1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 158及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of Campus Activities and then explain the benefits of campus activities. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write y
2、our essay on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） He is an excellent teacher. （ B） He is a terrible teacher. （ C） The students gave him a not high point. （ D） The students gave him a low point. （ A） More work as a teaching assistant. （ B） A higher salary. （ C） A longer vacation period. （ D） A research ass
3、ignment. （ A） Hell start next week. （ B） He wouldnt enjoy it. （ C） He would like time to decide. （ D） He wants his advisers opinion. （ A） Franks talent for teaching. （ B） Franks interesting approach to research. （ C） A present Frank will receive for graduation. （ D） A congratulatory letter from the
4、department （ A） The colors of clothing. （ B） The individual taste on clothing. （ C） The idea of psychology of clothing. （ D） The clothing fashion. （ A） It is a subconscious thing. （ B） It reflects a lack of self-consciousness. （ C） It is unnecessary indeed. （ D） It is a kind of conscious act. （ A） H
5、e has a feeling of insecurity. （ B） He is missing his family. （ C） He lacks self-confidence. （ D） He feels ill. （ A） Warmer clothes. （ B） More aggressive clothes. （ C） Brighter colors of clothes. （ D） More casual clothes. Section B （ A） Because they cant afford to. （ B） Because they think small hous
6、es are more comfortable to live in. （ C） Because big houses are usually built in the countryside. （ D） Because they prefer apartments. （ A） In apartment. （ B） In motel. （ C） In the downtown. （ D） In the area where houses are cheaper. （ A） Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartme
7、nts. （ B） Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited. （ C） Because many older people sell their houses after their children leave. （ D） Because many people have quit their old houses to build new ones. （ A） They have to do their own maintenance. （ B） They have to furnish t
8、heir own houses. （ C） They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment. （ D） They will find it difficult to dispose of their old-style furniture. （ A） American farmers travels from a village to his fields each morning. （ B） American farmers have more money. （ C） Each American farmer famil
9、y lives quite far from any neighbors. （ D） American farmers dont like to leave their fields. （ A） City life is much the same in many parts of the world. （ B） In the United States, farm families live on their own farms. （ C） In many parts of the world, farmers live in villages. （ D） Farmer families i
10、n the United States have more children than families in the city. （ A） Only three days. （ B） Saturday and Sunday. （ C） Only one day. （ D） Throughout the week. Section C （ A） It taught students how to use scanners and other multimedia devices. （ B） It had students build a database of pictures of thei
11、r grandparents. （ C） It had students write about American history. （ D） It encouraged students to write stories about local history. （ A） They received a few scanners worth more than 10,000 dollars. （ B） The first student brought to school more than 100 photos. （ C） They built a database of old phot
12、os. （ D） They combined reading with photograph scanning. （ A） Because she believed strongly in the value of reading. （ B） Because she was an English teacher and her own children had read a lot. （ C） Because she needed some stories to put on her webpage. （ D） Because the school required third grade s
13、tudents to write stories. （ A） It is an important exam students take for each course. （ B） It is an important task assigned by each course. （ C） It is a writing and research project designed by the school. （ D） It is a writing task designed by Mrs. Happeny. （ A） People began to go strike for food. （
14、 B） Some countries have to cut down food supplies. （ C） People are dying of hunger. （ D） Some governments have to drive their people into other countries. （ A） 80 million. （ B） 70 million. （ C） More than 3,500 million. （ D） About 3,000 million. （ A） Latin America. （ B） North America. （ C） South Amer
15、ica. （ D） Central America. （ A） An American. （ B） The French men. （ C） An English man. （ D） A Chinese man. （ A） Because it was difficult to get the pictures and sound together. （ B） Because the audiences liked the silent form. （ C） Because the inventors and producers liked the silent form. （ D） Beca
16、use the inventors and producers had no money to marry the image with sound. （ A） In 1890s. （ B） In 1923. （ C） In the early 1920s. （ D） In 1903. Section A 26 An explosion had thrown radioman Harley Olson out of bed. He worked wildly, trying to【 C1】 _an SOS. But the power was gone. Harley ran on deck.
