ASTM D4532-1997(2003) Standard Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace Atmospheres《工厂场所大气中可吸入粉尘的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 4532 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forRespirable Dust in Workplace Atmospheres1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4532; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is useful for the determination ofrespirable dust (see Terminology D 1356) in a range from 0.5to 10 mg/m3i
3、n workplace atmospheres.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limita
4、tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD 3195 Practice for Rotameter CalibrationD 5337 Practice for Flow Rate Calibration of PersonalSampling PumpsD 6062M Guide for Personal Samplers of Health-RelatedAerosol Fra
5、ctions MetricE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 respirable fraction of the dustthat mass whichpasses through a cyclone at the stated conditions (1, 2).34. Summary of Test Method4.1 Air is accurately drawn for a
6、 measured period of timethrough a 10-mm cyclone followed by a tared filter. Therespirable dust concentration is calculated from the weight gainof the filter and the total volume of air sampled.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method covers the determination of respirabledust in workplace atmosph
7、eres.5.2 The limitations on the test method are a minimumweight of 0.2 mg of dust on the filter, and a maximum loadingof 0.3 mg/cm2on the filter. The test method may be used athigher loadings if the flow rate can be maintained constant.6. Apparatus6.1 The sampling unit consists of a pump and a sampl
8、inghead. The sampling head consists of a 10-mm cyclone and afilter assembly.6.1.1 PumpA personal sampling pump with a flow rateaccurate to 65 %. Pump pulsation not to exceed 620 % of themean flow. The pump must be capable of maintaining the meanflow constant to within 65 % during the sampling period
9、.Calibrate the sampling pump using Practice D 5337.6.1.2 Sampling HeadThe sampling head consists of a10-mm cyclone, a filter, a filter-support pad, and a filter holderwith suitable caps (see Fig. 1).6.1.2.1 The cyclone4must be shown to be unbiased relativeto the appropriate respirable dust criterion
10、 and the dust sizedistribution being sampled (3, 4, 5, 6). Based on the cyclonepenetration curve for non-pulsating flow measured with amonodisperse aerosol, the bias in the test method is shown inFig. 2 for sampling rates appropriate for individual cyclones.(7).6.1.2.2 Cyclone samples collected with
11、 pulsating flow havebeen shown to yield a negative bias as large as 22 % comparedto samples collected under steady flow (8).6.1.2.3 Electrostatic charge on the dust and a non-conductive sampler can cause bias as large as 50 %. (9).6.1.3 The filter shall be non-hygroscopic and a collectionefficiency
12、greater than 95 % for the dust cloud of interest. Thefilter and its filter support shall be 37 mm in diameter.NOTE 1As an example, most glass fiber and membrane filters with1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
13、e D22.04 on WorkplaceAtmospheres.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 4532 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
14、 Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.4The sole source of the 10-mm cyclones known to the committee at this time isDorr-Olive
15、r, Inc., Milford, CT 06460. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information toASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.nominal pore size of 5 m will nearly always fulfill this requirement (10).PVC is recommended for gravimetric analysis. The equilibrated filter ispreweighed by the user. The weight of the filter holder is not used in anydetermination of weigh
17、t gain in this test method. The filter holder materialmust not contribute to any weight change of the filter.6.1.4 ChargerPump batteries shall be completely chargedwith appropriate charger following the manufacturers instruc-tions or disposable batteries may be used.6.1.5 Suitable means is provided
18、for separately attaching thepump and the sampling head to the appropriate person.6.2 Buret, capacity of 1 L, used as a soap bubble meter forcalibration of the sampling unit.6.3 Barometer, capable of measuring atmospheric pressureto 60.1 kPa.6.4 Stopwatch, capable of measuring to 60.1 s.6.5 Weighing
19、Room, with temperature and humidity controlto allow weighing with an analytical balance to 60.01 mg.6.6 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing 60.01 mg orbetter. Particular care must be given to the proper zeroing ofthe balance. The same analytical balance and weights must beused for weighing filte
20、rs before and after sample collection.6.7 Charge Neutralizer, to eliminate static charge in thebalance case and on the filters during weighing. ReplacePo-210 neutralizers 9 months after production date.6.8 Plane-Parallel Press, capable of giving a force of atleast 1000 N (may be required if plastic
21、filter holders are usedthat must be pressed together after insertion of the filter).6.9 Tapered Tube Flow Meter, with precision 62% orbetter within the range of the flow rate used. Calibrate themeter using Practice D 3195.6.10 Thermometer, dry bulb, 0 to 50C with divisions every0.1C. (ASTM thermomet
22、ers number 90C and 91C.) (SeeSpecification E1.)6.11 Manometer, 0 to 250 mm of water (0 to 0.25 kPa) formeasuring the pressure drop across the sampling head.6.12 Flexible Tube with Two Clips, one near the samplinghead, if the sampling head does not have a clip, and the othermidway between the samplin
23、g head and the pump. The lengthof the tube is dependent on how the sampling unit is worn. Alength of 0.7 to 0.9 m is suitable if the pump is attached to theworkers belt.6.13 Jar, leakproof, of suitable size to contain the samplinghead during calibration of sampling system. (See and Fig. 3).57. Sampl
24、ing7.1 Clean and inspect the interior of the cyclone. If theinside surfaces are visibly scored, replace the cyclone since thedust separation characteristics might be altered.7.2 Condition all filters to a constant weight. Record thefilter weight.7.3 Place the tared filter and filter support in the f
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