1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 879及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you
2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Self-discipline: the Foundation of Productive Living I. Issues to be noticed at the thought of self-discipline A. Troubles for som
3、e people to become more productive B. The reason: lacking of 【 T1】 _to start with 【 T1】 _ C. Multiple meanings of self-discipline in different fields: the ability and 【 T2】 _ in terms of productivity 【 T2】 _ the ability to 【 T3】 _ in personal development 【 T3】 _ the ability to get up and practice by
4、 【 T4】 _ 【 T4】 _ the power to 【 T5】 _ by speaker 【 T5】 _ II. The steps to become productive A. Start small, work 【 T6】 _ 【 T6】 _ the importance of【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ the comparison between it and the use of muscle a)more failure, less motivation, difficult to solve problems b)start developing it by 【 T8】
5、 _ small problems 【 T8】 _ c)the strength of it increases gradually d)similar process to 【 T9】 _ a habit rather than overcoming 【 T9】 _ B. Meanwhile, the importance of accountability and 【 T10】 _ 【 T10】 _ rebuilding the 【 T11】 _ of muscle without assistance 【 T11】 _ differently, people need 【 T12】 _
6、to gain it again 【 T12】 _ others keep you 【 T13】 _ for each action and give you help 【 T13】 _ a)they are to be present in your daily life and work b)for instance: partner, family, 【 T14】 _, etc 【 T14】 _ III. Conclusion A. A lot of talks about the 【 T15】 _ to get things done 【 T15】 _ and implement sy
7、stems they have memorized B. But self-discipline remains to be the foundation of living productively. 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. T
8、he interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C
9、 and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） His reputation as a cook. （ B） His research on language learning. （ C） His fluency and proficiency in Spanish. （ D） His regular study on eggs and toast. （ A） An experienced
10、teacher. （ B） A friend of the target language. （ C） A regular learning program. （ D） An inborn talent of language. （ A） Speaking as fluently as a native speaker. （ B） Gaining proficiency in a foreign language. （ C） Learning a language well within a month. （ D） Learning words without active use of th
11、em. （ A） Practical. （ B） Conventional. （ C） Novel. （ D） Unrealistic. （ A） Following what a role model does. （ B） Learning new words in contexts. （ C） Knowing your own ways of learning. （ D） Reciting new vocabularies loudly. （ A） Those who see models of the patterns they are expected to learn. （ B） T
12、hose who favor hearing instructions over reading them. （ C） Those who are inclined to learn in a team. （ D） Those who has a distinctive learning style from others. （ A） Learning through mistakes. （ B） Learning through hands-on experience. （ C） Learning through experts advice. （ D） Learning through a
13、cademic works. （ A） Reading Dr. Adamss book. （ B） Taking an online test. （ C） Looking up a good dictionary. （ D） Watching Dr. Adamss TV program. （ A） Turn on the captions for reference. （ B） Watch in the most relaxed possible way. （ C） Pause when encountering new expressions. （ D） Use an English-Eng
14、lish dictionary. （ A） Following classroom instructions. （ B） Watching plenty of movies online. （ C） Breaking down cultural barriers. （ D） Backpacking around the world. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For e
15、ach multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 25 (1)After taking a brief hiatus to weather the recession, an invasion of Britain by some of Americas best-known retail brandsincluding Best Buy, Banana Republic a
16、nd Forever 21is back on the march. And early reports from the front line in the land of shopkeepers indicate that, unlike with earlier attempts by U. S. retailers to break Britain, British consumers are welcoming the invaders with open armsand wallets. (2)Thats not always been the case. While the Br
17、itish public has long had an appetite for American fast-food vendors, the record of U.S. retailers who have tried to make it big in Britain is mixed. But the latest arrivals enter the market as already established brands with built-in consumer awareness, thanks to the dominance of U.S. culture in me
18、dia and online. And they satisfy British shoppers desire for “something new,“ says analyst Natalie Berg, of London-based consultants Planet Retail. “They all bring a cult aspect“ to the U.K. high street. (3)Best BuyAmericas largest consumer-electronics chainkicked off the latest rush into the Britis
19、h market in May, when it opened its first-ever U.K. store. The 4,650-sq-m big-box outlet in the London suburb of Thurrock is the first of eight to 10 stores Best Buy expects to open in the country this year. And it has proved an impressive beachhead: in terms of sales volume, that first weekend was
20、the chains biggest opening weekend in its 27-year history. “We had strong expectations,“ says Paul Antoniadis, CEO of Best Buy UK (who wont reveal how much they took in over those first three days). “But the actual delivery was brilliant.“ (4)For some U.S. stores, this will be their first foray into
21、 the UK Following in Best Buys footsteps is California-based Forever 21, which specializes in cheap, trendy clothes for young women and will open its first U.K branch in Birmingham, northern England, in November. But for others, now is the time to expand on past success. Hollister, which is owned by
22、 Abercrombie 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Thomas A. Weber from Stanford University Market me
23、chanisms are open ended and provide an ongoing profit motive for companies, state agencies, and individuals to reduce emissions, as doing so either creates additional profits or yields up additional tax reductions (carbon tax). Either is better than a regulatory approach, which only requires cuts to
24、 a certain level and provides no longer-term incentive for companies to drive down emissions by investing in new technologymeaning companies will take the minimum action necessary to meet the regulatory standard. Juliet Eilperin from the US Environment Department Regulation already exists and has pr
25、oved effective, so it is unnecessary to try to construct market-based solutions. Pollution and climate change is essentially a result of market failure, and governments need to intervene to resolve this. Regulations are flexible as they can be strengthened and extended over time, building on initial
26、ly moderate measures. Regulations can also be introduced in such a way that companies are given an incentive to reduce their carbon emissions as much as possible, for example through progressive fines for CAFE vehicle emissions standards in the USA. Steven Mufson from Climate Change Authority Using
