1、考研英语模拟试卷 319（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that communication between them and their parents is【1 】an
2、d further that one of the prime causes of this gap is【2】listening behavior. As a(an)【3】in point, one parent believed that her daughter had a severe【4】problem. She was so 【5】that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested. The audiologist carefully tested both ears and reported back to the
3、 parent:“Theres nothing wrong with her hearing. Shes just【6】you out. “ A leading cause of the【 7】divorce rate (more than half of all marriages end in divorce) is the failure of husbands and wives to【8】effectively. They dont listen to each other. Neither person【 9】to the actual message sent by the ot
4、her. In【 10】fashion, political scientists report that a growing number of people believe that their elected and【11】 officials are out of【12】with the constituents they are supposedly【13】Why? Because they dont believe that they listen to them. In fact, it seems that sometimes our politicians dont even
5、 listen to themselves. The following is a true story: At a national【14】conference held in Albuquerque some years ago, then Senator Joseph Montoya was【15】a copy of a press release by a press aide shortly before he got up before the audience to【16】a speech. When he rose to speak,【17】the horror of the
6、press aide and the【18】of his audience, Montoya began reading the press release, not his speech. He began, “For immediate release. Senator Joseph M. Montoya, Democrat of New Mexico, last night told the National. “ Montoya read the entire six page release,【19】with the statement that he “was repeatedly
7、【20】by applause. “ （A）scarce（B） little（C） rare（D）poor（A）malignant（B） deficient（C） ineffective（D）feeble（A）case（B） example（C） lesson（D）suggestion（A）audio（B） aural（C） hearing（D）listening（A）believing（B） convinced（C） assured（D）doubtless（A）turning（B） tuning（C） tucking（D）tugging（A）rising（B） arising（C） rais
8、ing（D）arousing（A）exchange（B） interchange（C） encounter（D）interact（A）relates（B） refers（C） responds（D）resorts（A）like（B） alike（C） likely（D）likewise（A）nominated（B） selected（C） appointed（D）supported（A）connection（B） reach（C） association（D）touch（A）leading（B） representing（C） delegating（D）supporting（A）legisla
9、tive（B） legitimate（C） legalized（D）liberal（A）distributed（B） awarded（C） handed（D）submitted（A）present（B） publish（C） deliver（D）pursue（A）to（B） with（C） for（D）on（A）joy（B） enjoyment（C） amusement（D）delight（A）conclude（B） to conclude（C） concluding（D）concluded（A）disrupted（B） interfered（C） interrupted（D）stoppedP
10、art ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 When is an endangered species not an endangered species? When it lives in the sea, apparently. Despite continuing carnage in the ocean, marine creatures were refused any prote
11、ction at the United Nations conference on trade in wildlife that ended yesterday in Doha, Qatar. Tigers, rhinos and elephants are all better protected after the meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (Cites). But hammerhead sharks, bluefin tuna and other marine specie
12、s should be quaking in their skins. For when it comes to fish, the world has decided that scientific evidence of imminent demise is not reason enough to defend them against overexploitation. The conflict between trade and conservation is nothing new, but it is pretty well established that if you let
13、 trade in wildlife run rampant (蔓延的), soon there will be nothing left to sell. That is why the UN set up Cites in the first place. So why did fish get such a raw deal? Is it that we care less about life that is so very different from us? Do the emotionless eyes of fish leave our hearts cold? Is it a
14、n extension of the convenient myth that fish feel no pain? The truth is far more shocking. All fingers of blame point directly at Japan. The high value of bluefin tuna-a single specimen can reach $112 000-led it to orchestrate a full-scale campaign against proposals to ban trade in the species. Dipl
15、omatic missions were sent to developing nations to bully them into agreeing with Japans conviction that fish cannot be endangered. That way of thinking is grounded in ignorance. The oceans long seemed infinite in their capacity to produce such riches, and any sign that this was not so was hidden by
16、our inability to peer into the depths. Science has now stripped back the veil and revealed the extent of the depletion. It is this science that Japan and its allies have chosen to not to see. Unfortunately for life in the sea, Japans campaign made waves far beyond the bluefin. Sharks are in dire tro
