1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014Railway applications Track Noise barriers and relateddevices acting on airbornesound propagation Testmethod for determining theacoustic performancePart 5: Intrinsic characteristics In situvalues of sound reflection under directsound field conditionsPD C
2、EN/TS 16272-5:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS16272-5:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobt
3、ained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 76214 7ICS 93.100Compliance with a
4、British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQ
5、UE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16272-5 April 2014 ICS 93.100 English Version Railway applications - Track - Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 5: Intrinsic characteristics - In situ values of sound
6、 reflection under direct sound field conditions Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Dispositifs de rduction du bruit - Mthode dessai pour la dtermination des performances acoustiques - Partie 5: Valeurs in situ de la rflexion acoustique dans des conditions de champ acoustique direct Bahnanwendungen -
7、 Oberbau - Lrmschutzwnde und verwandte Vorrichtungen zur Beeinflussung der Luftschallausbreitung - Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung der akustischen Eigenschaften - Teil 5: Produktspezifische Merkmale - In-situ-Werte zur Schallreflexion in gerichteten Schallfeldern This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) wa
8、s approved by CEN on 26 February 2013 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a Europea
9、n Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final
10、 decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irel
11、and, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Cen
12、tre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 EPD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 2 Contents Foreword 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3
13、 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 10 5 Sound reflection index measurements . 11 5.1 General principle 11 5.2 Measured quantity . 11 5.3 Test arrangement . 12 5.4 Measuring equipment 16 5.4.1 Components of the measuring system . 16 5.4.2 Sound source . 17 5.4.3 Test signal 17 5.5
14、 Data processing . 18 5.5.1 Calibration 18 5.5.2 Sample rate . 18 5.5.3 Background noise 18 5.5.4 Signal subtraction technique . 18 5.5.5 Adrienne temporal window . 19 5.5.6 Placement of the Adrienne temporal window . 21 5.5.7 Low frequency limit and sample size 21 5.6 Positioning of the measuring e
15、quipment 22 5.6.1 Maximum sampled area 22 5.6.2 Selection of the measurement positions 23 5.6.3 Reflecting objects 27 5.6.4 Safety considerations . 27 5.7 Sample surface and meteorological conditions . 27 5.7.1 Condition of the sample surface 27 5.7.2 Wind 27 5.7.3 Air temperature 28 5.8 Measurement
16、 uncertainty . 28 5.9 Measuring procedure 28 5.10 Test report 29 Annex A (informative) Measurement uncertainty . 30 A.1 General 30 A.2 Expression for the calculation of sound reflection index . 30 A.3 Contributions to measurement uncertainty 31 A.4 Expanded uncertainty of measurement 31 A.5 Measurem
17、ent uncertainty based upon reproducibility data . 32 Annex B (informative) Template of test report on sound reflection of railway noise barriers 33 B.1 Template of test report 33 B.2 Test setup (example) . 34 PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 3 B.3 Test object and test situation (example
18、) . 35 B.4 Results (example) 37 B.4.1 Part 1 Results in tabular form . 37 B.4.2 Part 2 Results in graphic form 38 Bibliography 39 PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16272-5:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, t
19、he secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This Technical Specification is one of the ser
20、ies EN 16272 “Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performance” as listed below: Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics Sound absorption in the laboratory under diffuse sound field conditions Part 2: In
21、trinsic characteristics Airborne sound insulation in the laboratory under diffuse sound field conditions Part 3-1: Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for diffuse field applications Part 3-2: Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for direct field applica
22、tions Part 4: Intrinsic characteristics In situ values of sound diffraction under direct sound field conditions Part 5: Intrinsic characteristics In situ values of sound reflection under direct sound field conditions Part 6: Intrinsic characteristics In situ values of airborne sound insulation under
23、 direct sound field conditions Part 7: Extrinsic characteristics In situ values of insertion loss It should be read in conjunction with: EN 16272-1, Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performance
24、 Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics Sound absorption in the laboratory under diffuse sound field conditions EN 16272-3-1, Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performance Part 3-1: Normalized railwa
25、y noise spectrum and single number ratings for diffuse field applications EN 16272-3-2, Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performance Part 3-2: Normalized railway noise spectrum and single numbe
26、r ratings for direct field applications According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Forme
27、r Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014CEN/TS 16272-5:2014
28、(E) 5 Introduction This Technical Specification describes a test method for determining the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise barriers and claddings designed for railways in non-reverberant conditions (a measure of intrinsic performance). It can be applied in situ, i.e. where th
29、e noise barriers are installed. The method can be applied without damaging the surface. The method can be used to qualify products to be installed along railways as well as to verify the compliance of installed noise barriers to design specifications. Regular application of the method can be used to
