1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 856及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you
2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Memory I. Introduction to memory the capacity for storing and_information【 T1】 _ _, constructed, and edited【 T2】 _ boundless and f
3、ull of holes/distortions II. _【 T3】 _ A. _【 T4】 _ processing information into memory automatic and_processing【 T5】 _ different ways of encoding verbal information a. structural encoding: forms b. phonemic encoding: _【 T6】 _ c. semantic encoding: meanings deeper processing _memory【 T7】 _ B. storage:
4、a_model【 T8】 _ sensory memory of large capacity: _【 T9】 _ short-term memory of limited capacity: enhanced by_and chunking【 T10】 _ working memory: allowing storage and_【 T11】 _ -_【 T12】 _ of infinite capacity: lasting a lifetime C. retrieval: getting information_【 T13】 _ _: stimuli that help the proc
5、ess of retrieval【 T14】 _ a. associations b. context c. _【 T15】 _ III. Conclusion 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be
6、divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the
7、 best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） He is a physician. （ B） He is a psychologist. （ C） He is a Ph.D. （ D） He is an editor for a fashion magazine. （ A） Because a recent survey shows that many people are extremely stressful. （ B） Be
8、cause this is the time people get great pressure from different areas. （ C） Because it is demanded by the programs sponsors. （ D） Because people are overloaded by the shopping season. （ A） Because women still bear the burden for the holidays. （ B） Because women are feeling a lot of pressure with fam
9、ily obligation. （ C） Because women are going to meet many unfamiliar relatives. （ D） Because women will spare no effort to meet their childrens expectation. （ A） Women should be careful with the details of holidays. （ B） Women should do better than their mothers on holidays. （ C） Women assume a lot
10、of expectation from others. （ D） Women often spoil their spouses and children. （ A） To find out where the expectation is from. （ B） To find out mothers and grandmothers accounts of the past. （ C） To find out how to get rid of guilt and prioritize ones own need. （ D） To investigate a cold case on an
11、airplane. （ A） Saving it. （ B） Spending it. （ C） Using credit cards. （ D） Making a plan. （ A） Choosing simple things. （ B） Avoiding online shopping. （ C） Shopping online. （ D） Getting free gifts. （ A） Because people are social animals. （ B） Because people love to be part of the holidays. （ C） Becaus
12、e people like to be needed. （ D） Because it is too heavy to be borne by one person. （ A） Giving oneself a little time and going to parties. （ B） Eating right. （ C） Getting enough rest. （ D） Listening to ones own body and focusing on oneself. （ A） Parties. （ B） Family gathering. （ C） Some time alone.
13、 （ D） Food. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 25 As anyone in a ho
14、usehold with infants or toddlers knows, bedtime can be a nightmare. But thats where technology, in the form of Web-based sleep counseling, can help. Although Internet use has been blamed for keeping teens and adults awake too late at night, researchers in the U.S. and Israel report that a Web-based
15、program can be a powerful tool for helping parents get babies to hit the sack and to improve their own sleep and mood. Scientists in Philadelphia created an interactive database of the sleeping habits of more than 5,000 babies under age three. That information, which included what parents and infant
16、s did in the minutes and hours before going to sleep, was coupled with studies on the most effective practices for inducing sleep. The resulting program, the Customized Sleep Profile, allows parents to input data on their own childs sleeping habits, and compare that profile with those of thousands o
17、f other children the same age. The program then gives parents personalized recommendations for their childs specific sleep problems. If youve been trying to rock your baby to sleep, for instance, the program suggests putting your child to bed awake hell be more likely to drift off naturally. If your
18、 baby wakes up hungry hours after falling asleep, you can try eliminating nighttime feedings, and hell be more likely to sleep through the night. The study, which involved 264 mothers and their infant or toddler, randomly assigned two groups of parents to use the Web program(a third control group fo
19、llowed their usual bedtime practices), and one of the intervention groups was also asked to establish a three-step bedtime routine that included a bath, a massage and a quiet activity such as listening to a lullaby or cuddling. A 2009 study suggested that this routine helped improve problem sleeping