17、uble thanks to some peoples appetite for using their fins in soup. About 73 million sharks are killed each year as a result, and sharks dont reproduce fast. But far from favoring a ban, nations voted against even the most basic monitoring of the trade. Red and pink corals have now all but vanished f
18、rom the Mediterranean and are being stripped from the Pacific, but proposals to control that trade were also swept away. Fish dont recognise borders and boundaries. Yet one nation, Japan, by its cynical use of political power is robbing the world of a shared resource.21 The word “carnage“ (Line 2, P
19、aragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “ _ “.（A）slaughter（B） protection（C） attention（D）neglect 22 The conflict between trade and conservation is_.（A）the establishment of Cites（B） the urgency of protecting marine creatures（C） the divergence on the trade of fish（D）the value of fish 23 Why are fish refus
20、ed any protection from the United Nations conference?（A）We care less about marine life.（B） The emotionless eyes of fish leave our hearts cold.（C） People think that fish feel no pain.（D）People especially Japanese convict that fish wont be endangered. 24 Sharks are endangered mainly because _.（A）Japan
21、ese believe that fish cannot be endangered（B） we dont have effective measures to protect them（C） Chinese have a desire for their fins in the cooking（D）sharks dont reproduce fast 25 The authors attitude towards the fate of marine creatures is_.（A）optimistic（B） critical（C） worried（D）nonchalant 25 Its
22、seven weeks into the new year. Do you know where your resolution is? If youre like millions of Americans, you probably vowed to lose weight, quit smoking and drink less in the new year. You kicked off January with a commitment to long-term well-being-until you came face-to-face with a cheeseburger.
23、You spent a bundle on a shiny new gym pass. Turns out, it wasnt reason enough for you to actually use the gym. People can make poor decisions when it comes to health-despite their best intentions. Its not easy abiding by wholesome choices (giving up French fries) when the consequences of not doing s
24、o (heart disease) seem so far in the future. Most people are bad at judging their health risks: smokers generally know cigarettes cause cancer, but they also tend to believe theyre less likely than other smokers to get it. And as any snack-loving dieter can attest, people can be comically inept at p
25、redicting their future .behavior. You swear you will eat just one potato chip but dont stop until the bag is empty. So, what does it take to motivate people to stick to the path set by their conscious brain? How can good choices be made to seem more appealing than bad ones? The problem stumps doctor
26、s, public-health officials and weight-loss experts, but one solution may spring from an unlikely source. Meet your new personal trainer: your boss. American businesses have a particular interest in personal health, since worker illness costs them billions each year in insurance claims, sick days and
27、 high staff turnover. A 2008 survey of major US employers found that 64% consider their employees poor health decisions a serious barrier to affordable insurance coverage. Now some companies are tackling the motivation problem head on, using tactics drawn from behavioral psychology to nudge their em
28、ployees to get healthy. “Its a bit paradoxical that employers need to provide incentives for people to improve their own health,“ says Michael Follick, a behavioral psychologist at Brown University and president of the consultancy Abacus Employer Health Solutions. Paradoxical, maybe, but effective.
29、Consider Amica Mutual Insurance, based in Rhode Island. Arnica seemed to be doing everything right: it boasts an on-site fitness center at its headquarters. It pays toward Weight Watchers and smoking-cessation help, gives gift cards to reward proper prenatal care and offers free flu shots each year.
30、 Still, in the mid-2000s, about 7% of the companys insured population, including roughly 3 100 employees and their dependents, had diabetes. “We manage risk. Thats our core business,“ says Scott Boyd, Amicas director of compensation and benefits. But diabetes-related claims from Arnica employees had
31、 doubled in four years. “We thought, OK,“ Boyd says now, “we have to manage these high-risk groups a little better. “ 26 In the first paragraph, we can infer that the Americans _.（A）vow to diet in the new year（B） fear to lose weight（C） have poor decision in keeping healthy diet（D）succeed in losing w
32、eight 27 Why can people make poor decision when it comes to health?（A）Because they have no intention of being healthy.（B） Because they are bad at judging their health risks.（C） Because it is not easy abiding by impractical commitments.（D）Because they can not resist the temptation of delicious food.