30、 verify the long term performance of noise barriers. The method requires the average of results of measurements taken in different points in front of the device under test and/or for specific angles of incidences. The method is able to investigate flat and non-flat products. The measurements results
31、 of this method for sound reflection are not directly comparable with the results of the laboratory method (EN 16272-1), mainly because the present method uses a directional sound field, while the laboratory method assumes a diffuse sound field. The test method described in the present document shou
32、ld not be used to determine the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise reducing devices to be installed in reverberant conditions, e.g. claddings inside tunnels or deep trenches. For the purpose of this Technical Specification reverberant conditions are defined based on the envelope,
33、 e, across the rail formed by the barriers, trench sides or buildings (the envelope does not include the railway surface) as shown by the dashed lines in Figure 1. Conditions are defined as being reverberant when the percentage of open space in the envelope is less than or equal to 25 %, i.e.: Rever
34、berant conditions occur when w/e 0,25, where e = (w + h1+ h2) This criterion is applied also to the open space between the train body and the barrier surface. (a) Partial cover on both sides of the railway; envelope, e = w + h1+ h2(b) Partial cover on one side of the railway; e = w + h1(c) Deep tren
35、ch envelope, e = w + h1+ h2(d) Tall barriers or buildings; envelope, e = w + h1+ h2PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 6 (e) Train passing close to a noise barrier envelope, e = w + h1+ h2(f) Train passing close to a platform at the station, e = w + h1+ h2Key TOR top of rail w width of ope
36、n space Figure 1 (not to scale) Sketch of the reverberant condition check in six cases. This method introduces a specific quantity, called reflection index, to define the sound reflection in front of a noise barrier or cladding, while the laboratory method gives a sound absorption coefficient. Labor
37、atory values of the sound absorption coefficient can be converted to conventional values of a reflection coefficient taking the complement to one. In this case, research studies suggest that a quite good correlation exists between laboratory data, measured according to EN 16272-1 and field data, mea
38、sured according to the method described in the present document. This method may be used to qualify noise reducing devices for other applications, e.g. to be installed along roads or nearby industrial sites. In this case the single-number ratings should be calculated using an appropriate spectrum. P
39、D CEN/TS 16272-5:2014CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes a test method for measuring a quantity representative of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection from railway noise barriers: the reflection index. The test method is intended for the following ap
40、plications: determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise barriers to be installed along railways, to be measured either on typical installations alongside railways or on a relevant sample section; determination of the in situ intrinsic characteristics of sound reflecti
41、on of noise barriers and claddings in actual use; comparison of design specifications with actual performance data after the completion of the construction work; verification of the long term performance of noise barriers and claddings (with a repeated application of the method). The test method is
42、not intended for the following applications: determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise reducing devices to be installed in reverberant conditions, e.g. inside tunnels or deep trenches. Results are expressed as a function of frequency, in one-third octave bands betwe
43、en 100 Hz and 5 kHz. If it is not possible to get valid measurements results over the whole frequency range indicated, the results should be given in a restricted frequency range and the reasons of the restriction(s) should be clearly reported. All noise reducing devices different from noise barrier
44、s and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation, e.g. devices for attenuation of ground borne vibration and on board devices are out of the scope of this Technical Specification. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this docume
45、nt and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 16272-3-2:2012, Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on a
46、irborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performance Part 3-2: Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for direct field applications EN 61672-1, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications (IEC 61672-1) ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of m
47、easurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document the following definitions apply. 3.1 acoustic element element whose primary function is to provide the acoustic performance of the device PD CEN/TS 16272-5:201
48、4CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 8 3.2 Adrienne temporal window the composite temporal window described in 5.5.5 3.3 background noise noise coming from sources other than the source emitting the test signal 3.4 cladding noise reducing device, which is attached to a wall or other structure and reduces the am
49、ount of sound reflected Note 1 to entry: Claddings are generally made of acoustic and structural elements (see 3.3 and 3.4). 3.5 impulse response the time signal at the output of a system when a Dirac function is applied to the input Note 1 to entry: The Dirac function, also called function, is the mathematical idealisation of a signal infinitely short in time that carries a unit amount of energy. 3.6 maximum sampled area the surface area, projected on a front view of the nois
