ASTM E2670-2009 Standard Test Method for Objective Quantification of Dental Plaque Using Digital Still Cameras《用数码相机将牙菌斑客观量化的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM E2670-2009 Standard Test Method for Objective Quantification of Dental Plaque Using Digital Still Cameras《用数码相机将牙菌斑客观量化的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E2670-2009 Standard Test Method for Objective Quantification of Dental Plaque Using Digital Still Cameras《用数码相机将牙菌斑客观量化的标准试验方法》.pdf(11页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E 2670 09Standard Test Method forObjective Quantification of Dental Plaque Using Digital StillCameras1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2670; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONDental plaque is a biofilm, which grows on teeth and surrounding tissue. In many cases, dentalplaque is the underl
3、ying cause of many oral diseases, that is, cavities and gum diseases. Thus,controlling dental plaque through its removal and inhibition of re-growth is essential to maintaininggood oral health. Today, there are hundreds of products produced to control dental plaque. Examplesare; toothbrushes, toothp
4、astes, floss, rinses, gums and routine dental cleanings. One universal designobjective maximizes plaque control through enhanced cleaning ability or chemistry which inhibitsplaque growth; that is, anti-bacterial agents. Often, the effectiveness of a product or procedure ismeasured in a clinical tria
5、l with traditional methods of estimating plaque coverage. For example, themodified Turesky index is often used. This index is an integer scale ranging from 0 (no plaque) to 5(complete plaque coverage). The clinical examiner estimates the numerical value or score based onvisual observation of the pla
6、que. Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to this approach. First, the scaleis non-linear with respect to plaque area coverage. Second, the application of the scale is subjectiveby nature. Therefore, an objective method of measuring the amount of plaque on teeth represents asignificant improvement in
7、the science of plaque measurement.1. Scope1.1 This method covers the procedure, instrumental require-ments, standardization procedures, material standards, mea-surement procedures, and parameters necessary to make pre-cise measurements of dental plaque on the teeth revealed byfluorescence. In partic
8、ular it is meant to measure the amount ofplaque and plaque coverage on human teeth.1.2 Digital images are used to measure the coverage ofdental plaque on the teeth using discrimination analysis. Alllocalized discoloration, such as stains, inclusions, pigmenta-tions, etc., may be separated from the m
9、easurement and theanalysis. All other non-relevant parts, such as teeth, tongue,spaces, dental restorations or prostheses, etc., must be sepa-rated from the measurement and the analysis.NOTE 1This procedure may not be applicable for all types of dentalwork.1.3 The broadband reflectance factors of th
10、e teeth andsurrounding tissue are measured. The colorimetric measure-ment is performed using an illuminator system that providescontrolled illumination on the teeth and surrounding tissue. ADigital Still Camera (DSC) is used to capture the digital image.1.4 Data acquired using this method may be use
11、d to assesspersonal plaque coverage for the purposes of identifyingoverall health status, health status at specific sites in the mouth,or to track changes in personal health status for individualsover time. Pooled data may be used to assess plaque coverage,health, disease among populations in epidem
12、iological surveys,evaluation of comparative product efficacy, or safety andtreatment response in clinical trials involving plaque coverageor disease.1.5 The apparatus, measurement procedure, and analysistechnique described herein are generic. The intent is not toexclude a specific apparatus, measure
13、ment procedure, or analy-sis technique.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Colorand Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.06 on ImageBased Color Measurement.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published June 2009.1Copyright ASTM Internati
14、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values in parenthesis are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
15、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement o
16、f Reflection and Transmission Properties ofMaterialsE 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability ofColor Measurement by Use of Multiple MeasurementsE 1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observa-tion and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of
17、Materials2.2 ISO Publications:3ISO 17321-1 Colour characterization of digital still cameras(DSCs) Part 1: stimuli, metrology, and test proceduresISO/IEC 15444-1:2000JPEG2000 Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system Part 1: Corecoding system, commonly known as JPEG 2000 jp2 fileformat2.3
18、ISCC Publications:4Technical Report 2003-1 Guide to Material and Their Use inColor Measurement3. Terminology3.1 Terms and definitions in Terminology E 284 are appli-cable to this test method.3.2 Definitions: Terms included in this section that arepeculiar to this standard.3.2.1 angle of incidence, n
19、u1and u2optional, the polarangle between the central ray of the illuminator(s), I1and I2,and the Z axis, which is the optical axis of the camera.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThese are shown in Fig. A1.1.3.2.2 anterior teeth, nanterior teeth are the six upper andsix lower front teeth; the anterior teeth consist
20、 of incisors andcuspids (canines).3.2.3 bit depth, nthe number of digital bits used to storeinformation contained in each color channel of each pixel.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe bit depth determines the maximumnumber of colors that may be encoded by the system. Forexample, a 24 bit system comprising 8 bit
21、s per channel canencode 283 283 28or about 17 million colors; far more thanare distinguishable by the human observer.3.2.4 biofilm, na complex aggregation of microorganisms.3.2.4.1 DiscussionBiofilms have been implicated in theformulation of dental plaque and gingivitis.3.2.5 canine, nthe third toot
22、h from the center of themouth towards the back of the mouth; these are the front teeththat have one rounded or pointed edge used for biting.3.2.6 dental plaque, na biofilm consisting of bacteria inan intrabacterial matrix, which adheres to teeth.3.2.7 disclosing agent, na dye which binds to, adsorbs
23、 toor is physically retained in the plaque matrix.3.2.7.1 DiscussionCommon disclosing agents are fluores-cein, erythrosine, fast green, and methlyene blue.3.2.8 facial surfaces, nthe surfaces of teeth and gingivathat are oriented outward toward the lips (labial) and cheeks(buccal), and facing away f
24、rom the tongue or roof of themouth.3.2.9 in-vivo, adjwithin a living body.3.2.9.1 DiscussionPertaining to measurements made in aliving body.3.2.10 NIR cutoff filter, nan optical filter that does notpass wavelengths longer than 700 nm.3.2.11 posterior teeth, nthe large teeth in the back of themouth.4
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
本资源只提供5页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
5000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ASTME26702009STANDARDTESTMETHODFOROBJECTIVEQUANTIFICATIONOFDENTALPLAQUEUSINGDIGITALSTILLCAMERAS 数码相机

链接地址:http://www.mydoc123.com/p-531667.html