1、BRITISH STANDARD CP 102:1973 Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Code of Practice for Protection of buildings against water from the ground UDC 699.82 + 69.034.9CP102:1973 This Code of Practice has been prepared by a Committee convened by the Code of Practice Committee for Building. Having been
2、endorsed by the Council for Codes of Practice, it was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 20October,1973 BSI 03-1999 First published October 1963 First revision October 1973 The following BSI reference relates to the work on this CodeofPractice: Committee reference BLCP/22 ISBN 0
3、 580 07671 7 Code drafting committee BLCP/22 Protection against ground water Mr. A. W. Hill Chairman Mr. C. A. Scott Association of British Roofing Felt Manufacturers Ltd Mr. A. W. Hill Cement and Concrete Association Mr. W. Freeman Department of the Environment Mr. A. G. Day Department of the Envir
4、onment, Building Research Establishment Mr. R. L. Mills Felt Roofing Contractors Advisory Board Mr. I. Riley Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors Mr. H. M. Snashall Institute of Petroleum Mr. E. V. Finn Institution of Civil Engineers Mr. C. S. H. Hawkes Institution of Municipal Engin
5、eers Mr. B. L. Hurst Mr. A. P. Mason Institution of Structural Engineers Mr. R. M. Edwards Mr. T. J. Harrison Mastic Asphalt Council Employers Federation Ltd Mr. F. J. Prater Mr. D. M. Fountain, M.B.E. National Federation of Building Trades Employers Mr. D. W. Aldred Royal Institute of British Archi
6、tects Mr. O. S. Chesterton, M.C. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Mr. C. H. Church British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 1511 July 1974 2196 January 1977 2470 February 1978 Indicated by a sideline in the marginCP 102:1973 BSI 03
7、-1999 i Contents Page Code drafting committee BLCP/22 Protection against ground water Inside front cover Foreword iii Section 1. General 1 Scope 1 2 Exchange of information and time schedule 1 Section 2. Waterproofing of structures below ground 3 Materials 1 3.1 Constructional materials 1 3.2 Waterp
8、roofing materials 2 4 Preliminary investigations and design criteria for basements 2 4.1 General 2 4.2 Preventative measures 3 4.3 Basis of design 3 5 Type A structures: structures requiring the protection of an imperviousmembrane 4 5.1 Structural requirements 4 5.2 Requirements for the impervious m
9、embrane 5 5.3 Pumping 9 5.4 Basement carried on piles where tanking is used 9 6 Mastic asphalt tanking 9 6.1 General 9 6.2 Externally applied tanking 9 6.3 Internally applied tanking 9 6.4 Pumpint 10 6.5 Workmanship 10 6.6 Laying techniques 11 7 Bitumen sheet tanking 12 7.1 General 12 7.2 Externally
10、 applied tanking 12 7.3 Internally applied tanking 12 7.4 Pumping 12 7.5 Workmanship 12 7.6 Laying techniques 12 8 Type B structures: structures without membrane 13 8.1 General 13 8.2 Joints in concrete structures 13 8.3 Junction of floor and wall 14 8.4 General design recommendations 14 8.5 Arrange
11、ment of reinforcement 14 8.6 Cover to reinforcement 15 8.7 Pumping 16 8.8 Construction 16 9 Inspection and repair of concrete basements 16 9.1 Inspection of basement 16 9.2 Pressure grouting 16 9.3 Repair by waterproof renderings 16CP 102:1973 ii BSI 03-1999 Page Section 3. Methods of providing damp
12、-proofing of walls and floors at or near ground level 10 Damp-proofing of walls 17 10.1 General 17 10.2 Materials for damp-proof courses 17 10.3 Durability 17 10.4 Effect of movement 17 10.5 Location of damp-proof course 17 10.6 Continuity of moisture barrier 17 10.7 Work on site 18 11 Damp-proofing
13、 of floors 17 11.1 General 18 11.2 Principles of damp-proofing 18 11.3 Factors influencing the degree of protection 21 11.4 Continuity of membrane 21 11.5 Preparation of site 21 11.6 Work on site for waterproof flooring materials 21 11.7 Work on site for sandwich membranes 22 11.8 Damp-proofing for
14、suspended timber floors 23 Figure 1 Internally applied asphalt tanking 5 Figure 2 Internally applied asphalt tanking. Vertical loading with brickwork 5 Figure 3 Externally applied asphalt tanking to brickwork 5 Figure 4 Asphalt tanking. Treatment of pipes 5 Figure 5 Externally applied asphalt tankin
15、g to concrete 6 Figure 6 Asphalt tanking to column bases 6 Figure 7 Internally applied bitumen sheet tanking. Method of forminginternal angle 6 Figure 8 Externally applied bitumen sheet tanking. Method of formingexternal angle 7 Figure 9 Externally applied bitumen sheet tanking. Alternative method o
16、f forming external angle 7 Figure 10 Bitumen sheet tanking. Treatment of pipes 8 Figure 11 Bitumen sheet tanking to column bases 8 Figure 12 Tanked concrete basement carried on piles 10 Figure 13 Pressure distribution diagram 15 Figure 14 Continuity of wall and floor damp-proof membrane 24 Figure 15
