1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 81（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Kelly Sortino had a tough time recalling what she d accomplished at the end of each busy workday. Her job as head of the upper school
2、 for the Crystal Springs Uplands School in Hillsborough, Calif, often【C1 】_working 12-hour days, including weekends and evenings. She enjoyed the【C2】_but worried that she wasn t accomplishing everything she needed to. “I felt as if I wasn t really having the time to do more of the strategic and【C3】_
3、work to make those larger changes at the school.“ says Ms. Sortino.She decided to【C4】_a workshop at Stanford University on how to simplify work processes and reduce waste. She learned,【C5】_, to block out her time more efficiently and minimize distractions. She also【C6】_herself to systematically comp
4、leting her daily task list and to completely clearing her email inbox and workspace on a regular【C7】_. The changes【C8】_a marked improvement in her time management. Ms. Sortino【C9】_works on weekends, but only as needed.It s a tough time to be productive. Globalization, increased competition and the j
5、arring immediacy of technology have made it difficult for modern employees to【C10 】_. on top of their growing workloads while maintaining a good work-life balance.【C11 】_, experts say small adjustments to how employees【C12】_work can have a big impact on their workplace efficiency.Learn to prioritize
6、 and to commit yourself to working in【C13】_blocks of time throughout the day. A 2009 Stanford University study found that multitasking is less productive than single-tasking and that many self-proclaimed multitaskers have difficulty【C14】_out irrelevant information, further【C15】_their performance.It
7、s especially important to【C16】_what motivates the decisions your boss makes. Most subordinates have an employee-centric view【C17】_their managers, which tends not to be accurate. A better understanding of your boss can help you to “sell“ the advice about【C18】_changes that can benefit the department a
8、nd company.【C19】_with your boss to prioritize important work and eliminate unproductive tasks. Employees may think changing job functions is risky,【C20 】_being proactive can impress your boss.1 【C1 】（A）required（B） forced（C） compelled（D）requested2 【C2 】（A）title（B） overtime（C） recall（D）work3 【C3 】（A）c
9、omplicated（B） visioning（C） important（D）regular4 【C4 】（A）participate（B） have（C） start（D）take5 【C5 】（A）by the way（B） in fact（C） for example（D）in particular6 【C6 】（A）contribute（B） commit（C） ask（D）allow7 【C7 】（A）scale（B） amount（C） basis（D）time8 【C8 】（A）made（B） followed（C） meant（D）produced9 【C9 】（A）still
10、（B） also（C） seldom（D）sometimes10 【C10 】（A）relax（B） compete（C） stay（D）work11 【C11 】（A）Besides（B） Therefore（C） Fortunately（D）Otherwise12 【C12 】（A）stick to（B） think about（C） start with（D）take over13 【C13 】（A）uninterrupted（B） individual（C） countable（D）separated14 【C14 】（A）figuring（B） finding（C） picking（
11、D）filtering15 【C15 】（A）increase（B） diminish（C） accumulate（D）destroy16 【C16 】（A）guess（B） understand（C） collect（D）imagine17 【C17 】（A）in（B） on（C） for（D）of18 【C18 】（A）process（B） time（C） staff（D）system19 【C19 】（A）Accompany（B） Operate（C） Follow（D）Work20 【C20 】（A）but（B） and（C） so（D）unlessPart ADirections:
12、Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Rarely have the Christmas results for Britain s supermarkets been awaited with such anxiety. Most of them, especially the market leader, Tesco, struggled in 2014. The hard-discount stores, Ald
13、i and Lidl, continued to undercut them, gobbling up market share, while falling food prices ate into their profits.Asdas boss, Andrew Clarke, has warned of more challenging times ahead. Yet the lesson from these results is clear. Grocers with a clearly defined position in the market will continue to
14、 prosper, but for those without one there is more pain to come. Thus Waitrose, for instance, has remained resolutely and distinctly posh. It has refused to chase the upstart discounters by reducing prices, as mid-market rivals have done.Natalie Berg of Planet Retail, a research organization argues t
15、hat the key to survival in a ferociously competitive groceries market is to offer the customer a brand that is “clear, targeted and consistent.“ Waitrose, at the top end of the market, does this well, as do Lidl and Aldi at the bottom. The rest are stranded in the middle, trying to be all things to
16、all people. This week, for instance, As da, Sainsburys and Tesco announced further price cuts. That might fend off the discounters for a bit. It will also muddy perceptions of who their target customers really are.But it is not all gloom for the supermarkets. A more clement economic environment shou
17、ld help all of them. Tumbling fuel prices anda novelty, thisrising real wages will put more money in shoppers pockets. The results also demonstrate that supermarkets are rewarded for a strong internet presence. Again, Waitrose has done well here: grocery sales through its online service grew by 26%
