1、考研英语模拟试卷 194（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to (1)_ others to buy the food they
2、 have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can (2)_.But in the 19th century the mass production of goods (3)_ the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that (4)_ the development of the highway made person-to-person sellin
3、g (5)_ slow and expensive. At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines, (6)_ radio and television, made mass selling through (7)_ possible.The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best (8)_ to take the action the advertiser is recommending
4、. The action (9)_ be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or (10)_ to join the Army.Advertising as a (11)_ developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest (12)_. In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 b
5、illion dollars, or (13)_ 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product (14)_ advertising.(15)_ advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it (16)_ benefits for the consumer (17)_. Some of those economies are passed al
6、ong to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far (18)_ than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising (19)_ people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising (20)_ for the programs on commercial t
7、elevision and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.（A）request（B） oblige（C） affect（D）persuade（A）transfer（B） secure（C） enjoy（D）perform（A）resulting from（B） dealing with（C） leading to（D）going for（A）followed（B） preceded（C） achieved（D）induced（A）so（B） too（C） ver
8、y（D）more（A）second（B） and（C） then（D）later（A）marketing（B） advertising（C） salespeople（D）agents（A）profits（B） benefits（C） interests（D）gains（A）should（B） would（C） may（D）will（A）though（B） otherwise（C） still（D）even（A）business（B） service（C） product（D）profession（A）amount（B） extent（C） possibility（D）utility（A）sim
9、ilarly（B） supposedly（C） approximately（D）accountably（A）with（B） at（C） into（D）on（A）While（B） Therefore（C） But（D）If（A）induces（B） reduces（C） produces（D）introduces（A）as well（B） as usual（C） as a result（D）as a rule（A）more（B） less（C） cheaper（D）dearer（A）takes（B） brings（C） gives（D）delivers（A）works（B） calls（C） l
10、ooks（D）paysPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 The people who answer the phone get an endless stream of calls from people who are extremely upset that their electricity got turned off just because they failed t
11、o pay their bill for 297 months, or people asking questions like “Is it OK to operate an electric appliance while taking a bath?“So lets say that you have a genuine problem with your electric bill. The people in “Customer Service“ have no way of knowing that youre an intelligent, rational person. Th
12、eyre going to lump you in with the usual not-so-bright public. As far as theyre concerned, the relevant facts, in any dispute between you and them, are these:1. They have a bunch of electricity.2. You need it.3. So shut up.This is why, more and more, the people in “Customer Service“ wont even talk t
13、o you. They prefer to let you talk to the convenient Automatic Phone Answering System until such a time as you die of old age “. If your FIRST name has more than eight letters, and your LAST name begins with H through L press 251 NOW. If your first name has LESS than eight letters, and your last nam
14、e contains at least two E s, press 252 NOW. If your.“So is there any way that you, the lowly consumer, can gain the serious attention of a large and powerful business? I am pleased to report that there IS a way, which I found out about thanks to an alert reader who sent me a news report from Russia.
