BS ISO 13163-2013 Water quality Lead-210 Test method using liquid scintillation counting《水质 铅-210 利用液体闪烁技术法的试验方法》.pdf
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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 13163:2013Water quality Lead-210 Test method using liquidscintillation countingBS ISO 13163:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13163:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommitt
2、ee EH/3/8, Radioactivity measurements.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Insti
3、tution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 72183 0ICS 13.060.60; 17.240Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2013.Amend
4、ments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 13163:2013 ISO 2013Water quality Lead-210 Test method using liquid scintillation countingQualit de leau Plomb 210 Mthode dessai par comptage des scintillations en milieu liquideINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO13163First edition2013-10-15Reference numbe
5、rISO 13163:2013(E)BS ISO 13163:2013ISO 13163:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includin
6、g photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749
7、 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 13163:2013ISO 13163:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Symbols 24 Principle 35 Reagents and equipment . 46 Sampling and storage 56.1 Sampling . 5
8、6.2 Sample storage 57 Procedure. 57.1 Sample preparation 67.2 Preconcentration . 67.3 Separation of 210Pb . 77.4 Measurement 88 Quality assurance and quality control programme . 98.1 General . 98.2 Influencing variables . 98.3 Instrument verification. 108.4 Contamination 108.5 Method verification 10
9、8.6 Demonstration of analyst capability . 109 Expression of results .109.1 General 109.2 Yield determination . 119.3 Calculation of activity concentration 129.4 Decision threshold 139.5 Detection limit 139.6 Confidence interval limits. 1310 Test report 14Annex A (informative) Spectra examples 15Bibl
10、iography .17BS ISO 13163:2013ISO 13163:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each memb
11、er body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Ele
12、ctrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types
13、of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held resp
14、onsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for t
15、he convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 3, Radioactivity measurements.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 13163:2013ISO 13163:2013(E)IntroductionRadioactivity from several naturally occ
16、urring and anthropogenic sources is present throughout the environment. Thus, water bodies (e.g. surface water, groundwater, seawater) can contain the following radionuclides of natural or human-made origins: natural radionuclides, including potassium-40, and those originating from the thorium and u
17、ranium decay series, particularly radium-226, radium-228, uranium-234, uranium-238, and lead-210, can be found in water for natural reasons (e.g. desorption from the soil and wash-off by rain water) or can be released from technological processes involving naturally occurring radioactive materials (
18、e.g. the mining and processing of mineral sands or the production and use of phosphate fertilizer); human-made radionuclides, such as transuranium elements (americium, plutonium, neptunium, curium), tritium, carbon-14, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting radionuclides, can also be found in natural wate
19、rs as a result of authorized routine releases into the environment in small quantities of the effluent discharged from nuclear fuel cycle facilities. They are also released into the environment following their use in unsealed form for medical and industrial applications. They are also found in the w
20、ater as a result of past fallout contamination resulting from the explosion in the atmosphere of nuclear devices and accidents such as those that occurred in Chernobyl and Fukushima.Drinking water may thus contain radionuclides at activity concentrations which could present a risk to human health. I
21、n order to assess the quality of drinking water (including mineral waters and spring waters) with respect to its radionuclide content and to provide guidance on reducing health risks by taking measures to decrease radionuclide activity concentrations, water resources (groundwater, river, lake, sea,
22、etc.) and drinking water are monitored for their radioactivity content as recommended by the World Health Organization WHO and required by some national authorities.An International Standard on a test method for lead-210 activity concentrations in water samples is justified for test laboratories car
23、rying out these measurements, required sometimes by national authorities, as laboratories may have to obtain a specific accreditation for radionuclide measurement in drinking water samples.Lead-210 activity concentration can vary according to local geological and climatic characteristics and usually
24、 ranges from 2 mBql-1to 300 mBql-1(References 1213). The guidance level for lead-210 in drinking water, as recommended by WHO, is 100 mBql-1(Reference 14).NOTE The guidance level is the activity concentration with an intake of 2 lday-1of drinking water for 1 year that results in an effective dose of
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