27、market mechanisms is likely to have a greater impact on peoples behaviour than regulation alone. Both a carbon tax and a trading system that prices emissions would raise the cost of fuel and electricity for ordinary people, providing an incentive to reduce their personal carbon footprint. This would
28、 have an immediate impact, and would affect all kinds of consumers, whereas regulations mandating efficiency standards for vehicles or homes would apply only to new purchases and not to the huge number of existing automobiles and houses, making any overall progress in reducing emissions extremely sl
29、ow. Brad Plumer from The Environmental Protection Agency Market-based proposals can sound great in theory but economists fail to recognize the way in which people actually live their lives. Because people value the personal freedom their motor vehicle gives them, and feel that they have no choice bu
30、t to use it to get to work, take the kids to school, etc., they will swallow very high increases in fuel taxes without changing their behaviour. Similarly, making your home energy efficient can involve a lot of initial expense, and even if this investment would pay for itself in lower bills or taxes
31、 over a number of years, many people will not feel the investment is worthwhile. Only by regulation requiring people to change their behaviour can this inertia be addressed. Cindy Long from Peking University Regulations to reduce carbon emissions will suffer all the problems of government bureaucrac
32、y. While market mechanisms will appeal to companies and consumers self-interest in a transparent way, regulations are always complex and burdensome. A massive and expensive administrative system will be needed to frame and introduce meaningful regulations, and this will impose unnecessary costs upon
33、 our economy (and probably raise taxes). Worse, because government is always so bad at regulation, companies will calculate that they need not obey the rules anywaybecause poor monitoring means they are unlikely to get caught, and weak penalties mean that even if they are caught the fines will still
34、 be less than the cost of complying with the regulations. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 879答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE
35、 THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Self-discipline: the Foundation of Productive Living Good afternoo
36、n, todays lecture is about self-discipline which serves as the foundation of productive living. Yet many who read books and blogs on this topic for the purpose of getting things done say they have trouble implementing these tools and becoming more productive. Dont worry. No system for keeping your e
37、mail under control will help you on its own. No tips for budgeting will ever help you on their own. The main problem for those who struggle with pure productivity is not being able to understand and learn systems, but a lack of self-discipline to begin with. Whats self-discipline? It is often descri
38、bed as a muscle, something that becomes stronger the more you work with it. In essence, having self-discipline from a productivity point of view is having the ability and motivation to just do it. For different fields, having self-discipline means different things; personal development fans consider
39、 it the ability to change habits. Musicians consider it the ability to get up and practice every day, so they never fall behind in their level of skill and muscle memory. One angle I like to look at self-discipline from, while not entirely containing the concept and all that it entails, can certainl
40、y be helpful: self-discipline is the power to act on ideas. It is the ability to take things from thoughts and realize them through actions and real results. Learning or creating a perfect system for processing, acting on and organizing email efficiently is not going to be worth a damn until you can
41、 force yourself to do it whenever you check your email. Knowledge itself is only part of the path. Knowledge is not productivity. Its not efficiency. Its a necessary step, and the first step towards those things, but implementation is the step that makes it worth the time and effort spent learning.
42、Primarily, remember to start small, work up to big. If you havent been able to implement ideas in real life on a small scale, then the chances that you can do something big this week, such as kick a ten-year smoking habit, are pretty small. It can and has been done, but good luck trying. There are e
43、xceptions to every rule. This is where the comparison of self-discipline to the use of a muscle is important, because if you keep trying to tackle the big problems in your life from the get-go, you set yourself up to fail again and again. The more you fail on the big things, the more motivation you
44、lose and the more it looks like the problems are too big to be beaten. Start developing your self-discipline skills by conquering small problems; if you find yourself drinking excessively and want to handle it, then start your first drink after everyone else has finished their first couple of rounds
45、. Its a small change, but your success will set you up to succeed in the next stage, which may be cutting out one night of drinking per weekend altogether. Gradually, the strength of your self-discipline increases, and the greater your success will be in tackling problems and implementing new change
46、s. If you want to create a habit rather than defeat it, its a very similar process. For instance, if you find yourself constantly unable to maintain a new email processing system, start by making an end-of-week appointment every week that you force yourself to keep. Process all your messages and cle
47、ar out your inbox during that session, and continue this until it is second nature. You can then trial it on a more regular basis. Dont start out expecting unused muscles to be strong. In the meantime, the role of accountability, the remedial therapy of self-discipline is crucial. When a person has,
48、 for some reason or another, allowed muscles to decrease to the point where they literally cant use them, they go through a long process of therapy, gradually rebuilding the strength in those muscles until they can use them without assistance. Its not impossible for this to happen with self-discipli
49、ne; someone who once possessed plenty of it can allow it to decrease by failing to use restraint and letting bad habits commandeer their life. I know this happened to me, and it wasnt easy to fix. There is a point where you let your self-discipline weaken so much that its impossible to get it back without outside assistance. That point is where accountability comes into play;
