ASTM E284-2013 red 6875 Standard Terminology of Appearance《外观的标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: E284 12E284 13Standard Terminology ofAppearance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the
2、 year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAppearance, including the appearance of objects, materials, and light sources, is of importance inmany arts, industries, and scientific disciplines. Appearance terms are
3、used in a wide range of ASTMstandards as well as other documents of concern in standardization, testing, and specification. Thepurpose of this terminology standard is to define terms relating to the description of appearance.Definitions are of two distinctly different kinds. A descriptive definition
4、 reports existing usage,whereas a prescriptive definition is an invitation to use a term in a specific way. By agreement ofASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, the definitions in this terminology standard aretaken to be prescriptive in nature. Committee E12 thereby assumes a position of leade
5、rship in usage.Terms and definitions in several terminology standards and vocabularies other than ASTM (seeReferences), as well as otherASTM terminology standards, have been considered for inclusion in thisterminology standard. An effort has been made to achieve greater accuracy, brevity, clarity, p
6、recision,and internal consistency, and to draw distinctions that are useful in the practical measurement andspecification of appearance.Suggestions for additions or revisions to this terminology standard are welcome.1. Scope*1.1 This terminology standard defines terms used in the description of appe
7、arance, including but not limited to color, gloss,opacity, scattering, texture, and visibility of both materials (ordinary, fluorescent, retroreflective) and light sources (including visualdisplay units).1.2 It is the policy of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance that this terminology standar
8、d include important termsand definitions explicit to the scope, whether or not the terms are currently used in an ASTM standard. Terms that are in commonuse and appear in common-language dictionaries (see Refs (14)2) are generally not included, except when the dictionaries showmultiple definitions a
9、nd it seems desirable to indicate the definitions recommended for E12 standards.1.3 The usage of terms describing appearance varies considerably. In some cases, different usage of a term in different fieldshas been noted.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewar
10、es and Related ProductsC286 Terminology Relating to Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal SystemsC460 Terminology for Asbestos-Cement (Withdrawn 2001)4D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and ApplicationsD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petro
11、leum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.01 on Terminology.Current edition approved July 1, 2012Jan. 1, 2013. Publishe
12、d August 2012March 2013. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20092012 asE284 09a.E284 12. DOI: 10.1520/E0284-12.10.1520/E0284-13.2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of text.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, ww
13、w.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM sta
14、ndard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cas
15、es only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1003 Test Meth
16、od for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent PlasticsD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1245 Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical MicroscopyD1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemD1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose DerivativesD1889 Test M
17、ethod for Turbidity of Water (Withdrawn 2007)4D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by ReflectometryE131 Terminology Relating to Molecular SpectroscopyE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related MaterialsE179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
18、Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of MaterialsE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE349 Terminology Relating to Space SimulationE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE491 Practice for Solar Simul
19、ation for Thermal Balance Testing of SpacecraftE808 Practice for Describing RetroreflectionE809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of RetroreflectorsE903 Test Method for Solar Absorptance, Reflectance, and Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating SpheresE1164 Practice for Obtaini
20、ng Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observation and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of MaterialsE2175 Practice for Specifying the Geometry of Multiangle SpectrophotometersE2214 Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performan
21、ce of Color-Measuring InstrumentsF923 Guide to Properties of High Visibility Materials Used to Improve Individual Safety (Withdrawn 2006)42.2 Other DocumentsANSI PH2.36 Terms, Symbols, and Notation for Optical Transmission and Reflection Measurement (Optical Density)5CIE Publication No. 51 A Method
22、for Assessing the Quality of Daylight Simulators for Colorimetry6ISO 13655 Spectral Measurement and Colorimetric Computation for Graphic Arts Images7ISO 3664:2000 Viewing Conditions Graphic Technology and Photography7TAPPI T 452 Brightness of Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard (Directional Reflectance at 4
23、57 nm)83. Significance and Use3.1 This terminology standard contains definitions of appearance terms applicable to the work of many ASTM technicalcommittees. Its use by committees other than Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, and its citation in the standards of suchcommittees, is encouraged.3.2
24、 In this terminology standard, definitions of terms used in other ASTM standards are indicated by placing the designationof that standard in parentheses at the end of the definition. Definitions used by other organizations (see Refs (57) are indicatedsimilarly by placing in parentheses at the end of
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