20、 in infants and toddlers. In both intervention groups, babies went to bed easier and slept longer at night, and mothers reported better sleep and less tension, depression and fatigue, compared with the families in the control group. Previously fussy babies reduced the number of times they awoke at n
21、ight and the length of time they were awake by up to 50%, and also took less time to fall asleep. As for the recommendations generated by the program, there really is no magic to them: they are based on well-known advice supported by research. The difference is that theyre tailored to address specif
22、ic sleep behaviors, while previous advice to sleep-deprived parents tended to be more general. Whatever the parent inputs, the recommendations provided are based on that input. The program was a blessing for the exhausted parents in the trial. Nearly all of them said they would continue using the pr
23、ogram even after the study ended. For parents, late-night screen time may not be such a bad thing after all. 26 “Hit the sack“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to_. （ A） hit the hay （ B） hit the deck （ C） hit the bottle （ D） hit the road 27 Which of the following suggestions is NOT give
24、n by the program? （ A） Do not try to rock your baby to sleep. （ B） Your baby will be more likely to drift off naturally if you put him to bed awake. （ C） Canceling bedtime feedings will be more likely to make your baby sleep through the night. （ D） Do not feed your baby at nighttime. 28 The last par
25、agraph_. （ A） ends the passage in conformity with the second paragraph （ B） ends the passage in conformity with the first paragraph （ C） has no connection with the first paragraph （ D） contradicts the first paragraph 28 In recent years firms have stuffed a lot more money into their final-salary pens
26、ion schemes. With a fair wind from more favorable markets, that helped to plug the big deficits that had emerged. Now it turns out that some of the improvement may be illusory. The Pensions Regulator said this week in a consultation paper that it will insist on tougher assumptions about longevity tr
27、ends when the trustees responsible for the schemes get actuarial valuations. The new guidance will increase pension liabilities. Actuaries have been caught out by startling falls in death rates among older people. In the 1980s life expectancy for men aged 65 rose by a year. In the 1990s it went up b
28、y two years, and official forecasts suggest that it will increase by 2.5 years in the current decade. Gains for women aged 65, who live longer than men, have been less dramatic an extra year a decade in the 1980s and 1990s but they have also picked up, to 1.5 years, in the 2000s. These big improveme
29、nts reflect especially steep falls in death rates for people born between 1920 and 1945. A crucial question is how much longer this “ golden cohort“ will lead the way to lower mortality. According to the regulator, 55% of pension schemes have been assuming that the big declines in death rates will t
30、aper away to more normal falls by 2020: 11% that they will fade by 2010: and virtually all the others have paid no heed to the phenomenon. The watchdog wants schemes to pick 2040 as the date when the golden cohorts super-fast mortality reductions draw to an end. It is also serving notice on valuatio
31、ns that assume an eventual end to improvements in longevity. Instead they should allow for future falls in death rates of at least 1% a year. The scope for further gains in life expectancy is clear in the gap between Britain and other countries where longevity is higher, especially for women. The ne
32、w guidance may be more realistic but it will be a cold shower for firms with final-salary schemes. It will raise life expectancy assumptions for people retiring today by two to three years. According to the regulator, an increase of a year pushes up pension-scheme liabilities by 2.5%, which suggests
33、 that they would rise by between 5% and 7.5%. Some accountancy firms even think that the liabilities will rise by as much as 10%. The watchdogs tough line on longevity is not the only worry for firms with final-salary schemes. In a recent discussion paper, the Accounting Standards Board called for t
34、he discount rate, which is used to calculate the present value of future pensions, to be based on government rather than high-quality corporate bonds. This would push up pension-scheme liabilities, which vary inversely with the discount rate, because gilts are safer than company debt and so have a l
