1、考研英语模拟试卷 197及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of (1)_ oil is over. What we all do next wil
2、l determine how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2)_. Demand is soaring like (3)_ before. As populations grow and economies (4)_, millions in the developing world are enjoying the benefits of a lifestyle that (5)_ increasing amounts of energy. In fact, some say
3、that in 20 years the world will (6)_ 40% more oil than it does today. At the same time, many of the worlds oil and gas fields are (7)_. And new energy discoveries are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (8)_, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand
4、meets (9)_ supplies, the result is more (10)_ for the same resources. We can wait until a crisis forces us to do something. (11)_ we can (12)_ to working together, and start by asking the (13)_ questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of industrialized nations? Wh
5、at role will renewables and (14)_ energies play? What is the best way to protect our environment? How do we accelerate our conservation efforts? (15)_ actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16)_ to the next 50 years. At Chevron, we believe that innovation, collaboration and conservati
6、on are the (17)_ on which to build this new world. We cannot do this alone. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution as (18)_ as they are part of the problem. We (19)_ scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders o
7、f industry and each one of you to be part of (20)_ the next era of energy. （ A） fossil （ B） eternal （ C） easy （ D） formidable （ A） after （ B） beyond （ C） later （ D） afterward （ A） never （ B） long （ C） ever （ D） sometime （ A） take on （ B） take to （ C） take off （ D） take after （ A） acquires （ B） requi
8、res （ C） rescue （ D） inquires （ A） consume （ B） restrain （ C） resume （ D） comprise （ A） emerging （ B） menacing （ C） erupting （ D） maturing （ A） extract （ B） construct （ C） extol （ D） extemporize （ A） ampler （ B） surplus （ C） emergent （ D） tighter （ A） accommodation （ B） competition （ C） stimulation
9、（ D） cooperation （ A） Or else （ B） Nevertheless （ C） Or （ D） Albeit （ A） commit （ B） strive （ C） conduct （ D） simulate （ A） novel （ B） toxic （ C） numerous （ D） tough （ A） alternate （ B） subterranean （ C） alternative （ D） abundant （ A） Once （ B） However （ C） Although （ D） Whatever （ A） but then （ B）
10、but （ C） but yet （ D） but for （ A） milestones （ B） milieu （ C） cornerstones （ D） correspondence （ A） symbolically （ B） synchronously （ C） swiftly （ D） surely （ A） call upon （ B） call off （ C） call forth （ D） call over （ A） revoking （ B） reshaping （ C） reverting （ D） reversing Part A Directions: Read
11、 the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 People have good reason to care about the welfare of animals. Ever since the Enlightenment, their treatment has been seen as a measure of mankinds humanity. It is no coincidence that William Wilb
12、erforce and Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton, two leaders of the movement to abolish the slave trade, helped found the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 1820s. An increasing number of people go further: mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals that have the capacity to su
13、ffer. Both views have led people gradually to extend treatment once reserved for mankind to other species. But when everyday lives are measured against such principles, they are fraught with contradictions. Those who would never dream of caging their cats and dogs guzzle bacon and eggs from ghastly
14、factory farms. The abattoir and the cattle truck are secret places safely hidden from the meat-eaters gaze and the childs story book. Plenty of people who denounce the fur-trade (much of which is from farmed animals) quite happily wear leather (also from farmed animals). Perhaps the inconsistency is
15、 understandable. After hundreds of years of thinking about it, people cannot agree on a system of rights for each other, so the ground is bound to get shakier still when animals are included. The trouble is that confusion and contradiction open the way to the extremist. And because scientific resear
