1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12274-8:2005 Slurry surfacing Test methods Part 8: Visual assessment of defects The European Standard EN 12274-8:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 93.080.20 BS EN 12274-8:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strat
2、egy Committee on 14 December 2005 BSI 14 December 2005 ISBN 0 580 47265 5 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12274-8:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/510, Road materials, to Subcommittee B/510/2,
3、Surface dressings, sprays and slurry surfacings, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related internatio
4、nal and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found i
5、n the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsi
6、ble for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright not
7、ice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN122748 September2005 ICS93.080.20 EnglishVersion SlurrysurfacingTestmethodsPart8:Visualassessmentof defects Materiaux
8、bitumineuxcoulsafroidMthodesdessai Partie8:Evaluationvisuelle DnneAsphaltschichteninKaltbauweisePrfverfahren Teil8:AugenscheinlicheBeurteilung ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon4August2005. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEur
9、opean Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlangua
10、gemadebytranslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusastheofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy
11、,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitatio
12、ninanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN122748:2005:EEN 12274-8:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 4 4 Visual assessment of defects 6 5 Expression of Results 10 6 Test report .12 Annex A (normativ
13、e) Qualitative assessment Estimated “drive-over“ method 13 Annex B (normative) Quantitative assessment Measured method15 Annex C (informative) Photographs of defects 16 Bibliography.22 EN 12274-8:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 12274-8:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CE
14、N/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
15、by March 2006. This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below: EN 12274-1, Slurry surfacing Test methods Part 1: Sampling for binder extraction. EN 12274-2, Slurry surfacing Test methods Part 2: Determination of residual binder content. EN 12274-3, Slurry surfacing Test metho
16、ds Part 3: Consistency. EN 12274-4, Slurry surfacing Test methods Part 4: Determination of cohesion of the mix. EN 12274-5, Slurry surfacing Test methods Part 5: Determination of wearing. EN 12274-6, Slurry surfacing Test methods Part 6: Rate of application. EN 12274-7, Slurry surfacing Test methods
17、 Part 7: Shaking abrasion test. EN 12274-8, Slurry surfacing Test methods Part 8: Visual assessment of defects. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
18、Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12274-8:2005 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard s
19、pecifies qualitative and quantitative test methods of the visual assessment of defects of slurry surfacing. This European Standard is applicable to all slurry surfacing (roads, airfields and other areas). The visual assessment reports for both methods have identical records and thus both may be used
20、 to check the specification for visual assessment of defects. Defects emanating from the substrate (existing road) must not be taken into consideration. NOTE 1 The qualitative and quantitative tests may be used separately or sequentially. This may relate to different types of sites (for example ligh
21、tly trafficked roads may not be required to be quantitatively assessed). NOTE 2 The test may be used to evaluate the durability of slurry surfacing. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only t
22、he edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13036-1, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 1: Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric measurement patch techn
23、ique 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply. 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 defect state of a slurry surfacing where the material is affected by one or more of the effects defined in this European Standard (see
24、 3.1.2 to 3.1.13). 3.1.2 bleeding, fatting up and tracking appearance of free binder at the surface NOTE This may be due to the binder migrating to the surface (bleeding) or to coarse aggregate migrating downwards (fatting up) or a combination of the two, it is often difficult to visually separate t
25、he two causes. Tracking is evident as shiny areas caused by traffic resulting in loss of macrotexture normally in the wheel tracks. 3.1.3 delamination detachment of the slurry surfacing from the underlying road or from a lower layer of a multi-layer slurry surfacing 3.1.4 wearing and loss of slurry
26、surfacing loss of mass of material EN 12274-8:2005 (E) 5 3.1.5 loss of coarse aggregate loss of chippings due to the action of traffic before the slurry surfacing has gained sufficient strength or by stripping of the binder from the aggregate 3.1.6 lane joint gaps incomplete layer of slurry surfacin
27、g between adjacent lanes 3.1.7 rutting permanent deformation, by flow, of the slurry surfacing layer, which occurs in the wheel tracks 3.1.8 slippage horizontal deformation by flow of the slurry surfacing over the layer beneath or the underlying road due to the action of traffic 3.1.9 corrugation tr
28、ansverse undulations at more or less regular spacing (the area encompassing the corrugation is measured) 3.1.10 bump (ridge) transverse or longitudinal raised area NOTE This may be caused by overlap during installation. 3.1.11 small repetitive defects or groups of small defects defects less than 1 m
29、 2and greater than 10 D 2where D is the upper aggregate size as defined in EN 13043 for the slurry surfacing being visually assessed NOTE They may be grouped together for evaluation. 3.1.12 other defects defects caused by operations on the road since the slurry surfacing was laid, for example damage
