1、华东师范大学考博英语模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Research shows heavy coffee drinking is _ a small increase in blood pressure, but not enough to increase the risk for high blood pressure. （ A） associated with （ B） compared with （ C） attributed to （ D） referred to 2 A large_of the sunlight never
2、reaches the earth while infra-red heat given off by the earth is allowed to escape freely. （ A） proportion （ B） ratio （ C） rate （ D） fraction 3 It is amusing that she_her fathers bad temper as well as her mothers good looks. （ A） retained （ B） inherited （ C） preserved （ D） maintained 4 _the few who
3、have failed in their examination, all the other students in the hall are in very high spirits. （ A） In spite that （ B） But for （ C） For the sake of （ D） Apart from 5 The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last_the attention of average Americans. （ A） clarifi
4、ed （ B） cultivated （ C） captured （ D） characterized 6 That he brought the company big profits wouldnt_putting the companys money into his own pockets. （ A） justify （ B） clarify （ C） testify （ D） amplify 7 Were_50 new staff this year as business grows. （ A） taking over （ B） taking in （ C） taking on （
5、 D） taking up 8 Is the theory of evolution in direct _with religious teachings, or does it leave room for debate? （ A） comparison （ B） distinction （ C） disturbance （ D） contradiction 9 Libraries are an investment for the future and should not be allowed to fall into_. （ A） dissolution （ B） decay （ C
6、） decline （ D） depression 10 A transplant operation is successful only if doctors can prevent the body from rejecting the _organ. （ A） borrowed （ B） strange （ C） novel （ D） foreign 11 Then in June 1967 the country_diplomatic relations with Israel after the outbreak of the Six Day War. （ A） broke awa
7、y （ B） broke off （ C） cut out （ D） cut down 12 Everyone has faced the embarrassing_of deciding how much extra to give a waiter or taxi-driver. （ A） incident （ B） event （ C） dilemma （ D） menace 13 The school arranged road trip appears to_the spring break. （ A） conform to （ B） coincide with （ C） consi
8、st in （ D） collide with 14 The new airport terminal is sure to_the development of tourism. （ A） imitate （ B） fascinate （ C） impose （ D） facilitate 15 The Huntington Library has an_collection of rare books and manuscripts of British and American history and literature. （ A） intensive （ B） intentional
9、 （ C） extensive （ D） extensional 16 Inflation will reach its highest in a decade across most of Asia this year, threatening to_ recent productivity gains. （ A） reverse （ B） reserve （ C） retrieve （ D） revise 17 Those governments will provide big food and fuel_according to the Asian Development Bank.
10、（ A） substitutes （ B） substances （ C） subsequences （ D） subsidies 18 In mild winters apple buds began to break soon after Christmas, leaving them_to frost damage. （ A） reluctant （ B） tough （ C） hostile （ D） vulnerable 19 What is happening is a survival-of-the-fittest struggle affecting _ smaller fac
11、tories in relatively low-tech, labor-intensive industries. （ A） primarily （ B） rationally （ C） primitively （ D） respectively 20 A traditional critic has the advantage of being able to_standards and values inherited from the past. （ A） turn up （ B） turn over （ C） turn to （ D） turn in 21 Susan never t
12、ook any cookery courses; she learned cooking by _ useful tips from TV cookery programs. （ A） bringing up （ B） picking up （ C） putting up （ D） pulling up 22 The President_his deputy to act for him while he was abroad. （ A） promoted （ B） substituted （ C） displaced （ D） authorized 23 It_without saying
13、that consumers would be happier if prices were lower. （ A） takes （ B） appears （ C） goes （ D） makes 24 The world economic recession put an_end to the steel market upturn that began in 2002. （ A） irregular （ B） illegal （ C） absurd （ D） abrupt 25 Im_about how you discovered my website, and Im very glad
14、 if you enjoy it. （ A） mysterious （ B） furious （ C） curious （ D） serious 26 The Labor Partys electoral strategy, based on an_with other smaller parties, has proved successful. （ A） acquaintance （ B） integration （ C） intimacy （ D） alliance 27 The new aircraft will be_to a test of temperatures of -65
15、and 120 . （ A） suspended （ B） suppressed （ C） subjected （ D） summoned 28 The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful_to my ordinary income. （ A） supplement （ B） profit （ C） subsidy （ D） replacement 29 Chinese people are now enjoying better dental heath, as shown by the declining_ of tooth
16、 decay. （ A） incidence （ B） treatment （ C） consequence （ D） misfortune 30 Many countries have conservation programs to prevent certain _ of fish from becoming extinct. （ A） sources （ B） species （ C） numbers （ D） members 二、 Cloze 30 Given the advantage of electronic money, you might think that we sho
17、uld move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically【 C1】_, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been【 C2】 _for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic
18、 means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very【 C3】 _of money itself,“ only to【 C4】 _itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so【 C5】 _in coming? Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors
19、 work【 C6】 _the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very【 C7】 _to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the【 C8】_form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they【 C9】_receipts, something that many consumers
20、are unwilling to【 C10】 _. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float“ it takes several days【 C11】 _a check is cashed and funds are【 C12】 _from the issuers account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.【 C13】 _electronic pa
21、yments are immediate; they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may【 C14】 _security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information【 C15】 _there. The fact that this
22、 is not an【 C16】 _occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and【 C17】 _from someone elses accounts. The【 C18】 _of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to【 C19】 _security issues. A furt
23、her concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic【 C20】 _that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 31 【 C1】 （ A） However （ B） Moreover （