16、ch is remote from most peoples lives, it is particularly vulnerable to their campaigns. In fact, science should be the last target, wherever you draw the boundaries of animal welfare. For one thing, there is rarely an alternative to using animals in research. If there were, scientists would grasp it
17、, because animal research is expensive and encircled by regulations. Animal research is also for a higher purpose than a full belly or an elegant outfit. The world needs new medicines and surgical procedures just as it needs the unknowable fruits of pure research. And science is, by and large, kind
18、to its animals. The couple of million (mainly rats and mice) that die in Britains laboratories are far better looked-after and far more humanely killed than the billion or so (mainly chickens) on Britains farms. Indeed, if Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows, you
19、can be fairly sure animal welfare in Britain has just taken a step backwards. 21 The first paragraph is written to _. （ A） put forward sound reason to care about the welfare of animals （ B） emphasize the glory of the Enlightenment （ C） Introduce the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Ani
20、mals （ D） provide background knowledge for the discussion to be expanded 22 The inconsistency in our routine lives is defined by enumerating _. （ A） the deeds conducted by Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton （ B） the people who condemn the fur trade but merrily wear leather （ C） the understanding of the ancie
21、nt times concerning a system of rights （ D） the comprehension of the way to the extremist 23 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _. （ A） the publics ignorance of scientific research results in attacks on science （ B） a measure of mankinds humanity is taken into account （ C） confusion an
22、d contradiction result from vulnerable campaigns （ D） the debate is bound to aggravate in the next decade 24 With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree? （ A） Even if they deplore the activitists use of intimidation and violence, animal lovers everywhere can sure rejo
23、ice today. （ B） Science does not deserve to be the target of protests, whatever you think of animal rights. （ C） Over the years something good has come from the campaign against the animal industry. （ D） It is a sensible move that Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy co
24、ws. 25 In the text, a comparison is made so as to _. （ A） abolish the slave trade （ B） elaborate a higher purpose of animal research （ C） warn that mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals （ D） assert that science is, by and large, kind to its animals 26 Tuning in round the clock, via satelli
25、te or internet blog, to any bout of mayhem anywhere, you might not think the world was becoming a more peaceable place. But in some ways it is, and measurably so. A recent Human Security Report released by the Liu Institute at the University of British Columbia registers a 40% drop in the number of
26、armed conflicts between 1992 and 2003, with the worst wars, those claiming more than a thousand lives in battle, down by 80%. While 28 armed struggles for self-determination ignited or reignited between 1991 and 2004, an encouraging 43 others were contained or doused. Yet measured in a different way
27、, from the point of view of the half of the worlds population that is female, argues the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of the Armed Forces, the world is an awfully violent place, and not just in its war zones. Men still fill most of the bodybags in wartime, including in civil wars, even o
28、n DCAFs figures, but their sisters, mothers, wives and daughters, it argues in a new report entitled “Women in an Insecure World“, face nothing short of a “hidden gendercide“. Violence against women is nothing new. DCAFs contribution is to collate the many figures and estimates not all of them easil
29、y verifiable, it has to be said on everything from infanticide to rape (in both war and peace), dowry deaths, sex trafficking and domestic violence (in richer countries as well as poorer ones). According to one UN estimate cited by DCAF, between 113m and 200m women are now demographically “missing“.
