ASTM E1824-2009e1 Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis Tension Method《拉力下热机械分析的玻璃转变温度分配的标准试验方法 张力法》.pdf
《ASTM E1824-2009e1 Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis Tension Method《拉力下热机械分析的玻璃转变温度分配的标准试验方法 张力法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E1824-2009e1 Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis Tension Method《拉力下热机械分析的玻璃转变温度分配的标准试验方法 张力法》.pdf(4页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E1824 091Standard Test Method forAssignment of a Glass Transition Temperature UsingThermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAdded research report information to Section 13 editorially in September 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test
3、 method covers a procedure for the assignmentof a glass transition temperature of materials on heating usingthermomechanical measurements.1.2 This test method may be used as a complement to TestMethod E1545 and is applicable to amorphous or to partiallycrystalline materials in the form of films, fib
4、ers, wires, etc. thatare sufficiently rigid to inhibit extension during loading atambient temperature.1.3 The generally applicable temperature range for this testmethod is 100 to 600C. This temperature range may bealtered depending upon the instrumentation used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are
5、to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
6、 establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-ologyE1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical PropertiesE1545 Test Method f
7、or Assignment of the Glass TransitionTemperature by Thermomechanical AnalysisE1970 Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalyti-cal DataE2602 Test Method for the Assignment of the Glass Tran-sition Temperature by Modulated Temperature DifferentialScanning Calorimetry3. Terminology3.1 Definiti
8、ons:3.1.1 The following terms are applicable to this test methodand can be found in Terminology E473 and TerminologyE1142: thermomechanical analysis (TMA), thermodilatometry,glass transition, glass transition temperature.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses thermomechanical analysis eq
9、uip-ment (thermomechanical analyzer, dilatometer, or similar de-vice) with the test specimen in tension to determine the changein dimension of a thin specimen observed when the material issubjected to a constant heating rate through the glass transitionregion. This change in dimension associated wit
10、h the changefrom vitreous solid to amorphous liquid is observed as move-ment of a sensing probe in direct contact with the specimen andis recorded as a function of temperature. The intersection of theextrapolation of the slope of the probe displacement curvebefore and after the transition is used to
11、 determine a tempera-ture that is assigned as the glass transition temperature.5. Significance and Use5.1 The glass transition is dependent on the thermal history,softening agents or additives of the material to be tested. Foramorphous and semicrystalline materials the assignment of aglass transitio
12、n temperature may lead to important informationabout thermal history, processing conditions, stability, progressof chemical reactions, and mechanical and electrical behavior.5.2 Thermomechanical analysis provides a rapid means ofdetecting changes in hardness or linear dimensional changeassociated wi
13、th the glass transition. Dimensional changesmeasured as a specimen is heated over the Tgregion mayinclude the interaction of several effects: an increase in thecoefficient of expansion, a decrease in the modulus, whichunder a constant stress leads to increased extension, stressrelief leading to irre
14、versible dimensional change (shrinkage in1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on ThermalMeasurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Funda-mental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published February 2
15、010. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1824 08. DOI:10.1520/E1824-09E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the sta
16、ndards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.one dimension, expansion in another dimension), and physicalaging effects which change the kinetics of the dimensionalchange.5.3 This tes
17、t method is useful for research and development,quality control, and specification acceptance testing; particu-larly of films and fibers.6. Interferences6.1 This test method may be used for materials having aglass transition at or below ambient temperature providing careis taken to avoid exposing th
18、e specimen to a tensile force priorto cooling the specimen below its glass transition. Applying atensile load on a specimen that is above its glass transition willresult in elongation of the specimen which may introduceorientation and residual stresses that will alter the specimenthermal history and
19、 may yield erroneous results during theheating cycle.6.2 Specimens of thickness less than 0.2 mm may be diffi-cult to handle.6.3 Specimens of thickness greater than 5 mm may developtemperature nonuniformities of sufficient extent as to yielderroneously high values for an assigned glass transition te
20、m-perature using this test method.7. Apparatus7.1 The essential equipment required to provide the mini-mum instrument capability for this test method includes:7.1.1 A Thermomechanical Analyzer (TMA) or Ther-modilatometer, consisting of:7.1.1.1 Rigid Specimen Holder, of inert, low expansivitymaterial
21、 (#20 m/m-C), usually quartz, to center the speci-men in the furnace and to fix the specimen to mechanicalground.NOTE 1Use of rigid specimen holders and tension probes constructedof lower thermal expansivity (#5 m/m-C) materials or corrections forhardware expansivity may be necessary if very small c
22、hanges in specimendimensions are encountered with this test method.7.1.1.2 Rigid Tension Probe, of inert, low expansivity ma-terial (# 5 m/m-C), usually quartz, which contacts thespecimen with an applied in-plane tensile force.7.1.1.3 Sensing Element, with a dynamic range of at least5 mm, a linearit
23、y of 1 % or better, and sufficient sensitivity tomeasure the displacement of the rigid tension probe within 61m resulting from changes in length of the specimen.7.1.1.4 Weight or Force Transducer, to generate a constantforce between 0 and 50 mN 6 2 % that is applied through therigid tension probe to
24、 the specimen.7.1.1.5 Furnace and Temperature Controller, capable ofexecuting a temperature program of uniform controlled heatingof a specimen at a constant rate of 5 6 0.2C/min betweenrequired temperature limits to 60.5C.7.1.1.6 Temperature Sensor, that can be positioned repro-ducibly in close prox
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