ASTM D4597-2003 Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers《用固体吸附剂扩散采样器从工作场所大气中采集气体或蒸气的标准实施规程》.pdf
《ASTM D4597-2003 Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers《用固体吸附剂扩散采样器从工作场所大气中采集气体或蒸气的标准实施规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4597-2003 Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers《用固体吸附剂扩散采样器从工作场所大气中采集气体或蒸气的标准实施规程》.pdf(4页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 4597 03Standard Practice forSampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases orVapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the sampling of workplace atmo-spheres for the presence of certain ga
3、ses or vapors by means ofdiffusion across a specified quiescent region and subsequentsorption on a solid sorbent (1).21.2 A list of organic compounds which are applicable tosolid sorbent sampling where the sorbent is contained in a bedthrough which air is passed is given in Annex A1 of PracticeD 368
4、6. Diffusive samplers may be applicable to a similarrange of compounds but this must be confirmed by reference tothe individual sampler manufacturers literature.1.3 The valid use of diffusive samplers depends on theexistence of actual laboratory or field validation, or both.Guidance on validation ca
5、n be obtained from published proto-cols (2-6). This practice is not designed to cover the verifica-tion, validation, or specific test procedures used to assess theaccuracy or precision of diffusive samplers.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated w
6、ith its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmosphere
7、sD 3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-sorption Method)D 3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound VaporsCollected by the Activated Charcoal Tube AdsorptionMethodD 6306 Guide for Placement and Use of Diffusion Con-trolled Passiv
8、e Monitors for Gaseous Pollutants in IndoorAir2.2 Other Document:4Title 29CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z Occupational Health andSafety Standard3. Terminology3.1 Terminology D 1356 contains definitions of terms usedin this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 diffusionthe moveme
9、nt of gas or vapor moleculesfrom a region of high concentration to a region of lowconcentration as described by Ficks first law (8.1).3.2.2 diffusive samplerassembly used for sampling gas orvapor molecules from the atmosphere.3.2.3 sampling ratethe ratio of mass of a given compoundcollected by a dif
10、fusive sampler per unit time of exposure to theconcentration of that compound in the atmosphere beingsampled. The sampling rate is sometimes referred to as theuptake rate. Units are ng (or mg)/ mg/m3/min (or h), which aredimensionally equivalent to a volume flow-rate (for examplecm3/min).4. Summary
11、of Practice4.1 Molecules are sampled from the atmosphere by adiffusive sampler. During the sampling process, the moleculesdiffuse from the environment adjacent to the sampler througha region of defined geometric structure and into a regioncontaining the sorbent medium. The theory of diffusive sam-pl
12、ing is given in this practice.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Atmo-spheres.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition
13、 approved in 1997 as D 4597 97.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis practice.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information
14、, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Instructions are
15、given for the correct use of the samplingdevices to enable their field application.4.3 Information on the calculation of environmental concen-tration based on sampler assay is given.5. Significance and Use5.1 Promulgations by the Federal Occupational Safety andHealth Administration in 29 CFR 1910.10
16、00 designate thatcertain hazardous gases and vapors must not be present in theworkplace air at concentrations above specific values.5.2 This practice, when used in conjunction with an analyti-cal technique, such as that given for organic compounds inPractice D 3687, may provide a means for the deter
17、mination oftime-weighted airborne concentrations of many of the hazard-ous gases and vapors in 29CFR 1919.1000, as well as others.5.3 The manufacturers literature should be consulted forthe appropriate list of chemicals which may be sampled by aparticular device.6. Interferences6.1 The diffusive sam
18、pling process can be jeopardized byphysical blockage of entrances to the interior of the device suchas by liquid droplets or dust particles.6.2 The diffusive sampling process can be jeopardized bystructural damage to any membranes or other elements used tocontrol either the geometry of the diffusion
19、 path or turbulencewithin the diffusion path.6.3 The diffusive sampling process can be jeopardized byair movement within the diffusion path. Recent sampler de-signs have incorporated elements to decrease this possibility.6.4 The diffusive sampling process can be jeopardized byinsufficient mixing of
20、the air external to the sampler. This isknown as starvation. The manufacturer should provide arecommended minimum ambient air velocity, below which thesampler should not be used.6.5 The diffusive sampling process can be jeopardized if theconcentration in air at the sorbent interface becomes sufficie
21、ntto significantly alter the diffusion gradient within the diffusionpath. This can occur through sorbent saturation, either from thepresence of competing species (which may include water vapormolecules), or the selection of an inappropriate sorbent mate-rial for the concentration and time of exposur
22、e, or by increasedtemperature. The manufacturer should provide, or the usershould determine, the range of conditions over which signifi-cant bias from sorbent saturation will not occur.6.6 Errors may arise in estimating exposure using diffusivesamplers in instances in which the concentration of the
23、gas orvapor being sampled varies significantly over time.6.7 Where multiple gases or vapors are sampled simulta-neously, care must be exercised to ensure there is no mutualinterference in the analytical method chosen.7. Apparatus7.1 Diffusive Sampling Devices:7.1.1 A diffusive sampler consists of a
24、cavity or group ofcavities containing air and terminated at one end by a sorbentsubstrate and opening at the other to the environment. Thecavity or group of cavities form a region of defined geometrywhich acts as a control on the rate of gaseous diffusion from theexternal environment to the sorbent
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