15、 According to this report, a Russian electric company got into a dispute with a customer and cut off the customers electricity. This customer, however, happened to be a unit of the Russian Army. So the commander ordered a tank to drive over to the electric companys office and aim its gun at the wind
16、ows. The electricity was turned right back on.On behalf of consumers everywhere, I want to kiss this military commander on the lips. I mean, what a GREAT concept. Imagine, as a consumer, how much more seriously your complaint would he taken if you were complaining from inside a vehicle capable of re
17、ducing the entire “Customer Service“ department to tiny smoking pieces. What I am saying is: Forget the Automated Phone Answering System. Get a tank.Perhaps you are thinking: “But a tank costs several million dollars, not including floor mats. I dont have that kind of money.“Dont be silly. Youre a c
18、onsumer, right? You have credit cards, right?Perhaps you are thinking: “Yes, but how am I going to pay the credit-card company?“Dont be silly. You have a tank, right?21 From the first paragraph we may infer that _.（A）the people who answer the phone are really very busy（B） some people dont know how t
19、o turn off electricity（C） some people dont know how to operate an electric appliance（D）some people are ignorant of their ridiculous behavior22 According to the passage, the people in “Customer Service“ are very _.（A）ignorant（B） polite（C） arbitrary（D）foolish23 If Mr. Huntington Sweet wants to inquire
20、 about something from “Customer Service“, he should press _.（A）251（B） 252（C） either（D）both24 How did the customer settle the dispute with Russian electric company?（A）By peaceful negotiation.（B） By using a tank.（C） By resorting to forces.（D）By appealing to the Russian Army.25 The tone of this passage
21、 may be considered as _.（A）humorous（B） serious（C） fantastic（D）ridiculous26 When I was 13 my mother died. Through my own sorrow I was aware of the great loss this was to Pop. But he made only one reference to his own misery. He said, “To be happy every day is to be not happy at all.“ He was saying to
22、 his sons that happiness is not a state you achieve and keep, but something that must be won over and over, no matter what the defeats and losses.Later that year I got a job as an entertainer in small clubs, and suddenly I knew this was the career I had been searching for. The world of the theater w
23、as far removed from the world of my father, yet I found myself returning to him time and again, for the same reason his friends did.When I was 20 I got what every actor dreams ofa permanent job! At that time, at the depth of the depression, actors were out of work by the hundreds, yet I wanted to qu
24、it that job because I needed new experiences and challenges.Pop heard me out, then said, “There are some people who always have to test themselves, to stretch their wings and try new winds. If you think you can find more happiness and usefulness this way, then you should do it.“ This advice came fro
25、m a man who never left a secure job in his life, who had the European tradition of family responsibility, but who knew I was different. He understood what I needed to do and he helped me do it.For the next few years I worked in clubs, and then I got my big break, appearing in a major movie. After th
26、at I went to Hollywood, and from then on Pop lived with me and my family there. We had a big party one evening. That night I thought Pop might enjoy hearing some of the old folk songs we used to sing at home. When I began to sing, the music and the memories were too much for him to resist, and he ca
27、me over to join me. I faded away, and he was in the middle of the room singing alonein a clear, true voice. He sang for 15 minutes before some of the worlds highest-paid stars. This simple, kindly old man singing of our European roots had touched something deep in these sophisticated people. When he
28、 finished there was overwhelming applause.I knew the applause that night was not just for a performance; it was for a man.26 By saying “to be happy every day is to be not happy at all“, Pop means _.（A）one should not be happy every day（B） it is impossible for one to be happy every day（C） people shoul
29、d not pursue happy life alone（D）people should have a realistic attitude toward life27 Judging from the context, the authors career is most probably _.（A）an entertainer（B） an actor（C） a singer（D）a writer28 How did Pop react to the authors quitting his job?（A）Comfort him.（B） Help him.（C） Encourage him
30、.（D）Let him alone.29 The big party one evening was arranged for _.（A）the author to sing（B） the authors big break in a major movie（C） Pops singing performance（D）some Hollywood film stars30 The purpose of the author in writing the text is to _.（A）narrate his career（B） illustrate his personal success（C
31、） praise his beloved father（D）describe the character of Pop31 To understand the roughly 100,000 genes in the human genome, researchers say they must investigate an even more complicated set of molecules-proteins. Genes are the blueprints for making proteins, and the “sequence“ of a geneits structura
32、l patterndetermines the kind of protein it makes. Some proteins become building blocks for structural parts of the cell. Other proteins become molecular “machines“ enzymes, hormones, antibodies that carry out the myriad activities necessary to keep the cell and the body working properly.With an unde