33、28 Who play an important role in motivating people to stick to health?（A）Doctors.（B） Public-health officials.（C） Weight-loss experts.（D）Bosses. 29 Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?（A）If you want to keep healthy, you have to meet your personal trainer.（B） The diabetes-related clai
34、ms from Arnica employees have been increased.（C） The American business doesnt do anything concerned with personal health.（D）Abiding by healthy choices is facile. 30 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）Making Good Health Easy（B） Cost of Losing Weight（C） Difficulties in Diet
35、ing（D）Advantages of Healthy Diet 30 Its not only humans that flourish in large settlements. Some ants find urban life so accommodating that their populations explode and they form supercolonies in cities. “One of the most common house ant species might have been built for living in some of the small
36、est spaces in a forest, but the ants have found ways to take advantage of the comforts of city living,“ Purdue University said in a statement. Grzegorz Buczkowski, a Purdue University research assistant professor of entomology, discovered odorous house ants live in supercolonies, creating complex ne
37、tworks entomologists have never seen with the species before now. He found that odorous house ant colonies become larger and more complex as they move from forest to city and act somewhat like an invasive species, the university said. “The ants live about 50 to a colony with one queen in forest sett
38、ings but explode into supercolonies with more than 6 million workers and 50 000 queens in urban areas,“ the university explained. “This is a native species thats doing this,“ said Buczkowski, whose results are published in the early online version of the journal Biological Invasions. “Native ants ar
39、e not supposed to become invasive. We dont know of any other native ants that are outcompeting other species of native ants like these,“ Buczkowski said. Odorous house ants live in hollow acorn shells in the forest. Theyre called odorous because they have a coconut (椰子 )-or rum-like smell when crush
40、ed. Theyre considered one of the most common house ants, Purdue said. In semi-natural areas that are a cross of forest and urban areas, such as a park, Buczkowski said he observed colonies of about 500 workers with a single queen. “Its possible that as the ants get closer to urban areas they have ea
41、sier access to food, shelter and other resources,“ he said. “In the forest, they have to compete for food and nesting sites,“ Buczkowski said. “In the cities, they dont have that competition. People give them a place to nest, food to eat. “ Buczkowski observed the ants in three different settings on
42、 and around the Purdue campus. He said it might be expected that if the odorous house ants were able to multiply into complex colonies, other ants would do the same. But Buczkowski found no evidence that other ants had adapted to new environments and evolved into larger groups as the odorous house a
43、nts have, Purdie said. “Its possible that odorous house ants are better adapted to city environments than other ant species or that they had somehow outcompeted or dominated other species,“ he said. “This raises a lot of questions wed like to answer. “ Buczkowski said understanding why the supercolo
44、nies form could lead to better control of the pests in homes, as well as ensuring that they dont outcompete beneficial species. Future studies on odorous house ants will include studying the ants genetics and trying to understand the effects of urbanization of odorous house ants, Purdue said.31 The
45、word “accommodating“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “ _“.（A）helpful（B） easy-going（C） spacious（D）easy to adapt to (a new place) 32 According to the third paragraph, native ants are _.（A）liable to become aggressive（B） not prone to be offensive（C） able to outcompete other ants（D）easily
46、attacked by other ants 33 The semi-natural areas dont include_.（A）grass lands on campus（B） forests（C） parks（D）greenbelts 34 The purpose of understanding the supercolonies forming is to _.（A）control the pests and protect beneficial species（B） understand the effects of urbanization of ants（C） help stu
47、dy the ants genetics（D）better totally dominate other species 35 The odorous house ants move to urban areas because they _.（A）want to outcompete and dominate other species in cities（B） could have easier access to resources they need（C） have the ability to have a new place to nest（D）like to compete fo
48、r food and nesting sites 35 Computer brain games may not offer the big mental boost many were hoping for, suggests new research, but brain scientists and brain-game experts dont all agree on the findings. The study, out this week in Nature, is the largest of its kind, say scientists from Englands Me
49、dical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and the Alzheimers Society, UK. They said in a Tuesday press briefing that brain-training games, used by millions, may not increase general brain power on other tasks or increase IQ “Participants did get better at games they practiced. The more they trained, the better they got. But there was still no translation to any general improvement in cognitive function,“ said lead author Adrian Owen, assistant director of Medical Research
