1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 547及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden Age structure refers to the percentage of the population in different
3、 age 【 1】 _Mexicos age structure is quite different from Swedens in 【 1】_ that the former is like a【 2】 _with a wider base. In Sweden, the age 【 2】_ structure is shaped like a rectangle, which results from a(n)【 3】 _ 【 3】_ birth rate and low death rate in early and middle age. In Mexico, the populat
4、ion is expanding rapidly. In Sweden, the population is stable in size with a(n)【 4】 _distribution. 【 4】 _ The Effects of Different Age Structures: -Age structures affects population growth: a) A country with a larger percentage of people at the bottom of the pyramid will have a【 5】 _population growt
5、h rate. 【 5】_ b) a larger proportion of women of【 6】 _age results in a faster 【 6】_ population growth. -Age structure affects【 7】 _: 【 7】 _ 1) a larger percentage of people of【 8】 _age means more wealth 【 8】_ and higher standard of living. 2) a larger proportion of children is responsible for more e
6、xpenditure on【 9】 _to achieve the same standards. 【 9】 _ 3) the【 10】 _rate is likely to be higher for jobs will have to be 【 10】_ found for a larger number of graduates. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will h
7、ear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 How old is the minivan the Lady i
8、s looking at? （ A） One year old （ B） Three years old （ C） Five years old （ D） Seven years old 12 What is the vehicle s mileage? （ A） 55,000 miles. （ B） 65,000 miles. （ C） 75,000 miles. （ D） 8,5000 miles. 13 What is the problem with the minivans door? （ A） It has several scratches in it. （ B） It will
9、 not open properly. （ C） It is missing the door handle. （ D） It has no seats covers. 14 What is one thing the extended warranty would NOT cover on the vehicle according to the conversation? （ A） A faulty oil pump. （ B） A malfunctioning gage. （ C） A worn out brake drum. （ D） An engine. 15 If the mana
10、ger lowered the price as the salesman suggests, what would the final price be? （ A） 15,475. （ B） 15,575. （ C） 15,675. （ D） 15,775. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each n
11、ews item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he （ A） violated the traffic law. （ B） illegally attacked a boxer. （ C） attacked sb. after a traffic accident. （ D） failed to finish his contract. 17 The license granted to Tyson to fi
12、ght will be terminated （ A） by the end of the year. （ B） in over a year. （ C） in August. （ D） in a few weeks. 17 There are many ways of dealing with offenders that do not involve the payment of money. One is probation, a system that takes many different forms in different jurisdictions but that esse
13、ntially involves the suspension of sentence on the of fender subject to the condition that he is supervised while living in the community by a probation officer and possibly agrees to comply with such other requirements as the court many think appropriate. Usually, if the offender complies with the
14、probation officer and commits no further offense while it is in force, no other penalty is imposed, but if he breaks the requirement of the order or commits another offense, he can be brought back before the court and punished for the original offense as well as the later one. In many U. S. states.
15、probation is combined with a suspended sentence, so that the sentence the offender will have to serve if he breaks the order is fixed in advance; in England the sentence is not fixed in advance, and the court has complete discretion if there is a breach to sentence the offender for the original crim
16、e in light of his tater behaviour. English law allows suspended sentence of of imprisonment for a specified period ( not more than two years), on condition that tile offender commit no further offense during the period of suspension. This is different from a probation order, as no supervision is req
17、uired and no other conditions may be included in the order. Other alternatives to prison are based on the idea of preventing an offender from committing further offenses, without necessarily confining him in a prison. The most familiar power of this kind is that of disqualifying an offender from dri
18、ving a motor vehicle or from holding a drivers license. This power is available under the laws of most countries to deal with those offenders who either commit serious driving offenses, such as driving while intoxicated, or who commit repeated but less serious offenses, such as speeding. In many cou
19、ntries there exists a system in which the offender is awarded a number of points each time he commits a motoring offense; when the number of points accumulated reaches a certain figure, he is automatically disqualified for a specified period. Some countries allow courts to disqualify from driving th
20、ose offenders who have used motor vehicles in commission of the crime for which they are being sentenced, with the aim of hindering the offender from committing further such offenses. Although attractive in the abstract, this seldom works well in practice, as the absence of a drivers license may wel
21、l prevent an offender from finding work after release from prison; as a result he may be likely to commit further crimes. Other forms of disqualification may be imposed on offenders convicted of particular types of crimes: a fraudulent company director may be disqualified from being involved in the
22、direction of a company, a corrupt politician may be disqualified from holding public office, or a parent who sexually abuses his children may be deprived of parental authority over them. 18 The first paragraph is primarily about _. （ A） ways of dealing with offenders （ B） the probation system （ C） t
23、he suspension of sentence on the offender （ D） the suspended sentence of imprisonment 19 Which of the following statements is true according to this passage? （ A） If an offender breaks the probation order and commits no further offense, no other penalty is imposed. （ B） If an offender complies with
24、the probation order, he will be punished merely for the original offense. （ C） If an offender in the U.S. breaks the probation order, he has to serve a sentence fixed in advance. （ D） If an offender in Britain breaks the probation order, he has to serve a fixed sentence for a specified period. 20 Th
25、e second paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） alternatives to prison （ B） preventing an offender from committing offenses （ C） the imposition of disqualification of offenders （ D） disqualifying an offender from driving a motor vehicle 21 According to this passage, disqualification _. （ A） seldom works