17、 The crew was【 C2】 _into lifeboats. There was no room for him. He had no choice but to jump into the black water and start to swim. Suddenly, in the darkness, his fingers hit something hard. It was a life raft. Climbing【 C3】 _. Harley called out again and again. But no one answered. Soon his first f
18、eeling of【 C4】 _left him. In one way he was lucky. The raft had enough food and water for 15 men for several weeks. At daybreak, Harley saw some little boxes【 C5】 _by. He fished one out of the sea. Chewing gum. Quickly, he【 C6】 _in 20 small cartons. In the afternoon, Harley【 C7】 _another raft he tie
19、d it to his own. Later, a third raft bobbed up. And then a mattress floated by him in the wreckage. Harley could hardly believe his eyes. Here was the start of a bed room. He tugged the mattress aboard. Using boxes, he made himself a bed. With a blanket, he made a【 C8】 _from the hot sun. the next mo
20、rning, he ate like a king. The sea was always peaceful. Every day was like a vacation. When the sun got hot, the carefree sailor took a swim, after that, he enjoyed a sunbath. Each evening, before going to bed, he went for a walk on the two rafts floating behind. Harley Olson was【 C9】 _with his King
21、dom on the sea. The【 C10】 _trip lasted 28 days. A)pleasure B)hauled C)radio D)launch E)scrambling F)sight G)panic H)dimension I)aboard J)floating K)intensively L)spotted M)superior N)delighted O)shade 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section
22、B 36 In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a lette
23、r. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. HIV & AIDS AAIDS has now surpassed the Black Death on its course to become the worst pandemic in human history. At the end of 2004, 20 million people had been killed by it, and twice that number is currently infected with
24、 HIV. Barring a medical breakthrough, it could claim the lives of some 60 million people by 2015. AIDS exerts a terrible toll on societies, crippling their economies, decimating their labor forces and orphaning their children. BNine out of 10 people living with HIV are in the developing world: 60 to
25、 70% of those are in Sub-Saharan Africa. But the disease is spreading in every region, with fierce epidemics threatening to tear through countries such as India, China, Russia and the islands of the Caribbean. The statistics are sobering in some Southern African towns 44% of pregnant women are HIV p
26、ositive, in Botswana 37% of people carry the virus. CThe human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is a retrovirus a virus built of RNA instead of more typical DNA. It attacks the very cells of the immune system that should be protecting the body against it T lymphocytes and other white blood cells with CD4
27、receptors on their surfaces. The virus uses the CD4 receptor to bind with and thereby enter the lymphocyte. HIV then integrates itself into the cells own DNA, turning the cell into a virus-generating factory. The new viruses break free, destroying the cell, then move on to attack other lymphocytes.
28、DHIV kills by slowly destroying the immune system. Several weeks after initial infection, flu-like symptoms are experienced. Then the immune system kicks-in, and the virus mostly retreats into hiding within lymph tissues. The untreated, infected individual usually remains healthy for 5 to 15 years,
29、but the virus continues to replicate in the background, slowly obliterating the immune system. Eventually the body is unable to defend itself and succumbs to overwhelming opportunistic infections that rarely affect healthy people. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)is the name given to this fi
30、nal stage of HIV infection, and is characterized by multiple, life-threatening illnesses such is weight loss, chronic diarrheoa, rare cancers, pneumonia, fungal conditions and infections of the brain and eye. Tuberculosis has become especially prevalent in AIDS victims. EGenetic analyses hint that a
31、ncestral primate HIV may have been born a million years ago when a chimpanzee virus hybridized(杂交 )with a related monkey variety. However researchers believe it was not until the 1930s that this jumped to humans eating chimp meat in Central Africa. That variety became HIV-1 the most widespread type.
