1、Designation: D 3163 01 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forDetermining Strength of Adhesively Bonded Rigid PlasticLap-Shear Joints in Shear by Tension Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3163; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to complement Test MethodD 1002 and
3、 extend its application to single-lap shear adhesivejoints of rigid plastic adherends. The test method is useful forgenerating comparative shear strength data for joints madefrom a number of plastics. It can also provide a means bywhich several plastic surface treatments can be compared.1.2 The valu
4、es stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
5、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Met
6、al)D 2093 Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Priorto Adhesive BondingD 4896 Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test Results3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany of the terms used in this test methodare defined in Terminology D 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 Due to t
7、he increased use of adhesive-bonded plastics asa result of the inherent advantages afforded by bonded ratherthan mechanically fastened joints, particularly the alleviationof stress raisers and stress cracking, there is a need for standardtests by which joints of various plastic substrates and adhesi
8、vescan be compared. This test method is intended to meet such aneed.4.2 This test method is limited to test temperatures belowthe softening point of the subject adherends, and is notintended for use on anisotropic adherends such as reinforcedplastic laminates.4.3 The misuse of strength values obtain
9、ed from this testmethod as allowable design-stress values for structural jointscould lead to product failure, property damage, and humaninjury. The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtainedfrom a given small single-lap specimen may differ from thatobtained from a joint made with different adhe
10、rends or by adifferent bonding process. The normal variation of temperatureand moisture in the service environment causes the adherendsand the adhesive to swell and shrink. The adherends andadhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisturecoefficients of expansion. Even in small specimens,
11、short-termenvironmental changes can induce internal stresses or chemicalchanges in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparentstrength and other mechanical properties of the adhesive. Theproblem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environ-ment is even more difficult if a different type
12、of adherend isused in a larger structural joint than was used in the smallspecimen.4.3.1 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining allowable designstresses for designing structural joints that differ in any mannerfrom the joints tested without th
13、orough analysis and under-standing of the joint and adhesive behaviors.4.3.2 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing andselecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility tofatigue and environmental changes, but such comparisons mustbe made with great caution since different adhesives ma
14、yrespond differently in different joints. See Guide D 4896 forfurther discussion of the concepts relative to interpretation ofadhesive bonded single-lap joints.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 onAdhe
15、sives forPlastics.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 3163 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
16、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine, conforming to the requirements of andhaving the capab
17、ilities of the machine prescribed in TestMethod D 1002. The grips are self-aligning and capable ofsecurely grasping the specimen throughout the test, withoutallowing the specimen to slip.5.2 Temperature-Controlling Equipment, capable of main-taining the test temperature to 63C (65F). If ambientlabor
18、atory conditions are employed the same degree of controlis required.6. Test Specimen6.1 Make specimens that conform to the form and dimen-sions set forth in Test Method D 1002 where possible. How-ever, due to the low yield points in plastics compared withthose of metals, it may not always be feasibl
19、e to limit testspecimen geometry to that called for in Test Method D 1002.Therefore adherend thicknesses and joint overlaps must bechosen so that failure occurs preferentially in the joint and notin the substrate. Thicker adherends allow the stress on thebonded area to be increased, before either te
20、nsile failure oryield occurs in the adherend. Recognize, however, that depend-ing on the surface treatment and adhesive used, the bondstrength may often be greater than the tensile yield strength ofthe adherend. Use data collected by this test method only forcomparative purposes when the investigato
21、r is certain that thespecimen configurations and joint geometries of the specimensbeing compared are identical.6.2 The surface preparation used on the adherend dependson the subject plastic adherend. Procedures such as thoserecommended in Practice D 2093 serve as a useful guide.6.3 Apply the adhesiv
22、es in accordance with the manufac-turers recommendations. Choose adhesives such that the curetemperature does not adversely affect the mechanical proper-ties of the adherends.6.4 Cut test specimens from the bonded panels pictured inFig. 1. Cut the specimens without overheating or otherwisephysically
23、 damaging the adherend or bonded interface. Indi-vidual specimens may also be prepared if desired.7. Procedure7.1 Place the specimens in the grips of the testing machineso that the applied load coincides with the long axis of the testspecimen. Load the specimen to failure at a rate of 8.3 to 9.7MPa
24、(1200 to 1400 psi) of shear area per minute (approxi-mately 0.05 in./min cross head speed).7.2 Condition specimens for definite periods of time underspecified conditions before testing if desired. After condition-ing, it is recommended that all specimens be stabilized in thetest environment for 1 h
25、before testing.FIG. 1 Standard Test Panel and Specimen ConfigurationD 3163 01 (2008)28. Calculation8.1 Calculate the bond area to the nearest 0.06/cm2(0.01in.2). Record both load at failure and type of failure (percentcohesive and apparent adhesive). Calculate failing stress asmegapascals (pounds fo
26、rce per square inch) of shear area.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-ing type, source, date manufactured, manufacturers codenumber, form, etc.9.1.2 Complete identification of the plastic used, its thick-ness, and the method of
27、cleaning and preparing its surface priorto bonding.9.1.3 Method of adhesive application (brush, spray, rollercoat, tape, etc.).9.1.4 Conditions present at time of bonding (temperature,etc.).9.1.5 Length of overlap used.9.1.6 Conditioning of joint prior to testing.9.1.7 Maximum, minimum, and average
28、values of the fail-ing load.9.1.8 Number of test specimens tested.9.1.9 Type of failure. Include estimated percent cohesionfailure, unbonded area, apparent failure in adhesion, and failurein the adherend.9.1.10 Test temperature employed.9.1.11 Average thickness of adhesive layer after formationof th
29、e joint, within 0.0127 mm (0.0005 in.). Describe themethod of obtaining the thickness of the adhesive layerincluding procedure, location of measurements, and range ofmeasurements.NOTE 1The length of overlap, L, may be varied where necessary. Thelength of the test specimen in the jaws, however, must
30、not be varied. Thedistance from the end of the overlap to the end of the jaws should be 63mm (212 in.) in all tests.NOTE 2The thickness of the adherend, t, may be varied to strengthenthe adherend relative to the strength of the bonded area. A maximumthickness of 4.76 mm (316 in.) is recommended, how
31、ever, to minimize theeffects of offset.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The precision and bias statement for this test methodhas not yet been determined. Archival and round-robin infor-mation is being reviewed, and the results are expected bySeptember 2004.11. Keywords11.1 adhesive bonds; plastic; shear s
32、trength; tensionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
33、such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for ad
34、ditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
35、the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3163 01 (2008)3