26、well in practice （ B） usually fails to prevent an offender from committing further offenses （ C） is only applicable to those offenders who commit serious driving offenses （ D） may be applied to offenders who have been convicted of various types of offenses 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Dire
27、ctions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 The pilgrims built a colony named_after they arrived in America. （ A） Jamestown （ B） Boston （ C） Plymouth （ D） Yorktown 23 _analysis is a process of grammatical analysis according to which a
28、syntactic construction can be analyzed into its basic units. （ A） TG （ B） IC （ C） LAD （ D） ST 24 Morphology is concerned with （ A） the meaning of words. （ B） the pronunciation of words. （ C） the internal organization of words. （ D） the combination of words into sentences. 25 The largest river in the
29、 United Kingdom, which runs 355 kilometres and empties into the Bristol Strait, is _. （ A） the Severn River （ B） the Clyde River （ C） the Thames River （ D） the Potomac River 26 _ was greatly influenced by Chinese and Japanese poetry. （ A） Ezra Pound （ B） Walt Whitman （ C） Robert Frost （ D） Edgar All
30、an Poe 27 The religious leader of the Church of England is _. （ A） Parliament （ B） King （ C） Archbishop of Canterbury （ D） Queen 28 The United States of America is the _ country in the world. （ A） largest （ B） second-largest （ C） third-largest （ D） fourth largest 29 _ is the second largest city in E
31、ngland, which is metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city. （ A） Birmingham （ B） Glasgow （ C） Manchester （ D） Edinburgh 30 The capital of Scotland is _. （ A） Belfast （ B） Cardiff （ C） Edinburgh （ D） Dublin 31 The Great _ of 1929 to 1933 damaged the economy of the United States a
32、nd the whole capitalist world. （ A） Campaign （ B） Plague （ C） Turmoil （ D） Depression 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING by Temple Bar, who was to deliver it to greater authorities within, the shadows of the night took such shapes to him as arose out of the message, and took such shapes to the mare as arose ou
33、t of her private topics of uneasiness. They seemed to be numerous, for she shied at every shadow on the road. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 35 Happiness is now a popular topic among many young people. What factors do you think
34、are necessary to achieve happiness? Write an essay of about 400 words on the topic given below. THE MAKING OF HAPPINESS In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last par
35、t you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion-or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 547答案与解析 SECTION A
36、MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you
37、will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 I want to talk today about the way in which a countrys population is structured into age groups. And in particular, I shall discu
38、ss two aspects of age structure-first, different age structures in different countries, and second, the effects of different age structures. But first, what do I mean by this term “age structure“? Perhaps these graphs will help. They show the age structures of two countries-Mexico and Sweden. The le
39、ft-hand side of each graph represents males, and the right-hand side represents females. The horizontal axis indicates the percentage of the population in different age groups. And the vertical axis indicates age. As you can see, Mexicos age structure is very different from Swedens. Mexicos is shape
40、d like a pyramid, with a very wide base. In Mexico, large families are common; childrens death rates are also very much lower than they used to be, and so the result is a rapidly expanding population. In Sweden, on the other hand, the age groups are much more evenly distributed. Swedens age structur
41、e shows a society that has been industrialized for a long time. A constant birth rate and a low death rate in early and middle age result in this almost rectangular shape that tapers off at the top as people die of old age. In other words, Swedens population is stable in size. So much for age struct
42、ures themselves. Now, what about the effects of different age structures? Well, we know that women have children when they are between the ages of about 15 and 45. And it is generally true that the larger the proportion of women of child-bearing age, the faster the population growth. Lets consider t
43、wo imaginary countries-Sunnary and Rainland. Both countries have 100,000 people. But as you can see from the age structures, in Sunnary there are 45,000 people between 15 and 45 in other words, about 22,500 women of child-bearing age. But in Rainland, there are 55,000 people between 15 and 45 about
44、27,500 women of child-bearing age. Suppose, in one year, one in every 10 women has a child, and one in every 10 people over 60 dies. We then have this situation., births in Sunnary are 2,250, compared with 2,750 in Rainland. Deaths in Sunnary are 1000 compared with 500 in Rainland. As a result, the
45、population of Sunuary increases by 1,250. But Rainlands population increases by 2,250. This situation will not go on forever, of course, because eventually there will by the same proportion of old people in both countries. But by that time, Rainlands population will be much, much larger. The point I
46、 am making, then, is that age structure affects population growth: a country with a larger proportion of people at the bottom of the pyramid will have a higher population growth rate. Age structure also has very important economic effects. Ill mention just three effects as examples. In Mexico, the p
47、opulation between the ages of 15 and 64 makes up 54% of the total population. These 54% are the people able to work and se produce the countrys wealth and standard of living. But in Sweden this 15-64 age group comprises 67%. Yes, 67% of the population. So in Sweden, a larger proportion of the popula
48、tion are of working age. A second economic effect of age structures is on education. We can see from the graph that Mexico has roughly double the proportion of children aged 5-14 that Sweden has. Its clear that a country like Mexico, then, with a larger proportion of children, will have to spend a larger proportion of its national income on education-schools, teachers, books, etc.-to achieve the same educational standards. And a third economic effect is that jobs will have to be found for these children when they leave school. This is more difficult for a country with
