1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 19 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Uncertainty of Child Behavior PerformanceHypothetically, lets say you ran a fancy private elementary school. Like other private schools in the region
2、, youre competing to put out the brightest kids. And one of the ways you engineer this is through your admissions processyou try to select the kids who will get the most out of what your school has to offer. Kids who can handle the intellectual challenge, and who dont disrupt the class.So, if youre
3、like other private schools, you bring the five-year-old applicants in for some intellectual assessment, and you also set up some games and playrooms for them so that you can watch them for an hour or twoto monitor their behavior. Youre looking for kids who get upset, withdraw, cant wait for their tu
4、rn, dominate other kids, cant sit still, dont pay attention to the instructions, et cetera.Then you admit the kids who looked best. This seems innocuous. Its common practice. However, according to an ongoing study in Germany, what you might have done will just reject some of the very best kids early
5、 behavior lies.This study, by Gisela Trommsdorff and Antje Von Suchodoletz, is following a group of kids who are making the transition from kindergarten to first grade. At the beginning of kindergarten, the scholars measured these kids reasoning ability with a test of their nonverbal intelligence. T
6、hey also measured their goal-oriented self-control with a variation of Mischels marshmallow task and a persistence test. The persistence test, for kids of this age, goes like this:kids are asked to draw a big circle. Then theyre told by a teacher its not quite circular enough, its not good enoughdo
7、they want to try again? The child tries again. Every time, the teacher responds its not circular enough. Of course, nobody can draw a perfect circle. What the test measures is how long a child can hang in there, continuing to try, when confronted with negative feedback. Some kids quit quickly, while
8、 others keep going through endless trials.The scholars also got teachers to fill out behaviour-rating questionnaires about the children. We would expect that kids with higher reasoning ability plus higher persistence and self control would have less behavior problems. However, the scholars saw a ver
9、y dramatic trend in the other direction: High reasoning ability + High Persistence/ SelfControl = More behavior problems, not less.What the scholars believe is that Nonverbal Intelligence disrupts the expected relationship between self-control and behavior.Theoretically, self-control and behavior sh
10、ould go hand in hand, and for low-IQ kids, thats absolutely true. But not for kids who are well above-average in reasoning ability. Why this is the case probably has something to do with the distinction ability. Why this is the case probably has something to do with the distinction between goal-orie
11、nted tasks and normal social interactions like playgroups where there is no actual goal to focus upon. Smart kidsbehavior in the latter context is probably not a good proxy for their ability to apply themselves in the former context.Im eager to see if Von Suchodoletzs finding is replicated by other
12、scholars. If so, it doesnt mean private schools should start admitting the wild onesthatd be absurd. What it suggests is that behavior is unreliable, even contradictory. Rather than being a window into their future, its a kaleidoscope .1 Which kind of the following kids will be admitted by private s
13、chools?（A）Kids who disturb the class.（B） Kids who can play for hours.（C） Kids who dont give up easily.（D）Kids who dominate other kids.2 Which of the following words has the similar meaning with “innocuous“ in Para. 3?（A）Strange.（B） Harmless.（C） Unique.（D）Ridiculous.3 The big circle drawing test is m
14、ade to_.（A）Discover the difference between kindergarten and first grade kids（B） measure the kindergarten kids reasoning ability（C） measure the kindergarten kids goal-oriented self-control（D）collect negative feedback from the kindergarten kids4 Which of the following is CORRECT according to the passa
15、ge?（A）Teachers know less about the children than scholars.（B） Higher persistence means less behavior problems.（C） Low-IQ kids have no self-control and more behavior problems.（D）The relationship between self-control and behavior is not fixed.5 As to the kids who are well above-average in reasoning ab
16、ility, _.（A）they have no actual goal to focus on（B） their behaviors may go against their self-control（C） their behaviors are windows reflecting their future（D）they behave well in normal social interactions5 Emerging Economic Powerful Country After Economic CrisisIt is becoming increasingly clear-tha
17、t the story of the global economy is a tale of two worlds. In one, there is only gloom and doom, and in the other there is light and hope. In the traditional centers of wealth and powerAmerica, Europe and Japanit is difficult to find much good news. But there is a new world out thereChina, India, In
