EN 993-12-1997 en Methods of Test for Dense Shaped Refractory Products - Part 12 Determination of Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (Refactoriness)《密封成型耐火制品检验方法 第12部分 熔锥比值(耐火性)测定》.pdf
《EN 993-12-1997 en Methods of Test for Dense Shaped Refractory Products - Part 12 Determination of Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (Refactoriness)《密封成型耐火制品检验方法 第12部分 熔锥比值(耐火性)测定》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《EN 993-12-1997 en Methods of Test for Dense Shaped Refractory Products - Part 12 Determination of Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (Refactoriness)《密封成型耐火制品检验方法 第12部分 熔锥比值(耐火性)测定》.pdf(13页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Methods of test for Dense shaped refractory products Part 12. Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent (refractoriness) The European Stanard EN 993-12 : 1997 has the status of a British Wdarci ICs 81.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW 1 BS EN ,993-12 : 1997
2、 BS 1902 : Section 5.2 : 1997 STD-BSI BS EN 793-LZ-ENGL 1997 Lb24bb7 Ob31470 742 BS EN 993-12 : 1997 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee RPV1, Refractmy products and materials, to Subcommittee RPI/Ul, Sampling
3、 and physical testing of refractry materials, upon which the folowing bodies were represented: British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Industrial Ceramic Manufacturers Association British Metallurgical Plant Constructors Association British Steel Industry British Vermiculite Association Refractories A
4、ssociation of Great Britain Refractory Contractors Association Society of Glass Technology This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materiais and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1997
5、 O BSI 1997 Amendments issued since publication Amd.No- ID temperature of collapse The temperature at which the tip of a pyrometric reference cone reaches the level on which the base of the cone is mounted when the cone is heated at a specified rate under specified conditions. Page 3 EN 993-12 : 199
6、7 4 Principle Test pieces of refractoqy materiais or products are raised in temperature, under specified conditions, alongside pyrometric reference cones of known refractoriness, and their behaviour is compared with that of the reference cones. 5 Apparatus 6.1 Furnace 6.1.1 The fumace used for the d
7、etermination may be cylindrical or rectangular, and either verical or horizontal. 6.1.2 Under the test conditions, the difference in temperature between the coldest spot and the hottest sgot of the space occupied by the stand, the test pieces and the pyrometric reference cones shall not ekceed 10 “C
8、 (equivaient to approximately one-half of a reference cone number: see EN 993-13). NOTE 1. In order that this requirement is met when pyrometric reference cones of height 30 mm are used (the conventional height), a cylindrical furnace should have a chamber of at least 80 mm useful diameter and a rec
9、tangular furnace should have a dhamber at least 60 mm in height and 100 mm in width. NOTE 2. In order to minimize the effects of any irregular temperature distribution in the furnace, it may be convenient to arrange for the stand to be kept in motion relative to the furnace during the determination,
10、 e.g. by rotating the stand about a vertical axis. The uniformity of temperature shail be verified from time to time. NOTE 3. The uniformity can be measured by means of thermocouples or by the use of pyrometric reference cones. 6.1.3 The furnace shall be capable of reaching the required temperature
11、at the rakes of increase specified in 9.2 and9.3. 6.1.4 The atmosphere in the furnace shall contain free oxygen at ali times. NOTE. Certain furnaces (for example, certain types of furnace fired with hydrocarbon gas and oxygen) are not suitable for this method of determination because of the high con
12、tent of reducing gases or water vapour in their atmospheres. 6.1.6 In the case of a gas-fired furnace, complying with 6.1.4, the pyrometric reference cones and the test pieces shail be protected from any direct action of the fiame and from any turbulence of the hot gases. 6.2 Pyrometric reference co
13、nes 6.2.1 The pyrometric reference cones used should preferably conform to the requirements of EN 993-13. 6.2.2 Alternatively, other pyrometric cones may be used, provided thak a) the manufacturer of the cones has stated their respective reference temperatures; b) the cones conform to those referenc
14、e temperatures within the tolerance permitted in EN 993.13; NOTE. This condition may be deemed to be satisfied if the manufacturer of the cones has declared that they conform to this tolerance; otherwise, they should be tested in accordance with clause 7 of EN 993-13 : 1995. O BSI 1997 STDmBSI BS EN
15、 773-12-ENGL 1717 W LbZLIbb7 Ob31LI7b 3b0 H Page 4 EN 993-12 : 1997 c) the manufacturer of the cones has specified the angle at which the leading edge is to be mounted (see 8.2) and the rates at which the cones are to be heated (see 9.3); d) if the authority carrying out the determjnation is distinc
16、t from that for whom it is carried out, the type of reference cone to be used shall be agreed between the parties concerned 6.3 Stand for the pyrometric reference cones and the test pieces 6.3.1 The refractory stand for the pyrometric reference cones and the test pieces consists, depending upon the
17、type of furnace used, of a rectangdar plate or a disc of refractory material having adequately plane and parallel faces. 6.3.2 The stand and the refractory cement used for securing the pyrometric reference cones and the test pieces to the stand shall be such that up to the test temperature there is
18、no reaction between these items and the pyrometric reference cones or the test pieces. 6 Test pieces 6.1 Size and shape Each test piece shall have a shape geometrically similar to that of the pyrometric reference cones being used. Each test piece shall have a height not less than 100 %, and not more
19、 than 120 %, of the height of the reference cones being used. 6.2 Preparation of test pieces 6.2.1 General Where possible, test pieces from shaped and prefired unshaped products shall be cut in accordance with 6.2.2. If test pieces mot be cut, they shall be moulded from ground materiai in accordance
20、 with 6.2.3. Test pieces from powder and granular materials shall always be moulded in accordance with 6.2.3. 6.2.2 Cut test pieces 6.2.2.1 Test pieces from bricks and shapes shall be cut with a saw and dressed with a grinding wheel. Any skin of fired materials shall be removed 6.2.2.2 Samples of un
21、shaped materia,l.s such as plastic remries, ramming materiais, refractoqy mortars and refractory castables shall be shaped and fired in a manner appropriate to the material and its condition of use; the nring temperature shall be stated in the test report. W pieces shall then be cut from the red mat
22、eriai wih a saw and dressed with a grinding wheel. Any skin of fired material shall be removed. 6.2.2.3 In preparing a cut test piece (see 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2), it is advisable, as a first step, to cut a rectangular prism of a suitable size (15 mm X 15 mm X 40 nun, for a test piece of 30 mm height)
23、and, if the refractory material has a coarse or friable texture, to impregnate it with a suitable resin giving less than 0,5 % ash (e.g. Canada baisam). This rectangular prism is then cut and dressed. 6.2.3 Moulded test pieces 6.2.3.1 Test pieces for raw materials and prepared unshaped refractory ma
24、terials, and for those shaped refractory products from which test pieces cannot be cut in accordance with 6.2.2, shal be prepared in accordance with 6.2.3.2 to 6.2.3.6. 6.2.3.2 Crush the sample or samples selected, so that ali the material passes through a test sieve with a nominal aperture of 2 mm
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