ASTM D4633-2005 Standard Test Method for Energy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers《用动力贯入器测量能量的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 4633 05Standard Test Method forEnergy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring theenergy that enters the penetrometer drill rod string duringdynamic penetrometer te
3、sting of soil due to the hammerimpact.1.2 This test has particular application to the comparativeevaluation of N-values obtained from the Standard PenetrationTests (SPT) of soils in an open hole as in Test Method D 1586and Practice D 6066. This procedure may also be applicable toother dynamic penetr
4、ometer tests.1.3 LimitationsThis test method applies to penetrometersdriven from above the ground surface. It is not intended for usewith down-hole hammers.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D 6026.1.5 The
5、method used to specify how data are collected,calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related tohow the data can be applied in design or other uses, since thatis beyond its scope. Practice D 6066 specifies how these datamay be normalized.1.6 This standard does not purport to address
6、 all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1586 Test Metho
7、d for Penetration Test and Split-BarrelSampling of SoilsD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Calculatingand Reporting Geotechnical Te
8、st DataD 6066 Practice for Determining the Normalized Penetra-tion Resistance of Sands for Evaluation of LiquefactionPotential3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceleration transducer, or accelerometerinstrument attached on, around, or within a continuous columno
9、f drill rods to measure the time-varying acceleration generatedin the drill rods by the impact of the hammer.3.1.2 anvilthe mass at the top of the drill rods that isstruck by the hammer.3.1.3 drill rodsthe steel rods connecting the hammersystem above the ground surface to the sampler below thesurfac
10、e.3.1.4 force transducera section of drill rod instrumentedwith strain gages and inserted into the continuous column ofdrill rods to measure the time-varying force generated in thedrill rods by the impact of the hammer.3.1.5 hammeran impact mass that is raised and droppedto create an impact on the d
11、rill rods.3.1.6 impedance (of the drill rod)a property of the drillrod equal to the drill rod elastic modulus times the crosssectional area divided by the velocity of wave propagation.3.1.7 instrumented subassemblya short section of drill rodinstrumented to measure force and acceleration which isins
12、erted at the top of the drill rod and below the anvil.3.1.8 penetrometerany sampler, cone, blade, or otherinstrument placed at the bottom of the drill rods.3.2 Symbols:EFV = the energy transmitted to the drill rod from thehammer during the impact event (see 7.10).ETR = (EFV / PE) ratio of the measur
13、ed energy transferredto the drill rods to the theoretical potential energy.L = length between the location of transducers on the instru-mented subassembly and the bottom of the penetrometer.2L/c = the time required for the stress wave (traveling at aknown wave speed, c, in steel of 5123 m/s) to trav
14、el from themeasurement location to the bottom of the penetrometer andreturn to the measurement location.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling andRelated Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.C
15、urrent edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
16、.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.N-value = the number of hammer blows required to advancethe sampler the last 12 in. (0.3 m) of the 18 in. (0.45 m) drivenduring an SPT test.PE = the theoretical potential energy of the
17、 hammer posi-tioned at the specified height above the impact surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 Various driven in situ penetrometers are used to evaluatethe engineering behavior of soils. The Standard PenetrationTest is the most common type. Engineering properties can beestimated on the basis of emp
18、irical correlations betweenN-values and soil density, strength or stiffness. Alternatively,the N-value can be used directly in foundation design usingcorrelations to design parameters such as allowable bearingpressure or pile capacity. The N-value depends on the soilproperties but also on the mass,
19、geometry, stroke, anvil, andoperating efficiency of the hammer. This energy measurementprocedure can evaluate variations of N-value resulting fromdifferences in the hammer system. See also Refs (1-6).34.2 There is an approximate, linear relationship between theincremental penetration of a penetromet
20、er and the energy fromthe hammer that enters the drill rods, and therefore anapproximate inverse relationship between the N-value and theenergy delivered to the drill rods.NOTE 1Since the measured energy includes the extra potential energyeffect due to the set per blow, tests for energy evaluation o
21、f the hammersystems should be limited to moderate N-value ranges between 5 and 50.4.3 Stress wave energy measurements on penetrometersmay evaluate both operator-dependent cathead and rope ham-mer systems and relatively operator-independent automaticsystems.4.4 The energy measurement has direct appli
22、cation forliquefaction evaluation for sands as referenced in PracticeD 6066.4.5 This test method is useful for comparing the N-valuesproduced by different equipment or operators performing SPTtesting at the same site, aiding the design of penetrometersystems, training of dynamic penetrometer system
23、operators,and developing conversion factors between different types ofdynamic penetration tests.NOTE 2The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecrite
24、ria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing and inspection. Users of this standard are cautionedthat compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliableresults. Reliable results depend on many factors: Practice D 3740 providesa means of ev
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