18、over the Christmas period compared with a year ago. Most of the supermarkets are trying out new digital gizmos to make shopping easier. Waitrose is experimenting with a home-scanning device called Hiku. This will allow people to scan barcodes on Waitrose products at home to add them to their online
19、shopping basket.There are grounds for optimism even at Tesco, argues Bryan Roberts, an analyst at Kantar Retail. For a couple of years its stores in London have done better than those in the rest of the country. Store managers in the capital have enjoyed more autonomy to fill their shelves with prod
20、ucts suited to the people who live or work in the local area. Devolution seems simple, but effective.21 Which of the following is NOT Aldi and Lidi have done to most of Britains supermarkets?（A）Undercut them.（B） Ate into their profits.（C） Gobbled up their market share.（D）Made their food costs increa
21、se.22 The clear lessen in Paragraph 2 means grocers should_.（A）chase the upstart discounters（B） have target market（C） reduce prices（D）have middle-market rivals23 We can learn from Paragraph 3 that_.（A）Asda is at the top end of the market（B） Lidi and Aldi are in the middle of the market（C） Waitrose w
22、ill muddy its target customers（D）Tesco is stranded in the middle of the market24 The word “gizmos“(Para. 4)probably means_.（A）technologies（B） means（C） devices（D）products 25 It can be concluded from the last paragraph that_.（A）devolution is an effective way to increase sales（B） there is no reason for
23、 Tesco to be pessimistic（C） Tesco should merge its stores in the rest of the country（D）Tesco s stores in London miss local trends25 For the past few months, artificial intelligence(AI)has been a much talked about topic in the worlds of both pop culture and science. Last November saw the release of O
24、scar-nominated and winning biopic, “The Imitation Game“, about the father of the modern computer, Alan Turing. Last month, another Hollywood film about clever robots, Chappie, hit theaters.Is artificial intelligence a boon or does it spell doom for humans? In their book, authors Erik Brynjolfsson an
25、d Andrew McAfee, both of whom hail from MIT, US, could barely hide their excitement toward the rise of machines.According to the authors, we are entering an age of accelerated development of artificial and robotic technology. “Digital machines have escaped their narrow confines and started to demons
26、trate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other domains that used to be exclusively human,“ write the authors. “Weve recently seen great progress in natural language processing, machine learning, computer vision, simultaneous localization and mapping, and many other ar
27、eas.“Were going to see artificial intelligence do more and more, and as this happens costs will go down, outcomes will improve, and our lives will get better.“ Already AI can help blind people see and deaf people hear. And wheelchairs have been invented that can be controlled by thoughts. We are goi
28、ng to witness more innovations and wonders made possible by AI, according to the authors.However, not all are equally enthusiastic about AI. A February report from the Global Challenges Foundation listed AI, alongside extreme climate change, nuclear war and ecological catastrophe, as “risks that thr
29、eaten human civilization“. Many preeminent scientists share the same concern. Stephen Hawking told the BBC last December that “the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.“ “It would take off on its own, and redesign itself at an ever increasing rate,“ he sa
30、id: “Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldnt compete, and would be replaced.“Hawkings worry echoed that of Tesla and SpaceX boss Elon Musk, who said in last October at an MIT conference that “we should be very careful about artificial intelligence. If I had to guess at what our
31、 biggest existential threat is, it s probably that“. 26 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that “The Imitation Game“_.（A）is a science fiction movie（B） is not a Hollywood film（C） won Oscar-nomination（D）is about clever robots27 Which is NOT the ability of digital machines, according to Erik Brynjolfss
32、on and Andrew McAfee?（A）Natural language processing.（B） Intelligence production.（C） Fingerprint recognition.（D）Simultaneous localization.28 It cannot be inferred that artificial intelligence will_.（A）complete more chores（B） help cut down costs（C） help deaf people hear（D）control people s thought29 Ac
33、cording to Stephen Hawking,_.（A）AI is one of the risks that threaten human civilization（B） the development of AI cannot threaten human race（C） AI might be substituted for humans in the future（D）AI would redesign itself at a slow rate30 A suitable title for this text would be_.（A）Bleak Future of AI（B