30、 caused by winter maintenance or accident. These are not considered as a defect in this European Standard 3.1.13 longitudinal grooves (score marks) marks parallel to the laying direction below the general finished level of the slurry surfacing NOTE Longitudinal grooves are often produced by larger a
31、ggregate particles or broken and hardened mix dragged by the spreader box. 3.1.14 width of lane when there are no road markings, the lane width is the full road width; when there are road markings, the lane width is the distance between the centre marking and kerb or verge; and when there are more t
32、han two lanes, then the outside or centre lanes and hard shoulder (safety zone) are considered separately EN 12274-8:2005 (E) 6 3.2 Symbols A 1is the sum of the areas of bleeding fatting up and tracking in the 100 m section being considered, in square metres (m 2 ); A 2is the sum of the areas of del
33、amination, loss of aggregate, wearing, lane joint gaps, rutting and slippage in the 100 m section being considered, in square metres (m 2 ); A 3is the sum of the areas of corrugation, bumps and ridges in the 100 m section being considered, in square metres (m 2 ); A 4is the sum of the areas of the r
34、ectangle or rectangles containing small repetitive defects or group of small defects in the 100 m section being considered, in square metres (m 2 ); D is the upper aggregate sieve size of the slurry surfacing (as in EN 13043); L is the total length of longitudinal grooves in the 100 m section, in me
35、tres (m); P 1is the proportion of area of bleeding, fatting up and tracking in the 100 m section being considered, expressed as a percentage (%), of the area of the section; P 2is the proportion of area of delamination, loss of aggregate, wearing, lane joint gaps, rutting and slippage in the 100 m s
36、ection being considered, expressed as a percentage (%), of the area of the section; P 3is the proportion of area of corrugation, bumps and ridges in the 100 m section being considered, expressed as a percentage (%), of the area of the section; P 4is the proportion of area of the rectangle or rectang
37、les containing a group of small defects or small repetitive defects, in the 100 m section being considered, expressed as a percentage (%), of the area of the section plus the number of rectangles (see Annex A, line 14 and Annex B, line 14, area and number); S is the area of 100 m long section of slu
38、rry surfacing, in square metres (m 2 ); W is the mean width of lane, in metres (m). 4 Visual assessment of defects 4.1 General A (100 1) m section of slurry surfacing is chosen for visual assessment for each lane of the road. The section reference shall be recorded in the relevant annex. Sections ma
39、y be located anywhere along the road except that they shall not overlap. The remainder of the site that is not chosen for testing or the area between sections is deemed to be without defects at the time the test is carried out. NOTE 1 The sections should be chosen in order to maximise the number of
40、defects in each section. NOTE 2 If the defects are localised there may be only one section chosen in one lane for the entire length of road treated. EN 12274-8:2005 (E) 7 NOTE 3 Where the whole site has defects to be evaluated, it may be convenient to divide it up into (100 1) m sections that are co
41、ntiguous (for example a 1 km road with no road markings would have ten sections, or twenty if there is a centre line marking). NOTE 4 Photographic records of sites and defects included in Annex C may assist in assessment. 4.2 Qualitative assessment 4.2.1 Procedure The qualitative assessment uses the
42、 visual assessment report as given in Annex A. Determine the section where the visual assessment is to be made (see 4.1). For the defect being considered, if there is none detected by this qualitative visual assessment then “none” should be reported according to Annex A. 4.2.1.1 Area defects Estimat
43、e the area S of the 100 m section. Area defects shall be assessed individually if they are larger than 1 m 2 . Where they are smaller than this see 4.2.1.1.4. 4.2.1.1.1 Bleeding, fatting up and tracking The areas of bleeding, fatting up and tracking shall be estimated and recorded if the individual
44、area of a defect is more than 1 m. A 1 is thesum of these defects. P 1is A 1divided by S as a percentage (see 5.1.3.2 (1). P 1shall be recorded according to Annex A. If there is a doubt, these defects may be determined by measurement of macrotexture according to EN 13036-1. NOTE If the result in the
45、 areas are less than 0,4 mm texture depth for microsurfacing or slurry surfacing of greater than 4 mm nominal size or 0,2 mm for 4 mm or smaller nominal size slurry surfacing, then they may be considered as defects. 4.2.1.1.2 Delamination, loss of aggregate, wearing, lane joint gaps, rutting and sli
46、ppage The areas of these defects shall be estimated and recorded if the individual area of a defect is more than 1 m. A 2 is thesum of these defects. P 2is A 2divided by S as a percentage (see 5.1.3.3, equation (2). P 2shall be recorded according to Annex A. NOTE Care should be taken to ensure that
47、a lane joint gap is only included in one section. 4.2.1.1.3 Corrugation, bumps and ridges Bumps and ridges can be considered as defects if their height above the surrounding material is equal to or greater than 20 mm. NOTE Corrugations can be considered as defects if the amplitude (peak to trough) m
48、easured by laying an approximately 1 m long straightedge is greater than 5 mm and the distance between the two adjacent wave peaks is between approximately 50 mm and 200 mm. The total area encompassing the corrugation is assessed. EN 12274-8:2005 (E) 8 The areas of these defects shall be estimated and recorded if the individual area of the defect is more than 1 m. A 3 is thesum of the areas of these defects. P 3is A 3divided by S as a percentage (see 5.1.3.4 (3). P 3shall be recorded according to Annex