33、rstanding of human proteins (or the proteome), scientists will be able to fight disease on many fronts. For example, scientists at the Center for Proteome Analysis in Odense, Denmark, have isolated a protein, galectin, that may fight diabetes. Diabetes seems to be caused when insulin-producing cells
34、 in the pancreas are inadvertently killed by the bodys immune system.The Danish scientists spent years analyzing the proteins present in diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant cells, and they tentatively concluded that galectin protects diabetes-prone cells from being attacked by the immune system. P
35、reliminary animal tests, in which the galectin gene has been inserted into diabetes-prone cells, seem to confirm the hypothesis.Effective cancer drugs may also arise from a deeper understanding of genes and proteins, says Ken Carter, president of Therapeutic Genomics, one of the many biotech compani
36、es working to devise new drugs based on genetic knowledge. Soon, scientists will be able to quickly and accurately compare cancer tissue with normal tissue to see which genes are “switched on“ and making proteins and which genes are not, he says.“If you found a gene that was highly expressed in pros
37、tate cancer cells but not other tissues, you could deduce that gene was involved in prostate cancer,“ according to Carter. “We would try to develop in the lab a way to block the expression of that gene.“ One possibility would be a “small molecule“ drug that would attach to and inactivate that genes
38、protein.Finally, drugs themselves will likely become safer and more effective because they will be tailored to an individuals genetic ability to process medicines, predicts Robert Waterston, director of the Human Genome Project sequencing center at Washington University in St. Louis.In the future, a
39、 blood test could show how much of a particular drug-processing enzyme a person has, Waterston explains. The doctor would then adjust the dose accordingly or prescribe a drug custom designed for that persons genetic makeup. This new field, called pharmacogenomics, should eliminate many of the drug s
40、ide effects that result from our current, cruder methods of determining dosage.31 According to the text, the function of genes is _.（A）to plan for making proteins（B） to determine the kind of protein it makes（C） like that of building blocks（D）to carry out the myriad activities32 The research of scien
41、tists at the Center for Proteome Analysis in Odense, Denmark is helpful to _.（A）isolate a protein, galectin（B） cure diabetes（C） the bodys immune system（D）protect diabetes-prone cells33 According to Ken Carter, effective cancer drugs may also arise by means of _.（A）a deeper understanding of genes and
42、 proteins（B） devising new drugs based on genetic knowledge（C） comparing cancer tissue with normal tissue（D）switching on some genes34 What would Ken Carter and his colleagues do?（A）Finding a gene that was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells.（B） Deducing the gene which is involved in prostate ca
43、ncer.（C） Finding a way to stop the expression of carcinogenic genes.（D）Developing a “small molecule“ drug.35 Judging from its formation, the word “pharmacogenomics“ probably refers to _.（A）the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, etc.（B） the properties and reaction
44、s of drugs especially with relation to their therapeutic value（C） a branch of pharmacology dealing with the reactions between drugs and living systems（D）a branch of science of drugs especially dealing with carcinogenic genes36 A simple pair of pants may contain a multitude of meanings. In the 1850s,
45、 jeans were the unemotional, durable dress of those that came to California to labor in the gold fields. Seams were strengthened with metal pins to make them hold, a technology borrowed from the construction of horse blankets. Cloth for beasts of burden was translated to the needs of men of burden.
46、These were the clothes of hard-laboring people, and these pants held little promise for the men who wore them, save the promise that they would be ready for the next days labors.During the same decade, in the court of one European queen, “the gown worn by a fashionable lady in attendance contained 1
47、,100 yards of material not including lace and other ornaments.“ American women of wealth were also wrapped in an abundance of cloth. While makers of jeans worried over how many men could be fitted into a given amount of cloth, for women of wealth the concern was with how many yards of cloth could be
48、 attractively arranged upon a given individual. This was the mark of prosperity: to wear enough material on ones back to clothe many of more modest means.The fashionable rich could not imagine themselves wearing the vulgar canvas pants of workers and “peasants“. Neither could working-class people re
49、asonably imagine themselves in the costumes of wealth and power. Tile only fashion link between themsubtle at bestwas the stern top hat of wealthy capitalists, a coal-black cylinder symbolizing the factory chimney pipes that brought profit to one, hardship to the other. Blue jeans only signified labor and sweat.Years later, the clothing of nineteenth-century laborers would assume new and different meanings.