35、ower yield. Like the regulators guidance on longevity, the ASBs proposal injects realism. If companies generally become more likely to default, then corporate-bond spreads the extra interest they pay compared with gilts will rise. Perversely, that will shrink pension-plan liabilities even though the
36、 firms backing the schemes have become less creditworthy. It will take several years for the ASBs new approach, if adopted, to affect company accounts. Yet, together with the regulators move on longevity, the reform could have an unfortunate consequence for pension-scheme members. More firms may con
37、clude that maintaining a defined-benefit scheme even one closed to new members is the financial equivalent of running up the down escalator. 29 Why will the new guidance increase pension liabilities? （ A） Because it can plug the big deficits that have emerged. （ B） Because it will raise life expecta
38、ncy assumptions. （ C） Because it may be more realistic. （ D） Because the scope for further gains in life expectancy is clear in the gap between Britain and other countries. 30 According to the passage, what role do the trustees responsible for the schemes play? （ A） They issue notice on actuarial va
39、luations that assume an end to improvements in longevity. （ B） They help the regulator make tougher assumptions about longevity trends. （ C） They appraise demographic change in order to estimate future liabilities. （ D） They reflect steep falls in death rates for people born between 1920 and 1945. 3
40、1 “. gilts are safer than company debt and so have a lower yield“(Para. 7)means that_. （ A） corporate bonds of high quality vary inversely with the discount rate （ B） corporate bonds are not as safe as gilt-edged securities in investment yield （ C） corporate bonds are focused on present value instea
41、d of future yield （ D） company debt can yield very low interest 32 Which of the following statements does NOT contain a metaphor? （ A） Now it turns out that some of the improvement may be illusory. （ B） . but it will be a cold shower for firms with final-salary schemes. （ C） With a fair wind from mo
42、re favorable markets, that helped to plug the big deficits that had emerged. （ D） . is the financial equivalent of running up the down escalator. 32 The reenactors are busloads of tourists usually Turkish, sometimes European. The buses blunder over the winding, indifferently paved road to the ridge
43、and dock like dreadnoughts before a stone portal. Visitors flood out, fumbling with water bottles and MP3 players. Guides call out instructions and explanations. Paying no attention, the visitors straggle up the hill. When they reach the top, their mouths flop open with amazement, making a line of p
44、erfect cartoon Os. Before them are dozens of massive stone pillars arranged into a set of rings, one mashed up against the next. Known as Gobekli Tepe, the site is vaguely reminiscent of Stonehenge, except that Gobekli Tepe was built much earlier and is made not from roughly hewn blocks but from cle
45、anly carved limestone pillars splashed with bas-reliefs of animals a cavalcade of gazelles, snakes, foxes, scorpions, and ferocious wild boars. The assemblage was built some 11,600 years ago, seven millennia before the Great Pyramid of Giza. It contains the oldest known temple. Indeed, Gobekli Tepe
46、is the oldest known example of monumental architecture the first structure human beings put together that was bigger and more complicated than a hut. When these pillars were erected, so far as we know, nothing of comparable scale existed in the world. At the time of Gobekli Tepes construction much o
47、f the human race lived in small nomadic bands that survived by foraging for plants and hunting wild animals. Construction of the site would have required more people coming together in one place than had likely occurred before. Amazingly, the temples builders were able to cut, shape, and transport 1
48、6-ton stones hundreds of feet despite having no wheels or beasts of burden. The pilgrims who came to Gobekli Tepe lived in a world without writing, metal, or pottery: to those approaching the temple from below, its pillars must have loomed overhead like rigid giants, the animals on the stones shiver
49、ing in the firelight emissaries from a spiritual world that the human mind may have only begun to envision. Archaeologists are still excavating Gobekli Tepe and debating its meaning. What they do know is that the site is the most significant in a volley of unexpected findings that have overturned earlier ideas about our species deep