18、donesia, , Brazilin which economic growth continues to power ahead.Compare the two worlds. On the one side is the West(plus Japan), with banks that are over-utilized and thus dysfunctional, governments groaning under debt, and consumers who are rebuilding their broken balance sheets. America is havi
19、ng trouble selling its lOUs at attractive prices (the last three Treasury auctions have gone badly); its largest state, California, is heading toward total fiscal collapse; and its budget deficit is going to surpass 13 percent of GDP a level last seen during World War II. With all these burdens, eve
20、n if there is a recovery, the United States might not return to fast-paced growth for a while. And its probably more dynamic than Europe or Japan.Meanwhile, emerging-market banks are largely healthy and profitable. (Every Indian bank, government-owned and private, posted profits in the last quarter
21、of 2008) The governments are in good fiscal shape. Chinas strengths are well known-$2 trillion in reserves, a budget deficit that is less than 3 percent of GDP-but consider Brazil, which is now posting a current account surplus. Or Indonesia, which has reduced its debt from 100 percent of GDP nine y
22、ears ago to 30 percent today. And unlike in the Westonly a year ago, their chief concern was an overheated economy and inflation. Brazil has cut its interest rate substantially, but only to 10.25 percent, which means it can drop it further if things deteriorate even more.The mood in many of these co
23、untries remains surprisingly optimistic. Their currencies are appreciating against the dollar because the markets see them as having better fiscal discipline as well as better long-term growth prospects than the United States. Their bonds are rising. This combination of indicators, all pointing in t
24、he same direction, is unprecedented.The United States remains the richest and most powerful country in the world. Its military spans the globe. But from the Spanish Empire of the 16th century to the British Empire in the 20th century, great global powers found that their fortunes begin to turn when
25、they get overburdened with debt and stuck in a path of slow growth. These are early warnings.6 What can we draw from the first paragraph?（A）Some Asian countries are continuing their fast economic growth.（B） Traditional powerful economic centers remain powerful.（C） Gloom and doom influenced all the c
26、ountries in the west.（D）The globe is divided into two worlds at present.7 What is one of the problems of the West today according to the passage?（A）Banks are not functioning properly.（B） People are suffering from too much debt.（C） Governments cannot function normally.（D）Economy is experiencing quick
27、 recovery.8 What is TRUE of the countries in the new world?（A）They have cut interest rate.（B） They have account surplus.（C） The economy is overheated.（D）Banks are earning money.9 What is happening in the new world countries according to the passage?（A）The growth of economy is slowing down.（B） Capita
28、l is poured into these countries.（C） People have great confidence in their economy.（D）The value of their currencies has increased.10 What message are the examples of the Spanish Empire and the British Empire intended to convey?（A）The U.S. might be overtaken by other countries one day.（B） The great e
29、mpires have lost their influences over others.（C） Great powers are doomed to lose their influence.（D）Over-debt is destined to cause slow growth for a nation.10 Auto Industry In MichiganIn the 20th Century, the road to the American Dream began in Michigan. Our state not only put the nation on wheels,
30、 but well-paying jobs in the auto industry helped create the broad middle-class prosperity that made our country the envy of the world.Today, both the American auto industry and the middle class are facing destructive challenges. And again the road to a stronger future for our country will begin in
31、Michigan where electric vehicles produced by a greener auto industry will reduce our dangerous addiction to foreign oil. Our dependence on imported oil threatens our economic prosperity, our national security and, in a very real sense, the future of our planet.With this tremendous threat comes an eq
32、ually great opportunity: to replace our gas powered fleet with a new generation of electric vehicles. These new vehicles wont just take us to and from work and around town. Since the batteries in these cars can also be used to store the carbon-free energy that can be utilized by home-based solar cel
33、ls and wind turbines, these vehicles could dramatically transform the way we light and heat our homes. In a real sense, your car battery could be your homes energy-storage center. It will take time to realize this revolution in energy technology. But the electric vehicles that will make it all possi
