1、BS ISO14436:2010ICS 85.040NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPulps Standard tapwater for drainabilitymeasurements Conductivity 40 mS/mto 150 mS/mThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31
2、 March2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 68400 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 14436:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 14436:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test f
3、or paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cann
4、ot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 14436:2010Reference numberISO 14436:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO14436First edition2010-03-01Pulps Standard tap water for drainability measurements Conductivity 40 mS/m to 150 mS/m Ptes Eau du robinet normalise pour mesurages de laptitude l
5、gouttage Conductivit comprise entre 40 mS/m et 150 mS/m BS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are l
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8、ng to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
9、copying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Swit
10、zerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Principle1 5 Reagents for preparation of standard tap water 2 6 Preparation of standard tap
11、 water .2 7 Reporting test results .2 Annex A (informative) Influence of the conductivity on drainability results for different pulps 3 Bibliography6 BS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide fed
12、eration of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that comm
13、ittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accorda
14、nce with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires
15、 approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14436 was prepared by Technical C
16、ommittee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 5, Test methods and quality specifications for pulps. BS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction It is well known that even small amounts of electrolytes (salts) influence the drainability properties of a p
17、ulp suspension (References 2 and 3 in the Bibliography). The common practice in pulp testing has been to prepare pulp suspensions using distilled water. Since many pulps contain some electrolytes this practice results in salt concentrations in the pulp suspension that vary with the pulp under test.
18、By using water containing a specified amount of electrolytes when preparing the pulp suspension, the influence from salts arriving with the pulp is greatly reduced, see Annex A. By raising the salt concentration to such a level that the electrical conductivity of the pulp suspension exceeds 40 mS/m,
19、 the influence from small variations in salt concentration becomes negligible. For that reason, a standard tap water based on a divalent ion (Mg2+) and having a conductivity exceeding 40 mS/m has been chosen in this International Standard. NOTE The physical properties of pulp are affected by the pre
20、sence and type of cations (Reference 4 in the Bibliography) in standard tap water. It is important to have reliable drainability results, since in the evaluation of pulp quality the physical properties of laboratory sheets are often plotted as a function of drainability (SR or CSF) and are often rep
21、orted at a certain SR value (Schopper Riegler-value) or a certain CSF-value (Canadian Standard Freeness-value). The standard tap water can be used in the disintegration, the beating, and for the measurement of drainability properties. It must, however, be stated in the relevant International Standar
22、d whether the standard tap water described in this International Standard must be used. BS ISO 14436:2010BS ISO 14436:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14436:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Pulps Standard tap water for drainability measurements Conductivity 40 mS/m to 150 mS/m 1 Scope This Intern
23、ational Standard describes the specification and preparation of standard tap water, of conductivity between 40 mS/m and 150 mS/m, for drainability measurements. This International Standard is applicable to all kinds of pulps. NOTE ISO 144871describes the specification and preparation of standard dis
24、tilled/deionized water. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IS
25、O 6587, Paper, board and pulps Determination of conductivity of aqueous extracts 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 standard tap water distilled, deionized or tap water, having a conductivity between 40 mS/m and 150 mS/m achieved
26、 by adding a magnesium salt to the water, and having concentrations of iron, manganese and/or aluminium not exceeding 1 mg/l 4 Principle The standard tap water is prepared by adding magnesium sulfate to distilled water, deionized water or any other type of water that meets the requirements in this I
27、nternational Standard (see 5.1) until the specified electrical conductivity of the water is reached. BS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved5 Reagents for preparation of standard tap water 5.1 Distilled, deionized or tap water, having a conductivity of u 20 mS/m, measured i
28、n accordance with ISO 6587. If tap water is used, this shall be potable water of good quality, having concentrations of trivalent ions (such as iron, manganese and/or aluminium) not exceeding 1 mg/l. NOTE In many locations having “clean” tap water, that water can be used for preparing the standard t
29、ap water. 5.2 Magnesium sulfate, MgSO4, or magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, MgSO47H2O, of such a grade (pro-analysis, technical or puriss) that the requirements regarding the trivalent ions given in 5.1 are met in the standard tap water after preparation. 6 Preparation of standard tap water 6.1 Requi
30、rements The standard tap water shall have a conductivity of 40 mS/m to 150 mS/m. This can be achieved using a magnesium sulfate concentration of c(MgSO4) = 0,5 g/l. 6.2 Stock solution Prepare a stock solution, e.g. 100 g/l of MgSO4(or 204 g/l of MgSO47H2O), by dissolving a known amount of the magnes