30、 This gender gap is a result of the aborting of girl foetuses and infanticide in countries where boys are preferred; lack of food and medical attention that goes instead to brothers, fathers, husbands and sons, so-called “honour killings“ and dowry deaths; and other sorts of domestic violence. It im
31、plies that each year between 1.5m and 3m women and girls are lost to gender based violence. In other words, every two to four years the world looks away from a victim count on the scale of Hitlers Holocaust. Women between the ages of 15 and 44 are more likely to be maimed or die from violence inflic
32、ted one way or another by their menfolk than through cancer, malaria, traffic accidents or war combined. Poor health care means that 600,000 women are lost each year to childbirth (a toll roughly equal annually to that of the Rwandan genocide). The World Health Organisation estimates that 6,000 girl
33、s a day (more than 2m a year), mostly in the poor world, undergo genital mutilation. Other WHO figures suggest that, around the world, one woman in five is likely to be a victim of rape or attempted rape in her lifetime. 26 In the narration of the first two paragraphs, the author employs the device
34、of _. （ A） comparison （ B） inversion （ C） contrast （ D） omission 27 The word “contained“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph most probably means _. （ A） involved （ B） checked （ C） embraced （ D） included 28 It can be inferred from the third paragraph of the text that _. （ A） violence against
35、women has been ignored since the 1960s （ B） many figures and estimates can not stand scrutiny concerned （ C） DCAF has long contributed to the infanticide and rape in richer nations （ D） the examining work conducted by DCAF has been demanding 29 Hitlers Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide are mentione
36、d in the text with the aim to _. （ A） provide a concrete concept of the statistics related to gender-based violence and poor health care （ B） exemplify the inhumane action conducted by German Nazi during World War （ C） count the victims who are now demographically “missing“ （ D） take into the accoun
37、t women who are more liable to be maimed or die from violence 30 Which of the followings could be the best title for the text? （ A） Women in a poverty-stricken area. （ B） Gender gap in the emerging economies. （ C） Women in a hazardous world. （ D） Gendercide in the western countries. 31 If you leave
38、a loaded weapon lying around, it is bound to go off sooner or later. Snow-covered northern Europe heard the gunshot loud and clear when Russia cut supplies to Ukraine this week as part of a row about money and power, the two eternal battlegrounds of global energy. From central Europe right across to
39、 France on the Atlantic seaboard, gas supplies fell by more than one-third. For years Europeans had been telling themselves that a cold-war enemy which had supplied them without fail could still be depended on now it was an ally (of sorts). Suddenly, nobody was quite so sure. Fearing the threat to i
40、ts reputation as a supplier, Russia rapidly restored the gas and settled its differences with Ukraine. But it was an uncomfortable glimpse of the dangers for a continent that imports roughly half its gas and that Gerard Mestrallet, boss of Suez, a French water and power company, expects to be import
41、ing 80% of its gas by 2030 much of it from Russia. It was scarcely more welcome for America, which condemned Russias tactics. And no wonder: it consumes one-quarter of the worlds oil, but produces only 3% of the stuff. Over the coming years, the worlds dependence on oil looks likely to concentrate o
42、n the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia. Russian oil had seemed a useful alternative. Fear of the energy weapon has a long history. When producers had the upper hand in the oil embargo of 1973-74, Arab members of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut supply, sowing tu
43、rmoil and a global recession. When consumers had the upper hand in the early 1990s, the embargo cut the other way. After Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990, the world shut in 5m barrels a day (b/d) of production from the two countries in an attempt to force him out. With oil costing $60 a barrel,
44、 five times more than the nominal price in 1999, and spot prices for natural gas in some European and American markets at or near record levels, power has swung back to the producers for the first time since the early 1980s. Nobody knows how long todays tight markets will last. “It took us a long ti
45、me to get there and it will take us a long time to get back,“ says Robin West, chairman of PFC Energy in Washington. A clutch of alarmist books with titles such as “The Death of Oil“ predict that so little oil is left in the ground that producers will always have pricing power. The question is how w
46、orried consumers should be. What are the threats to energy security and what should the world do about them? The answers suggest a need for planning and a certain amount of grim realism, but not for outright panic. 31 The word “now“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph denotes _. （ A） because
47、 of the fact (that) （ B） for the time being （ C） currently （ D） at present 32 Which of the following can be inferred from the text? （ A） Worry of the energy weapon is of a long history in the snow-covered northern Europe. （ B） The dispute with Ukraine was resolved without any delay and gas supply wa
48、s restored. （ C） The risks for a gas-importing continent were exposed in the recent RussianUkrainian incident. （ D） Russian gas had long appeared to be a beneficial alternative. 33 USA, according to the text, disapproved of Russian expedient in that _. （ A） most often it works wonder （ B） Americans
49、never welcome Europeans （ C） Russians hardly produce consuming stuff （ D） it depends heavily on oil import 34 According to the last paragraph, since the early 1980s consumers _. （ A） can not afford gas and oil （ B） have encountered grim situation （ C） can. avoid outright panic （ D） have had the upper hand 35 Based on the remarks made by Robin West, the current situation will _. （ A） vanish （ B） linger （ C） aggravate （ D） reb