24、C） Therefore （ D） Otherwise 32 【 C2】 （ A） off （ B） back （ C） over （ D） around 33 【 C3】 （ A） power （ B） concept （ C） history （ D） role 34 【 C4】 （ A） reward （ B） resist （ C） resume （ D） reverse 35 【 C5】 （ A） silent （ B） sudden （ C） slow （ D） steady 36 【 C6】 （ A） for （ B） against （ C） with （ D） on 37 【
25、 C7】 （ A） imaginative （ B） expensive （ C） sensitive （ D） productive 38 【 C8】 （ A） similar （ B） original （ C） temporary （ D） dominant 39 【 C9】 （ A） collect （ B） provide （ C） copy （ D） print 40 【 C10】 （ A） give up （ B） take over （ C） bring back （ D） pass down 41 【 C11】 （ A） before （ B） after （ C） sinc
26、e （ D） when 42 【 C12】 （ A） kept （ B） borrowed （ C） released （ D） withdrawn 43 【 C13】 （ A） Unless （ B） Until （ C） Because （ D） Though 44 【 C14】 （ A） hide （ B） express （ C） raise （ D） ease 45 【 C15】 （ A） analyzed （ B） shared （ C） stored （ D） displayed 46 【 C16】 （ A） unsafe （ B） unnatural （ C） uncommon
27、 （ D） unclear 47 【 C17】 （ A） steal （ B） choose （ C） benefit （ D） return 48 【 C18】 （ A） consideration （ B） prevention （ C） manipulation （ D） justification 49 【 C19】 （ A） cope with （ B） fight against （ C） adapt to （ D） call for 50 【 C20】 （ A） chunk （ B） chip （ C） path （ D） trail 三、 Reading Comprehensi
28、on 50 A particular area in which assumptions and values differ between cultures is that of friendship. Friendships among Americans tend to be shorter and less intense than those among people from many other cultures. At least many observers from abroad have this impression. Because Americans are tau
29、ght to be self-reliant, because they live in a very mobile society, and for many other reasons as well, they tend to avoid deep involvement with other people. Furthermore, Americans tend to “compartmentalize“ their friendships, having their “friends at work“ , “friends at school“ , a “tennis friend“
30、 , and so on. Americans often seem very friendly, even when you first meet them. This friendliness does not usually mean that the American is looking for a deeper relationship. The result of these attitudes and behaviors is sometimes viewed by foreigner as an “inability to be friends“. Other times i
31、t is seen as a normal way to retain personal happiness in a mobile, ever-changing society. People normally have in their minds stereotypes about people who are different from themselves. Stereotypes are based on limited and incomplete experience and information, but they shape peoples thoughts and e
32、xpectations. Americans have many stereotypes about foreign students in general(for example, that they are very hard working, intelligent, and rich; that they do not speak English well)and about particular categories of foreign students(Chinese are polite and good at mathematics, for example, or Ital
33、ians are emotional). And foreign students have their own stereotypes of Americans, for example, that they are arrogant, rude, and generous. There are two stereotypes that often effect male-female relationships involving U. S. and foreign students. The first is the idea, held by some foreign males, t
34、hat American females are invariably willing, if not anxious, to have sex. The second common stereotype, held by some American females, is that male foreign students have no interest in American females other than having sex with them. The existence of these and other stereotypes can give rise to con
35、siderable misunderstanding and can block the development of a mutually satisfactory relationship between particular individuals. Stereotypes seem unavoidable, given the way the human mind seeks to categorize and classify information, so it is not realistic to suppose people can “forget their stereot
36、ypes“. But they can be aware of their stereotypes, and be ready to find exceptions to them. 51 Concerning friendship, Americans_. （ A） look for a deeper relationship in a close circle （ B） avoid deep relationship with other people （ C） are friendly at first but do not remain so later on （ D） do not
37、make good friends 52 The word “compartmentalize“ in the first paragraph means “ _“. （ A） separate in categories （ B） treat differently （ C） evaluate accordingly （ D） judge fairly 53 The authors attitude toward the American type of friendship seems to be_. （ A） approving （ B） critical （ C） biased （ D
38、） objective 54 According to the author, stereotypes concerning male-female relationships involving U. S. and foreign students are_. （ A） helpful （ B） meaning less （ C） harmful （ D） useless 55 According to the author, stereotypes seem unavoidable because_. （ A） it is natural to have them （ B） it is e
39、asy to find exceptions （ C） they provide better understanding （ D） they contribute to friendship 55 You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things. In the s
40、upermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the “ decompression zone“. People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tends to be used mo
41、re for promotion. Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It
42、 turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on. Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt c
43、ustomers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time“ : the length of time people spend in a store. Traditionally retailers m
44、easure “football“ , as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked peoples phones at Gunwharf Qu
45、ays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1 $ sales rose 1. 3% . Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding a
46、bout how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work. 56 In Paragraph 2, “decompression zone“ is t
47、he area meant to_. （ A） prepare shoppers for the mood of buying （ B） offer shoppers a place to have a rest （ C） encourage shoppers to try new products （ D） provide shoppers with discount information 57 Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers _. （ A） common s
48、ense （ B） shopping habits （ C） shopping psychology （ D） concerns with time 58 Path intelligence uses a technology to_. （ A） measure how long people stay at a store （ B） count how many people enter a store （ C） find out what people buy in a store （ D） monitor what people say and do in a store 59 The author argues that shoppers_. （ A） exert more influence on stores than they imagine （ B） are more likely to make rational choices than they know （ C） have more control over what they buy than they assume （ D） tend to make more emotional decisions than they think 60 The best titl
