ASTM D7112-2009 2500 Standard Test Method for Determining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oils and Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer (Optical Detection)《用重燃.pdf
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1、Designation: D7112 09Standard Test Method forDetermining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oilsand Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer (OpticalDetection)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an automated procedure involv-i
3、ng titration and optical detection of precipitated asphaltenesfor determining the stability and compatibility parameters ofrefinery residual streams, residual fuel oils, and crude oils.Stability in this context is the ability to maintain asphaltenes ina peptized or dissolved state and not undergo fl
4、occulation orprecipitation. Similarly, compatibility relates to the property ofmixing two or more oils without precipitation or flocculation ofasphaltenes.1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products fromatmospheric and vacuum distillation, from thermal, catalytic,and hydrocracking proces
5、ses, to products typical of Specifica-tions D396, Grades No. 5L, 5H, and 6, and D2880, Grades No.3-GT and 4-GT, and to crude oils, providing these productscontain 0.05 mass % or greater concentration of asphaltenes.1.3 This test method is not relevant to oils that contain lessthan 0.05 % asphaltenes
6、, and would be pointless to apply tounstable oils that already contain flocculated asphaltenes.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
7、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD2880 Specification f
8、or Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand
9、Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6560 Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes(Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and PetroleumProducts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of some terms used in this test method,such as crude oil,
10、 repeatability, reproducibility, and residualfuel oil, refer to Terminology D4175.3.1.2 asphaltenes, nin petroleum technology, moleculesof high molecular mass, high carbon/hydrogen ratio, andcontaining hetero-atoms.3.1.2.1 DiscussionAsphaltenes are generally found incrude oils and in heavy fuel oils
11、 containing residual fractions.Their presence is determined by their insolubility in alkanessuch as n-heptane and solubility in aromatics such as xylene.3.1.3 compatibility, nof crude oils and of heavy fuel oils,the ability of two or more crude oils or fuel oils to be blendedtogether within specifie
12、d ratios without evidence of separation,such as flocculation or separation of asphaltenes.3.1.4 flocculation, nof asphaltenes in crude oils or heavyfuel oils, the aggregation of colloidally dispersed asphaltenesinto larger, visible masses that may or may not settle.3.1.5 stability reserve, nof crude
13、 oils, heavy fuel oils, andresidual streams containing asphaltenes, the property of an oilto maintain asphaltenes in a peptized (colloidally dispersed)state and prevent their flocculation when stored or whenblended with other oils.3.1.5.1 DiscussionAn oil with a high stability reserve canbe stored f
14、or a long period of time or blended with a range ofother oils without flocculation of asphaltenes.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
15、Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D711205a. DOI:10.1520/D7112-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
16、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions
17、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aromatic solvent equivalent (xylene equivalent), SE,nthe lowest aromatic solvent (xylene) content, expressed asa volume %, in a mixture containing aromatic and paraffinicsolvents (xylene and n-heptane) which, when mixed with oil,will not result in flocculati
18、on of asphaltenes. See flocculationratio.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSE is defined as FR5/1multiplied by100 %, as shown in Eq 2.3.2.2 evaporation correction coeffcient, nthe rate ofevaporation of aromatic solvent (xylene) from the sample cup,measured in grams per hour.3.2.3 flocculation ratio (FR), nthe lowes
19、t aromatic sol-vent (xylene) concentration, expressed as a proportion ofxylene to xylene plus n-heptane which, when mixed with anoil, will not result in flocculation of asphaltenes. See 15.1,Eq1.3.2.4 FR5/1, nthe flocculation ratio at a dilution of 5 mLofxylene and n-heptane solvent mixture to1gofoi
20、l.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe ratio 5 to 1 is used internally by anumber of oil companies involved with the stability andcompatibility of heavy fuel oils and crude oils. This ratio ischosen so that a P-value of six represents an FR5/1of zero.3.2.5 insolubility number, IN, na crude oil blending modelparame
21、ter which can be used to determine if blends of oils arecompatible or incompatible. See solubility blending number.3.2.5.1 DiscussionInsolubility numbers for individual oilsare determined and calculated from the density of the oil,aromatic solvent equivalent value and volume of paraffinicsolvent (n-
22、heptane) that can be added to 5 mL of oil withoutasphaltene precipitation. The equations are given under Calcu-lation of Results (see 15.2).3.2.6 maximum flocculation ratio, FRmax, nof asphaltenesin residual fuel oils and crude oils, the minimum requiredsolvency power of a solvent mixture, expressed
23、 as a ratio byvolume of aromatic solvent (xylene) to aromatic solvent plusparaffinic solvent (n-heptane) to keep the asphaltenes in an oilcolloidally dispersed.3.2.6.1 DiscussionFRmaxis determined from a plot offlocculation ratios versus the oil concentration in solvent,extrapolated to infinite dilu
24、tion of the sample at the y-axis(where (1/X) = 0. See Eq 3).3.2.7 oil matrix, nthat portion of a sample of heavy fueloil or crude oil that surrounds and colloidally disperses theasphaltenes.3.2.7.1 DiscussionFor purposes of this test method, an oilsample is considered to be composed of an oil matrix
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