[考研类试卷]2008年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析.doc
《[考研类试卷]2008年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《[考研类试卷]2008年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析.doc(13页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、2008年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析 一、名词解释 1 Embedding 2 Morphology 3 Lingua franca 4 Minimal pairs 5 Synchronic linguistics 6 Interlanguage 7 Adjacency pairs 8 Componential analysis 9 Mode of discourse 10 Code-switching 二、简答题 11 What is linguistic determinism? 12 What is sociolinguistics? 13 What are
2、the major concerns of the Prague School theory? 14 What are the crucial features or criteria of diglossia in the narrow sense of the term? 15 What are the unique features of Hallidays systemic linguistics? 16 Why is it important to know the relations a sign has with others, such as syntagmatic and p
3、aradigmatic relations? 17 A speech act consists of three related acts according to J. L. Austins Speech Act theory. What are they? Analyze the following conversation in the light of Speech Act theory. Customer: Waiter! Theres a fly in my soup. Waiter: Dont worry, theres no extra charge. 18 Words are
4、 in different sense relations with each other. What sense relation is illustrated in each of the pairs of words below? Add one more example to each pair. (a)casual informal(b)intelligent stupid (c)steal steel(d)animal dog 19 What do you think is the difference between descriptive linguistics and pre
5、scriptive linguistics? 20 Think of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle proposed by P. Grice, and explain the violation of maxims in the cases below. (1)A: Have you seen my watch? B: Look in the drawer. (2)A: Renos the capital of Nevada. B: Yeah, Londons the capital of New Jersey. (3)A: I re
6、ally liked that dinner. B: Im a vegetarian. (4)A: Lets dine out with the kids this weekend. B: Okay, but not M-c-D-o-n-a-l-d-s. 三、写作题 21 What do you think is the relationship between the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign and the way language is used to classify reality? Illustrate your view with
7、examples. 22 Eskimos have many different words for different types of snow, Aborigines for different types of sand, and in Arabic one must choose from a whole range of words which are subsumed under the Western category CAMEL. Can you explain these phenomena with your linguistic knowledge? 23 Which
8、linguistic school or approach do you think will develop rapidly in China? Elaborate your view in no less than 100 words. 2008年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案与解析 一、名词解释 1 【正确答案】 Embedding refers to the means by which one clause is included in the sentence(main clause)in syntactic subordination. 【试题解析】 此题考查的是
9、考生对嵌入的理解。我们知道,小句既可以是独立的,也可以是非独立的。当把一个小句当作非独立小句进行嵌入时,其实就是将这个句子与另一个句子相结合。嵌 入指的是将小句包含到句子 (主句 )里使其在句法上处于从属地位的一种方式。嵌入的概念可以从教程第四章 102页找到。 2 【正确答案】 Morphology is a branch of linguistics which is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning morphemes and word-fo
10、rmation processes. 【试题解析】 本题考查的是形态学的定义。形态学是语言学的一个分支,主要是关于词语的内部结构。形态学研究的是意义的最小单位 语素以及构词过程。考生可在教程第 16页找到答案。同时,考生还应掌握语言学其他分支的定义。 3 【正确答案】 Lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people from diverse linguistic backgrounds. It can be generalized to
11、refer to any other language used as a trade or communication medium. 【试题解析】 此题考查的是考生对混合语言的定义。考生可参考简明教程第七章有关 Sociolinguistics的相关内容。 4 【正确答案】 A minimal pair refers to two words in a language which are different from each other by only one sound and thus each has a different meaning. For example, in be
12、at and bit there is only one sound that makes them different from each other in pronunciation and meaning. We can call beat and bit a minimal pair. 【试题解析】 此题考查的是考生对最小对立体的理解。这是音位和音位 变体中的一个相关概念。最小对立体是指同一语言中的两个词,这两个词只有一个音位不同,因此意义也不同,我们就将这一对词称为最小对立体。例如, beat和 bit只有一个音位不同,因此也造成其意义各异,我们可以将这两个词称为一个最小对立体。参考