32、 A second type, HIV-2, restricted to West Africa, was probably contracted in the 1960s from monkey meat. Another theory was that the AIDS pandemic was accidentally started by doctors testing a polio vaccine in the 1950s detailed in Edward Hoopers book The River but this has been severely criticized
33、by other researchers. FAIDS must have been circulating in the US and Africa during the 1970s. But it was not recognized until 1981 when young gay men and injecting drug users, in New York and California, started to be diagnosed with both an unusual skin cancer called Kaposis sarcoma, and lethal pneu
34、monias. By the end of that year 121 people in the US had died that number would rise to 17,000 over the next six years. Government scientists predicted that the mysterious immune-debilitating illness was due to an infectious agent. In 1984 that agent was identified as HIV by Luc Montagnier of the Pa
35、steur Institute in Paris, France, and Robert Gallo of the National Cancer Institute in Washington DC, US. GSoon after the appearance of AIDS in the US, the disease was detected in Europe too and epidemics affecting heterosexual men and women sprang up at an alarming rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Today
36、 one in five people in that region are living with the virus. AIDS epidemics also threaten to devastate the worlds most populous nations India and China if action is not taken to bring them under control. HHIV is found in body fluids such as: blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. It can be p
37、assed on through sharing contaminated needles when injecting street drugs or in hospitals. It can also be transmitted from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding though many children escape infection. HIV cannot be passed on through kissing, coughing, mosquito bites or to
38、uching. IHealth authorities are focusing on prevention as a key method to limit the spread of the epidemic. Educational programs preach abstinence from sex, monogamy and safer sex using condoms, as ways to protect against infection. Many countries give away free condoms and offer needle exchange pro
39、grams to try and limit transmission among injecting drug users. Microbicides in the form of creams that prevent transmission of HIV may soon offer another method of protection. JA vaccine, as an alternative method to prevent HIV infection, may still be many years away. This is partly because the vir
40、us mutates so rapidly. A vaccine may not only have to prime antibodies to attack the virus(the way most vaccines work)but might also need to increase T-cell production. Vaccine trial: have been undertaken in South Africa, Kenya, the US and Thailand though most have yet to yield promising results. Co
41、ntroversial vaccines made from the blood of HIV carriers, have been tested is Nigeria and Thailand. KThere is no cure for AIDS, but a range of drugs some of which have unpleasant side-effects are available to slow its progress. Other drugs are used to treat opportunistic infections or AIDS symptoms.
42、 Even some herbal treatments have been investigated. Most anti-HIV drugs aim at stalling viral replication. Nucleoside analogues such as AZT(zidovudine)and also non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs)(非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂 ), attack the action of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. This pr
43、events it from creating functional DNA which would otherwise integrate into the DNA of infected cells. LA third class block protease, an enzyme essential for generating functional virus particles. Protease inhibitors are the most effective of the three types of drugs, and AIDS mortality fell dramati
44、cally in the US when they were first licensed during the late 1990s. Fusion inhibitors are a newer type of drug that work by stopping HIV from binding with CD4 receptors that it uses to enter cells. Drugs that block another enzyme, integrase(整合酶 ), are also under development. MAIDS drugs are often a
45、dministered in combination cocktails of three or more kinds simultaneously, as this helps slow the rate at which HIV develops resistance to drugs. But the virus is able to evolve rapidly and can eventually outpace the drugs if treatment regimens are not followed rigorously. Though drugs are widely a
46、vailable in Western countries, their expense means they are unavailable to the vast majority of AIDS sufferers. International bodies are working towards widening access to treatment in the developing world. Some companies in countries such as India and Thailand are now producing cheap generic copies
47、 of drugs. NThe economic and social burden of AIDS exerts a great toll on developing nations in addition to that exerted by mortality itself. AIDS is hindering development and leading to negative population growth in some of the most seriously affected nations, such as Botswana. OThis excessive AIDS
48、 mortality is causing a great demographic shift, wiping out young adults in the prime of their lives. This leaves children orphaned, and is destroying workforces and economies. Some predict that the labor forces of 38 AIDS ravaged countries will be up to 35% smaller by 2020, because of AIDS. PThe ef
49、fect of AIDS on agricultural communities in Southern Africa is even leading to food shortages. Social stigma and discrimination is yet another problem for many AIDS sufferers, especially in Asian nations. 37 HIV integrates into the DNA of infected cells turn the cell of the immune system into a virus-generating factory. 38 It will take many years to develop effective vaccines to prevent HIV infection, partly because the virus mutates so rapidly. 39 AIDS poses serious proble