34、ble are just over the horizon.These advanced electric car batteries today are made by a small handful of companies in Asia. But America cannot trade dependence on foreign oil for dependence on foreign-made batteries. In Michigan, we are doing everything we can to become the home of this new electric
35、 auto industryand of the jobs this industry will create.As auto-industry leaders continue to make tough decisions in the face of an evolving global economy, we must diversify our nations industrial base. Clean-energy technologyparticular, the development and production of lithiumion batteriesholds e
36、nor- mous potential for job creation. None of us knows for sure just what the economy will look like when we emerge from this recession. What we do know is that the automobile market will have changed dramatically. Consumer demand for fuel efficient cars will accelerate, and federal policies will ma
37、ke electric vehicles inevitable. All of us should want those cars to be built in America.11 What does the author mean by saying “put the nation on wheels“ (Line 3, Para. 1)?（A）There were many wheel factories in Michigan.（B） Michigan was the center of auto industry in America.（C） Michigan played an i
38、mportant role in selling wheels.（D）Michigan made it possible for every America to drive a car.12 Why will Michigan lead to a stronger future of America?（A）Michigan will begin to produce electric cars to make America addicted to oil.（B） Michigan can produce electric cars to reduce the dependence on i
39、mported oil.（C） Michigan is the most important state in America which can produce cars.（D）Michigan can supply enough oil to the whole country to reduce the addiction.13 Which of the following statements is true according to Para. 3?（A）It is a good chance to realize the transformation of batteries.（B
40、） It is common for the Americans to light their homes using their car batteries.（C） Driving an electric car instead of gas-powered one is a threat to our economy.（D）We can drive an electric car to go to work in the very near future.14 Why does Michigan want to become the home of electric auto indust
41、ry?（A）Michigan wants to shake off the dependence on imported energy.（B） Michigan has always been the home of auto industry.（C） There is no country good at producing electric cars in the world.（D）The federal policies require Michigan to do so.15 What is the authors attitude towards the electric cars?
42、（A）The author gives a passive analysis.（B） The author believes they are harmful to the American economy.（C） The author wants them to be built it America.（D）The author hopes they disappear quickly.15 The Men and Women of the University Living a Ratio Margin in AmericanThe prospects for women who are
43、scientists and engineers at major research universities have improved, although women continue to face unfair treatment in salary and access to some other resources. A pane! of the National Research Council concludes in a new report. In recent years “men and women faculty in science, engineering and
44、 mathematics have enjoyed comparable opportunities“ , said the report. It found that women who applied for university jobs and,once they had them, for promotion and tenure were at least as likely to succeed as men.In another report, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at
45、 the University of Wisconsin who reviewed a variety of studies concluded that the achievement gap between boys and girls in mathematics performance had narrowed to the vanishing point. Although girls are still of a smaller number in the ranks of young math prodigies, they said, that gap is narrowing
46、. The researchers said this and other circumstances provide abundant evidence for the impact of social, cultural and other environmental factors on the development of mathematical skills of different genders.The research council, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, gathered its expert panel
47、at the request of Congress. The panel surveyed six disciplinesbiolociy chemistry, mathematics, civil and electrical engineering, and physicsand based its analysis on interviews with faculty members at 89 institutions and data from federal agencies, professional societies and other sources. The panel
48、 was led by Claude R. Canizares, a physicist who is vice president for research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Dr. Sally E. Shaywitz of the Yale School of Medicine, an expert on learning.The Wisconsin researchers, Janet S. Hyde and Janet E. Mertz, studied data from 10 states colle
49、cted in tests authorized by the No Child Left Behind Act as well as data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, a federal testing program. Differences between girls and boys performance in the 10 states were “close to zero in all grades“, they said, even in high schools where gaps had existed earlier. In the national assessment, they said, differences between girls and boys performance were “trivial“.16 Which of the following is true about female scientists and engineers in universities?（A