17、 External wall (suspended floor) 24 Figure 16 Internal load-bearing wall 24 Figure 17 Treatment of combined solid and suspended floors 24 Table 1 Protection against rising damp 19 Table 2 Properties of flooring materials in relation to resistance togroundmoisture penetration 20 Publications referred
18、 to 26CP 102:1973 BSI 03-1999 iii Foreword As part of BSIs programme of metrication, this Code is expressed in metric terms. The metric values are given in SI units; for further information on SI units, reference should be made to BS3763, “The International System of units (SI)”. The values in this
19、Code represent the equivalent of the values in imperial units in the 1963 edition rounded to convenient numbers. Although the values are not exact equivalents of the imperial units, this is not a technical revision but it is proposed to withdraw the existing Code when this edition is published. A Br
20、itish Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with it does not confer immunity from relevant statutory and legal requirements. Summary of pages This document comprises a fron
21、t cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.iv blankCP 102:1973 BSI 03-1999 1 Se
22、ction 1. General 1 Scope This Code deals with the methods of preventing the entry of ground water and surface water into a building from the surrounding areas. It makes recommendations for the drainage of adjoining areas, for special waterproof or water-resisting types of construction below ground l
23、evel and for the damp-proofing of walls and floors at or near ground level. It has been assumed that the design of all constructional work within the scope of this Code will be carried out by an architect and/or engineer experienced in the type of construction concerned and referred to throughout th
24、is Code as the designer. Section 2 of this Code describes methods of preventing the entry of ground water into a building at or below ground level where ground or surface water may not be able to escape immediately. Section 3 of this Code describes methods of providing damp-proofing of walls and flo
25、ors at or near ground level. In Section 2 two types of structure are considered: 1) Type A in which protection is provided by a continuous impervious membrane which excludes visible penetration of water and provides a vapour seal. 2) Type B in which visible penetration of water is prevented, but tra
26、nsmission in the form of vapour may not be wholly excluded. For the purposes of this Code, this degree of protection is assumed to be provided by high quality reinforced or prestressed concrete. No recommendations are included in this Code for the use of embedded heating in basements, floors and wal
27、l or for the special requirements in connection with the design and construction of cold-stores. NOTEThe titles of the British Standards referred to in this Code are listed on page 26. 2 Exchange of information and time schedule The working drawings and specifications should be prepared in sufficien
28、t detail to afford proper guidance to all concerned in estimating and in the execution of the work. There should be exchange of information between those responsible for the site preparation, the constructional work, pumping or dewatering, the tanking and waterproofing work and other subsequent work
29、, and these should take place in the early stages to ensure that the various operations can be carried out at the proper time and that all necessary provisions for satisfactory execution have been made in advance. A time schedule should be prepared before the work is commenced so as to provide for t
30、he greatest rate of progress consistent with the most economical use of plant and scaffolding by the various specialists and trades and with a minimum of pumping. In particular, the schedule should provide a sequence agreed by the various specialists and trades which ensures the least interference w
31、ith the work of others. Section 2. Waterproofing of structures below ground 3 Materials 3.1 Constructional materials 3.1.1 Cement. The cement used should be Portland cement or Portland-blastfurnace cement. Portland cement should comply with the requirements of BS12-2. Portland-blastfurnace cement sh
32、ould comply with the requirements of BS146. Other cements, such as low heat Portland cement, sulphate resisting Portland cement, high alumina cement and supersulphated cement may be desirable in certain circumstances, but they should only be used with the designers approval. High alumina cement shou
33、ld not be mixed with either of the other kinds of cement. It may be unsuitable for use with certain aggregates which may liberate appreciable amounts of soluble alkalies or lime, and the user can only be guided by previous experience in determining whether it is suitable for use with such aggregates
34、. Concretes made with high alumina cement are sometimes unsatisfactory in warm, moist conditions. This cement should be used only in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.CP102:1973 2 BSI 03-1999 Supersulphated cement should be used only in accordance with the manufacturers recommendatio
