ITU-T T 870-2002 Information technology C Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images Extensions (Study Group 16)《信息技术 连续影调静态图像的无损及近无损压缩 扩展 16号研究组》.pdf
《ITU-T T 870-2002 Information technology C Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images Extensions (Study Group 16)《信息技术 连续影调静态图像的无损及近无损压缩 扩展 16号研究组》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ITU-T T 870-2002 Information technology C Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images Extensions (Study Group 16)《信息技术 连续影调静态图像的无损及近无损压缩 扩展 16号研究组》.pdf(64页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T T.870TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (03/2002) SERIES T: TERMINALS FOR TELEMATIC SERVICES Information technology Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Extensions ITU-T Recommendation T.870 ITU-T Rec. T.870
2、 (03/2002) i INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 14495-2 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION T.870 Information technology Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Extensions Summary This Recommendation | International Standard defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and nearly lossless
3、 (where the error for each reconstructed sample is bounded by a predefined value) compression methods for coding continuous-tone (including bi-level), gray-scale, or colour digital still images. This Recommendation | International Standard: specifies extensions (including arithmetic coding, extensio
4、n of near lossless coding, extension of prediction and extension of Golomb coding) to processes for converting source image data to compressed image data; specifies extensions to processes for converting compressed image data to reconstructed image data including an extension for sample tranformatio
5、n for inverse colour transforms; specifies coded representations for compressed image data; provides guidance on how to implement these processes in practice. Source ITU-T Recommendation T.870 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 16 (2001-2004) and approved on 29 March 2002. An identical text is also p
6、ublished as ISO/IEC 14495-2. ii ITU-T Rec. T.870 (03/2002) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible
7、for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T st
8、udy groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basi
9、s with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of t
10、his Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the da
11、te of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult th
12、e TSB patent database. ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. T.870 (03/2002) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 2.1 Identical Recommendations | International St
13、andards 1 2.2 Additional references 1 3 Definitions, abbreviations, symbols and conventions 2 3.1 Definitions. 2 3.2 Abbreviations 2 3.3 Symbols. 2 4 General . 3 4.1 Extensions specified by this Recommendation | International Standard. 4 4.1.1 Encoding with arithmetic coding 4 4.1.2 Extension of nea
14、r-lossless coding . 4 4.1.3 Extension of prediction . 5 4.1.4 Extension of Golomb coding 5 4.1.5 Fixed length coding. 5 4.1.6 Sample transformation for inverse colour transforms . 5 4.2 Descriptions of extended functions . 5 5 Interchange format requirements 6 6 Encoder requirements. 6 7 Decoder req
15、uirements. 6 8 Conformance testing for extensions . 7 8.1 Purpose 7 8.2 Encoder conformance tests 7 8.3 Decoder conformance tests . 7 Annex A Encoding procedures with arithmetic coding for a single component. 10 A.1 Coding parameters and compressed image data 10 A.2 Initializations and conventions 1
16、0 A.2.1 Initializations. 10 A.2.2 Conventions for figures. 12 A.3 Context determination. 12 A.3.1 Local gradient computation. 12 A.3.2 Flat region detection 13 A.3.3 Local gradient quantization. 13 A.3.4 Quantized gradient merging 14 A.3.5 Adjustment of error tolerance for near-lossless coding with
17、visual quantization 14 A.4 Prediction 14 A.4.1 Edge-detecting predictor . 14 A.4.2 Prediction correction . 14 A.4.3 Computation of prediction error 15 A.4.4 Error quantization for near-lossless coding, and reconstructed value computation 16 A.4.5 Modulo reduction of the prediction error 16 A.5 Predi
18、ction error encoding 16 A.5.1 Error mapping . 17 A.5.2 Binarization of MErrval with the Golomb code tree. 17 A.5.3 Mapped-error encoding. 18 A.6 Update variables 18 A.6.1 Update. 18 A.6.2 Bias computation. 21 A.7 Flow of encoding procedures 22 iv ITU-T Rec. T.870 (03/2002) Page Annex B Arithmetic co
19、ding 24 B.1 Arithmetic encoding procedures . 24 B.1.1 Binary arithmetic encoding principles 24 B.1.2 Procedures of arithmetic coding 25 B.2 Arithmetic decoding procedures . 28 B.2.1 Binary arithmetic decoding principles 28 B.2.2 Procedures of arithmetic decoding 28 Annex C Encoding with arithmetic c
20、oding for multiple component images 30 C.1 Introduction. 30 C.2 Line interleaved mode. 30 C.2.1 Description 30 C.2.2 Process flow 30 C.3 Sample interleaved mode 30 C.3.1 Description 30 C.3.2 Process flow 31 C.4 Minimum coded unit (MCU) 31 Annex D Extended functions for the baseline coding model 32 D
21、.1 Extensions of near-lossless coding 32 D.1.1 Near-lossless coding with visual quantizaion . 32 D.1.2 Near-lossless coding with NEAR value re-specification 32 D.2 Extensions of prediction on baseline coding model 33 D.2.1 Initializations. 33 D.2.2 Prediction correction . 33 D.2.3 Symbol packing. 33
22、 D.2.4 Update variables 34 D.2.5 Run interruption sample encoding 35 D.2.6 Flow of encoding procedures 35 D.3 Extension of Golomb coding. 35 D.3.1 Golomb code completion 36 D.3.2 Run interruption handling for qbpp=1 36 Annex E Fixed length coding . 37 E.1 Introduction. 37 E.2 Fixed length coding. 37
23、 Annex F Sample transformation for inverse colour transform . 38 F.1 Inverse colour transform . 38 F.2 Example and guideline (Informative) 39 Annex G Compressed data format 41 G.1 General aspects of the compressed data format specification . 41 G.1.1 Marker assignments 41 G.1.2 JPEG-LS preset parame
24、ters specification syntax 41 Annex H Control procedures for extensions. 48 H.1 Control procedure for encoding a restart interval 48 H.2 Control procedure for encoding a minimum coded unit (MCU) with fixed length code (FLC) . 48 Annex I Conformance tests. 51 I.1 Test images . 51 I.1.1 Source images .
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