1、国家公共英语三级（家与家人，环境）练习试卷 5及答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is
2、 no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspaces
3、in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not means, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this
4、 lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of
5、recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is us
6、ed for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the Street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a re
7、creative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment t
8、he nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you. 1 According to the author, the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment _. （ A） is still unknown （ B） is usually neglected （ C） is being closely studied （ D） has been full
9、y recognized 2 The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to _. （ A） the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighbourhood （ B） the location of recreation facilities far from home （ C） relatively little attention for recreative possibilities （ D） the impr
10、ovement of recreative possibilities in the neighbourhood 3 The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of greenspace should be provided _. （ A） in special areas （ B） in the suburbs （ C） in the neighbourhood of the house （ D） in gardens and parks 4 According to the author, greenspace facili
11、ties should be designed in such a way that _. （ A） more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspect （ B） more and more people might have access to them （ C） an increasing number of recreative activities might be developed （ D） recreative activities might be brought into our homes 5 The m
12、ain idea of this passage is that _. （ A） better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life （ B） attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities （ C） the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many year
13、s ago （ D） priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities 5 One of the earliest changes experienced by newly modernizing countries is the reduction of infectious disease through the diffusion of public health technology. Public health technology lowers the death rate, especially
14、among infants and children, causing rapid population growth. Since most of the people of less developed nations live in rural areas that cannot absorb the increased population, unemployment presses people off the land. They tend to migrate into urban areas where newly developing industry and commerc
15、e and modern consumer goods and services offer hope for employment and a better life. Unfortunately, the opportunities are more apparent than real; and often the transition is more painful than pleasant. In the courses of the transition from agrarian life to modern urban living, the family undergoes
16、 major changes in function, structure, relations, and style. Functionally the family changes from a production unit to a consumption unit. No longer is there need for a large multi-worker household to operate the familys farm interests, and the extended family household changes to the one containing
17、 only a core nuclear family. In the city children become economic liabilities rather than economic assets, and eventually families have fewer of them. Wives lose their functions as producers and maintainers of the labor force and become free to pursue extra household activities. The modern economy f
18、orces work outside the home away from kinfolk. Not only the father but also the mother is forced into the marketplace or factory to obtain enough money for the family to survive in a pecuniary economy. Without the extended family household, no one remains at home to supervise children, so they are l
19、eft on their own. They may be sent into the streets to earn money. Daily life becomes filled with more secondary than primary relations. There is an erosion of family control over individual members. Scarce urban housing forces overcrowding in both dwelling and neighborhood. Dense structures with co
20、mmon halls, stairways, and utilities cause more intensive contact with neighbors than in rural villages. Loss of rural courtyards, over rooms, and large family areas drives group activities such as cooking, eating, and sitting into small rooms or city streets. More positively, household furnishings
21、change as families are able to acquire the high-status accoutrements of modern living such as kerosene burners for cooking ( replacing dung cakes) and beds (instead of mats). 6 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） The spread of public health technology reduced infectious
22、 disease. （ B） The reduction of infectious disease lowered the birthrate. （ C） The lower death rate encouraged the population to grow faster. （ D） The larger population created greater employment pressure. 7 By “wives lose their functions as producers and maintainers of the labor force“, the author
23、means that _. （ A） many women are no longer able to join the labor force （ B） many women become too weak to work （ C） many women refuse to have children （ D） the major job for women is no longer to give birth to and bring up children 8 The first sentence of Paragraph , “The modern economy forces wor
24、k outside the home away from kinsfolk“ means that _. （ A） the forces of modern economy operate beyond the influence of the family （ B） the forces of modern economy are going out of the family （ C） modern economy forces work to go out of the family （ D） modern economy forces work which is outside the
25、 home to move away from family members 9 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） In todays city life, nobody is willing to stay home to supervise children. （ B） Todays city family has very weak control over its members. （ C） Extended families from the countryside sur
26、vive only in mutual activities. （ D） All immigrants from abroad need help from relatives to become independent. 10 According to the author, it is good that _. （ A） neighbors in cities have more intensive contact with one another than rural people. （ B） group activities such as cooking, eating, and s
27、itting take place in small rooms or city streets. （ C） families are able to acquire the high-status accoutrements of modern living （ D） there is a cultural lag in the US 国家公共英语三 级（家与家人，环境）练习试卷 5答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A,
28、B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参阅第一段第三句： At present it is generally accepted， 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题测试对句子意思的理解。参阅第二段第一句：多年来在城乡规划中人们一直把居住、工作、交通和娱乐从理论上进行了分割，依我看，这就使人们过多地注意把各种娱乐设施建在远离家园的地方，而很少关注改善开发家园附近居住区的娱乐潜力。 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 3 【正确答案】 C 【试
29、题解析】 参阅第二段第二、三句。 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参 阅第二段最后一句。 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题测试综合归纳的能力。通常，文章第一句是该文的主题句。本文第一句作为主题句，概述了文章的主要内容：城市环境中的绿色设施非常重要，它使我们的生活丰富多彩，因而应该得到更为充分的利用。因此选 A。 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 答题依据在第一段。本段主要讲解公共健康技术的传播、传染性疾病的减少和人口增长的相互关系与影响。 传染疾病的减少使得人口
30、增加，人口的出生率也上升了，而 B的陈述恰好与此相反。 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本文比较女性传统角色和现代角色的变化。传统意义上，女性的主要作用是繁衍，给劳动力市场提高新的力量。在现代社会里，生存的压力和生活质量的提高要求女性承担更多的责任，汇人劳动人军。 A与题意相反。 B、 C文章中并未涉及。 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 社会的进步与流动性的增大拓宽了人们的生活空间，并且，人 们也很难在原先狭小的范围内发展和改善生活。所以，人的工作和生活不再像原来那样局限于家庭影响之内，而是走出家门，出外工作。另外三个选项都是对该句字面意思的误解。 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 由于生存和竞争的压力，人们没有时间和精力专一在家中照看孩子，并不是人们不乐意这样去做。选项 D文中并未涉及。 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 答题依据是最后一段，该段讲述现代生活由于空间局限而产生的一些变化。前三个选 项都属于变化范围，但 C得到了作者的认可，故选此。 【知识模块】 家与家人，环境