35、ns and especially in regard to storage, curing and concreting in cold weather. Supersulphated cement should not be mixed with the other kinds of cement. 3.1.2 Aggregates for concrete. Aggregates for concrete should be selected from 1) or 2). 1) Coarse and fine aggregate complying with the requiremen
36、ts of BS882. The combined aggregates should have an absorption of not greater than5%, measured in accordance with BS812, Section 4. 2) Other types of aggregates which are suitable, having regard to their strength, durability, absorption and freedom from harmful properties. Fine aggregates, with grad
37、ings complying with Zones1,2 and3 only of BS882 should be used for nominal mixes but fine aggregates within Zone4 may be suitable for special mixes. The combined grading of the aggregates should be such as to produce a concrete of the specified proportions which will work readily into position witho
38、ut segregation and without the use of an excessive water content. The grading should be controlled throughout the work so that it conforms to that used for the preliminary tests. 3.1.3 Fine aggregate for mortar. Fine aggregate for mortar should be clean and well graded. It should comply with the req
39、uirements for natural sands in BS1200. 3.1.4 Water. Water for concrete should be clean and free from harmful matter. Attention is drawn to the requirements of BS3148. 3.1.5 Reinforcement. In reinforced concrete the reinforcement should be one of the following: 1) Steel bars and hard drawn steel wire
40、 complying with the requirements of BS4449 and BS4482. 2) Cold twisted steel bars complying with the requirements of BS4461. 3) Steel fabric complying with the requirements of BS4483. 4) Such other reinforcement as may be suitable having regard to the yield strength, ductility, tensile strength and
41、other essential properties. 3.1.6 Prestressing steel. In prestressed concrete the prestressing steel should be one of the following: 1) Plain hard-drawn steel wire complying with the requirements of BS2691. 2) Indented or crimped hard-drawn steel wire complying with the requirements of BS2691 in all
42、 respects except that for the bend test. 3) Cold worked high tensile alloy steel bars complying with the requirements of BS4486. 4) Such other wires, strand or bars having properties not inferior to those laid down in BS2691 or BS4486 respectively. 3.2 Waterproofing materials 3.2.1 Mastic asphalt. M
43、astic asphalt for tanking should conform to the requirements of either BS1097 or BS1418. 3.2.2 Bitumen sheeting. Bitumen sheeting for tanking should conform to the requirements of ClassA of BS743. For three layer work the minimum weight should be3.8kg/m 2 . For two layer work the minimum weight shou
44、ld be5.4kg/m 2 . 3.2.3 Bitumen compound. Bitumen compound for bonding and sealing bitumen sheeting should be oxidized bitumen of penetration at25C20/30 softening point (R and B)80/100C. NOTEThe properties of the bitumen materials referred to in3.2.3 are based on the methods of test given in BS4692.
45、4 Preliminary investigations and design criteria for basements 4.1 General. Before commencing work on any structure below ground level a thorough site investigation and exploration of soil and water levels should be made. The testing of soil and ground water samples for sulphate or other aggressive
46、chemicals should also be included. The procedure described in CP2001 is recommended in all cases, care being taken to ensure that the whole of the area is surveyed by a considered selection of positions for borings or test holes. Where high concentrations of sulphate are found in the soil or ground
47、water consideration should be given to the provision of an impervious membrane or to the use of special cements to provide a concrete of adequate resistance to sulphate attack. Almost all basement structures are likely to be subjected to water pressure at some period of their life. Even when the sit
48、e examination indicates dry conditions, it should be borne in mind that there is a possibility of waterlogged conditions at some time in the future. In a permeable subsoil ground water requires time to drain away and the action of constructing a basement in a hole in the ground may of itself induce
49、a water head. It is, therefore, recommended that all basement structures should be designed on the basis that water pressure will need to be resisted at some stage in their life (see4.3).CP 102:1973 BSI 03-1999 3 Basements of reinforced or prestressed concrete, if properly designed and constructed, will resist the penetration of water under a pressure many times in excess of that normally encountered in this type of structure. Water has the capacity, however, of penetrating even minor defects and a high standard of workmanship is requ