13、答案可在教程第 38-40页找到。 5 【正确答案】 Synchronic linguistics is the study of language by taking a fixed theoretical instant(usually, but not necessarily, the present)as its point of observation. 【试题解析】 此题考查的是考生对共时语言学这一概念的理解。共时语言学是指在某一理论上的时间点研究语言的方法。参考答案可在教程第 20-21页找到。同时考生还应理解与此相对应的历时语言学的概念。 6 【正确答案】 The type o
14、f language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as interlanguage. It is often understood as a dynamic language system between the target language and the learners native language. It is imperfect compared with the
15、 target language, but it is not mere translation from the learners native language. 【试题解析】 此题考查的是考生对中介语的理解。中介语是指正在学习过程中的第二语言或者外语学习者构建的一种语言。它通常是介于目标语和学习者母语之间的一种动态语言系统。与目标语相比它还不够完善,但也不是学习者母语的简单翻译。参考答案可在教程第 271-272页找到。 7 【正确答案】 Adjacency pairs are sequences of two utterances that are adjacent, produced
16、 by different speakers and ordered as a first part and a second part. They are typed, so that a particular first part requires a particular second. Adjacency pairs are considered by Levinson to be a fundamental unit of conversational organization. 【试题解析】 此题考查的是考生对语言使用中所涉及的一个概念 相邻对的理解。相邻对是会话结构的基本组成单位
17、,是日常会话中出现的在两个不同说话者之间前后衔接的一个话轮。此题答案考生可参考 Stephen C Levinson的Pragmatics,即语用学一书第 303308页。 8 【正确答案】 Componential analysis is a way of analyzing word meaning based on the belief that the meaning of a word is not an unanalysable whole. A word can be divided into semantic components, which are called seman
18、tic features. It is claimed by showing the semantic components of a word in with positive and negative signs to indicate whether a certain semantic feature is present or absent in the meaning of a word, we may better account for sense relations. 【试题解析】 此题考查的是考生对成分分析法的理解。一些语言学家建议说词义并非不可分析的整体,它可以被看作由不
19、同语义特征组成的复合体,有比词更小的语义单位,即语义特征。通过用正负号来表示语义特征的存在与缺失。通过这样的方式我们可以更好地解释语义关系。这就是成分分析法。考生可参考教程第 114-117页的内容。 9 【正确答案】 Mode of discourse mainly refers to the means of communication. It is concerned with “how“communication is carried out: oral, written, etc. 【试题解析】 本题考查的是考生对话语方式的理解。话语方式是指话语的交际渠道和方式,即交际是通过何种方式
20、进行的,分为口语、书面语等。考生可参考简明教程第 119-120页的内容。 10 【正确答案】 People change from one language or language variety to another in the midst of utterance. This is called code-switching. This can take place between or even within sentences, involving phrases or words or even parts of words. 【试题解析】 此题考查的是语码转换的含义。如果同一说
21、话者使用 双语或同一语言的不同变体,并且在言语过程中交替转换使用不同语码,我们将这种现象称为语码转换。考生可参考 Bernard Spolsky的 Sociolinguistics(社会语用学 )第4950页相关内容。 二、简答题 11 【正确答案】 Linguistic determinism is a theory developed by Benjamin Lee Whorf who was influenced by Sapir. It suggests that our language helps mould our way of thinking and consequently
22、 different languages may probably express speakers unique ways of understanding the world. Following this argument, two important points can be captured in this theory. On the one hand, language may determine our thinking patterns; on the other similarity between languages is relative. For this reas
23、on, this hypothesis has alternatively been referred to as Linguistic Determinism and Linguistic Relativity. In a loose sense, linguistic determinism, linguistic relativity, and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis can be regarded synonyms. 【试题解析】 此题考查的是考生对社会语言学中的语言决定论的理解。沃尔夫受萨丕尔的影响,提出了著名的 “萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说 ”。该理论认为,语
24、言塑造了我们的思维模式,相应地,不同的语言表达决定了人们认识世界方式的不同。从这个观点出发可以得到两点认识:一方面,语言可以决定我们的思维方式;另一方面,语言之间的相似性是相对的,结构性差异越大,反映出对于世界的认识越不同。因此,这个假说也被称为 “语言决定论 ”、 “语言相对主义 ”。宽泛地说, “语言决定论 ”、 “语言相对论 ”、 “萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说 ”可以看作同义词。 12 【正确答案】 Sociolinguistics, as an interdisciplinary study of language use, attempts to show the relationships
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
本资源只提供5页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
2000 积分 1人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 试卷 2008 北京 航空航天大学 英语专业 语言学 答案 解析 DOC
![提示](http://www.mydoc123.com/images/bang_tan.gif)