And it is getting a closer look by some industry professionals and lawmakers. At first blush, it might seem crazy to advocate a tax increase during a major recession. But there are several virtues of a tax on carbo
47、n emissions relative to a cap-and-trade program. For starters, the country already has a mechanism in place to deal with taxes. Tax collection is something the government has abundant experience with. A carbon trading scheme, on the other hand, requires the creation of elaborate new markets, institu
48、tions, and regulations to oversee and enforce it. Another relative advantage of the tax is its flexibility. It is easier to adjust the tax to adapt to changing economic, scientific, or other circumstances. If the tax is too low to be effective, it can be raised easily. If it is too burdensome it can
49、 be relaxed temporarily. In contrast, a cap-and-trade program creates emissions permits that provide substantial economic value to firms and industries. These assets limit the programs flexibility once under way, since market actors then have an interest in maintaining the status quo to preserve the value of the assets. Whats more, they can be a recipe for trouble. As my American Enterprise Institute colleagues Ken Green, Steve Hayward, and Kevin Hassett pointed out two years ago, “sudden changes in econ
