ASTM D4595-2009 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip Method《用宽带法测试土工合成织物拉伸特性的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D4595-2009 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip Method《用宽带法测试土工合成织物拉伸特性的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4595-2009 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip Method《用宽带法测试土工合成织物拉伸特性的标准试验方法》.pdf(12页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 4595 09Standard Test Method forTensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width StripMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensileproperties of geotextiles using a wide-width strip specimentensile me
3、thod. This test method is applicable to most geotex-tiles that include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, layeredfabrics, knit fabrics, and felts that are used for geotextileapplication.1.2 This test method covers the measurement of tensilestrength and elongation of geotextiles and includes directions
4、for the calculation of initial modulus, offset modulus, secantmodulus, and breaking toughness.1.3 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of bothconditioned and wet geotextiles by the wide-width stripmethod are included.1.4 The basic distinction between this test method and othermethods for
5、measuring strip tensile properties is the width ofthe specimen. This width, by contrast, is greater than the lengthof the specimen. Some fabrics used in geotextile applicationshave a tendency to contract (neck down) under a force in thegage length area. The greater width of the specimen specifiedin
6、this test method minimizes the contraction effect of thosefabrics and provides a closer relationship to expected geotextilebehavior in the field and a standard comparison.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
7、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 57
8、9 Specification for Greige Woven Glass FabricsD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor Textiles3D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3. Terminology3.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n.air maintained ata relative humidity of 65
9、6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6 2C(70 6 4F).3.2 breaking toughness, T, (FL1), Jm2, n.for geotextiles,the actual work-to-break per unit surface area of material.3.2.1 DiscussionBreaking toughness is proportional tothe area under the force elongation curve from the origin tothe breaking point (see als
10、o work-to-break). Breaking tough-ness is calculated from work-to-break, gage length, and widthof a specimen.3.3 corresponding force, Fc,n.the force associated with aspecific elongation on the force-per-unit-width strain curve.(Syn. load at specified elongation, LASE.)3.4 geotechnical engineering, n.
11、the engineering applica-tion of geotechnics.3.5 geotechnics, n.the application of scientific methodsand engineering principles to the acquisition, interpretation,and use of knowledge of materials of the earths crust to thesolution of engineering problems.3.5.1 DiscussionGeotechnics embraces the fiel
12、ds of soilmechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineeringaspects of geology, geophysics, hydrology, and related sci-ences.3.6 geotextile, n.any permeable textile material used withfoundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engi-neering related material, as an integral part of a
13、man-madeproject, structure, or system.3.7 initial tensile modulus, Ji, (FL1), Nm1, n.for geo-textiles, the ratio of the change in tensile force per unit width1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on M
14、echani-cal Properties.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 4595 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
15、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U
16、nited States.to a change in strain (slope) of the initial portion of a force perunit width strain curve.3.8 offset tensile modulus, Jo, (FL1), Nm1, n.for geo-textiles, the ratio of the change in force per unit width to achange in strain (slope) below the proportional limit point andabove the tangent
17、 point on the force elongation curve.3.9 proportional limit, n.the greatest stress which a ma-terial is capable of sustaining without any deviation fromproportionality of stress to strain (Hookes law).3.10 secant tensile modulus, Jsec(FL1), Nm1, n.forgeotextiles, the ratio of change in force per uni
18、t width to achange in strain (slope) between two points on a force per unitwidth strain curve.3.11 tangent point, n.for geotextiles, the first point of theforce elongation curve at which a major decrease in slopeoccurs.3.11.1 DiscussionThe tangent point is determined bydrawing a tangent line passing
19、 through the zero axis and theproportional elastic limit. The point from the zero force axisthat the force elongation curve first touches that tangent lineis the tangent point.3.12 tensile modulus, J, (FL1), Nm1, n.for geotextiles,the ratio of the change in tensile force per unit width to acorrespon
20、ding change in strain (slope).3.13 tensile strength, n.for geotextiles, the maximumresistance to deformation developed for a specific materialwhen subjected to tension by an external force.3.13.1 DiscussionTensile strength of geotextiles is thecharacteristic of a sample as distinct from a specimen a
21、nd isexpressed in force per unit width.3.14 tensile test, n.in textiles, a test in which a textilematerial is stretched in one direction to determine theforce elongation characteristics, the breaking force, or thebreaking elongation.3.15 wide-width strip tensile test, n.for geotextiles,auniaxial ten
22、sile test in which the entire width of a 200-mm(8.0-in.) wide specimen is gripped in the clamps and the gagelength is 100 mm (4.0 in.).3.16 work-to-break, W, (LF), n.in tensile testing, the totalenergy required to rupture a specimen.3.16.1 DiscussionFor geotextiles, work-to-break is pro-portional to
23、 the area under the force elongation curve fromthe origin to the breaking point, and is commonly expressed injoules (inch-pound-force).3.17 yield point, n.the first point of the force elongationcurve above the proportional (linear) section at which anincrease in elongation occurs without a correspon
24、ding increasein force.3.18 For terminology of other terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123 and Terminology D 4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A relatively wide specimen is gripped across its entirewidth in the clamps of a constant rate of extension (CRE) typetensile testing machi
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