34、） Digital Future: Uncertain（C） Bright Future of Digital Machines（D）Doom for Humans in the Future30 In his “Odyssey“, Homer immortalized the idea of resisting temptation by having the protagonist tied to the mast of his ship, to hear yet not succumb to the beautiful, dangerous songs of the Sirens. Re
35、searchers have long been intrigued as to whether this ability to avoid, or defer, gratification is related to outcomes in life. The best-known test is the “marshmallow“ experiment, in which children who could refrain from eating the confection for 15 minutes were given a second one. Children who cou
36、ld not wait tended to have lower incomes and poorer health as adults. New research suggests that kids who are unable to delay rewards are also more likely to become criminals later.Recently, four researchers used data from a Swedish survey in which more than 13,000 children aged 13 were asked whethe
37、r they would prefer to receive $140 now or $1,400 in five years time. About four-fifths of them said they were prepared to wait.Unlike previous researchers, the authors were able to track all the children and account for their parental background and cognitive ability. They found that the 13-year-ol
38、ds who wanted the smaller sum of money at once were 32% more likely to be convicted of a crime during the next 18 years than those children who said they would rather wait for the bigger reward. Individuals who are impatient, they believe, prefer instant benefits and are therefore less likely to be
39、deterred by potential punishments.But those who fret that a person s criminal path is set already as a teenager should not despair. The four researchers offer a remedy. When the respondents education was included in the analysis, they found that higher educational attainment was linked to a preferen
40、ce for delayed gratification.Educational attainment and patience are related either because patience helps students to do better or because schooling makes people more likely to postpone rewards. Fortunately, there is evidence in support of the latter theory. Francisco Perez-Arce of the RAND Corpora
41、tion, a think-tank, interviewed around 2,000 applicants for Mexican universities. The students had similar credentials but some obtained admission through a lottery to a university that did not charge tuition fees, whereas the rest had to apply elsewhere. As a result, a higher proportion of lottery-
42、winners than losers went to college. After a year, Mr. Perez-Arce found, the lottery-winners were more patient than the losers. Since the process was random, he concluded that higher education can make people place more weight on the future.31 The “marshmallow“ experiment is a test about_.（A）accepti
43、ng temptation（B） avoiding outcomes（C） deferring gratification（D）eating the confection32 All of the following make the new research differ from the previous ones EXCEPT_.（A）the researchers tracked all the subjects（B） the researchers surveyed a much wider range of children（C） the researchers explained
44、 the children s parental background（D）the researchers considered the parents cognitive ability33 It is believed that individuals who are impatient_.（A）tend to get benefits at once（B） are able to delay rewards（C） would rather wait for the bigger reward（D）are probably deterred by potential punishments
45、34 People who fret that a persons criminal path is set already can take the remedial action of_.（A）keeping healthy（B） attaining higher incomes（C） receiving higher education（D）avoiding punishments35 It is concluded that educational attainment and patience are related because_.（A）patience helps studen
46、ts to do better（B） gratification is delayed by receiving higher education（C） schooling makes people less likely to postpone rewards（D）higher education can make people value the future more35 Ever since Muzak started serenading patrons of hotels and restaurants in the 1930s, piped-in music has been p
47、art of the consumer experience. Without the throb of a synthesiser or a guitar s twang, shoppers would sense something missing as they tried on jeans or filled up trolleys. Specialists like Mood Media, which bought Muzak in 2011, devise audio programmes to influence the feel of shops and cater to cu
48、stomers tastes. The idea is to entertain, and thereby prolong the time shop pers spend in stores, says Claude Nahon, the firms international chief. Music by famous artists works better than the generic stuff that people associate with Muzak. The embarrassing brand name was dropped in 2013.Online sho
49、pping is an under-explored area of merchandising musicology. A new study commissioned by eBay, a shopping website, aims to correct that. Some 1,900 participants were asked to simulate online shopping while listening to different sounds. Some results were unsurprising. The noise of roadworks and crying babies soured shoppers views of the products on offer. Chirruping birds encouraged sales of