31、ium sulfate (5.2) in a known amount of the water (5.1). The concentration of the solution may be chosen with regard to the procedure for preparation of the standard tap water as outlined in 6.3. 6.3 Standard tap water From the stock solution (6.2), prepare the standard tap water, for example, by add
32、ing 5 ml of a 100 g/l stock solution per litre of water (5.1). NOTE In laboratories where large volumes of standard tap water are used, it might be convenient to add the stock solution (6.2) by means of an automatic device. Such a device can be controlled using an on-line conductivity meter, in whic
33、h case the actual concentration of magnesium sulfate is not critical. 6.4 Checking of the required conductivity Using the procedure specified in ISO 6587, check the conductivity of the water produced in 6.3 to establish that it meets the requirements for standard tap water. The conductivity shall be
34、 between 40 mS/m and 150 mS/m. 7 Reporting test results When reporting test results SR value (Schopper-Riegler value), CSF value (Canadian-Standard-Freeness value) and/or WRV (Water Retention Value) obtained from pulp suspensions prepared using standard tap water, state clearly that standard tap wat
35、er in accordance with ISO 14436 has been used. BS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3Annex A (informative) Influence of the conductivity on drainability results for different pulps A.1 Information about the study This annex illustrates how the drainability results, in this
36、 case Schopper-Riegler values, vary when the conductivity of the pulp suspension is changed by adding magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, MgSO47H2O to the suspension. Two examples are given; one involves a pulp suspension containing an unbleached kraft pulp and the other involves a pulp suspension conta
37、ining a bleached sulfate pulp. Both pulps are commercially available softwood pulps produced in Scandinavia. A.2 Drainability results for unbleached kraft pulp The unbleached kraft pulp was beaten in a PFI mill using 15 000 revolutions. Distilled water was used when preparing the pulp suspensions. T
38、he conductivity of the water was varied by adding magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (121,6 g/l). See Table A.1. Table A.1 Schopper-Riegler values at different conductivities (unbleached kraft pulp) Added volume of MgSO47H2O Conductivity of the water Conductivity of the pulp suspension Schopper-Riegler
39、value ml/l mS/m mS/m SR 0 0,12 23,1 25,2 0,2 3,00 23,8 23,0 1,0 11,8 29,2 20,8 4,0 38,3 50,9 21,5 8,0 69,0 83,2 20,9 For the unbleached kraft pulp, the Schopper-Riegler value varies by approximately 5 SR units between the pulp suspension prepared using distilled water and the suspension prepared usi
40、ng the salted water. At a conductivity of about 30 mS/m, the Schopper-Riegler value becomes constant, i.e. there is no longer any influence of conductivity changes caused by the pulp. A.3 Drainability results for bleached sulfate pulp The fully bleached sulfate pulp was beaten in a PFI mill using 10
41、 000 revolutions. Distilled water was used when preparing the pulp suspension. The conductivity of the water was varied by adding magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (121,6 g/l). See Table A.2. BS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reservedTable A.2 Schopper-Riegler values at different
42、 conductivities (bleached sulfate pulp) Added volume of MgSO47H2O Conductivity of the water Conductivity of the pulp suspension Schopper-Riegler value ml/l mS/m mS/m SR0 0,24 0,79 47,6 0,2 3,19 3,46 40,5 1,0 13,3 14,1 35,0 2,0 20,3 20,7 35,6 4,0 38,2 40,3 32,6 8,0 70,1 70,3 32,2 12,0 97,4 98,4 32,9
43、For the fully bleached sulfate pulp, the Schopper-Riegler value varies by approximately 15 SR units between the pulp suspension prepared using distilled water and the suspension prepared using the salted water. At conductivities of about 40 mS/m, the Schopper-Riegler value becomes constant, i.e. the
44、re is no longer any influence of conductivity changes caused by the pulp. A.4 Large influence on the SR value of small conductivity changes at low conductivity Figures A.1 and A.2 illustrate the large changes in Schopper-Riegler values caused by small changes in conductivity at low conductivity valu
45、es, i.e. the situation that may occur if distilled water is used and the amount of salt in the pulp is not stable from the time one specimen is taken to the time the next specimen is taken (drawing samples from a production unit). By using the standard tap water described in this International Stand
46、ard, such variations in the SR value are eliminated. BS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 5Key X conductivity of pulp suspension, mS/m Y Schopper-Riegler value, SR Figure A.1 Influence of the conductivity of a pulp suspension on the Schopper-Riegler value for an unbleached
47、 kraft pulp Key X conductivity of pulp suspension, mS/m Y Schopper-Riegler value, SR Figure A.2 Influence of the conductivity of a pulp suspension on the Schopper-Riegler value for a bleached sulfate pulp BS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) 6 ISO 2010 All rights reservedBibliography 1 ISO 14487, Pulp
48、s Standard water for physical testing 2 GREVE, T., PACHNIEWSKI, J., GTTSCHING, L. Schopper-Riegler-Messung und Wasserqualitt. Wochenblatt fr Papierfabrikation 115 (1987): 11/12, pp. 493-498 3 COHEN, W.E., FARRANT, G., WATSON, A.J. The Influence of Electrolytes on Pulp and Paper Properties. APPITA Pr
49、oc. 3 (1949), pp. 72-104 4 SCALLAN, A.M. and GRIGNON, J. Svensk Papperstidning 82(2): 40 (1979) BS ISO 14436:2010BS ISO 14436:2010ISO 14436:2010(E) ICS 85.040 Price based on 6 pages ISO 2010 All rights reserved BS ISO 14436:2010This page has been intentionally left blank BS ISO14436:2010BSI GroupHeadquarters 389Chiswick High
