[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷19及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 19 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Uncertainty of Child Behavior PerformanceHypothetically, lets say you ran a fancy private elementary school. Like other private schools in the region
2、, youre competing to put out the brightest kids. And one of the ways you engineer this is through your admissions processyou try to select the kids who will get the most out of what your school has to offer. Kids who can handle the intellectual challenge, and who dont disrupt the class.So, if youre
3、like other private schools, you bring the five-year-old applicants in for some intellectual assessment, and you also set up some games and playrooms for them so that you can watch them for an hour or twoto monitor their behavior. Youre looking for kids who get upset, withdraw, cant wait for their tu
4、rn, dominate other kids, cant sit still, dont pay attention to the instructions, et cetera.Then you admit the kids who looked best. This seems innocuous. Its common practice. However, according to an ongoing study in Germany, what you might have done will just reject some of the very best kids early
5、 behavior lies.This study, by Gisela Trommsdorff and Antje Von Suchodoletz, is following a group of kids who are making the transition from kindergarten to first grade. At the beginning of kindergarten, the scholars measured these kids reasoning ability with a test of their nonverbal intelligence. T
6、hey also measured their goal-oriented self-control with a variation of Mischels marshmallow task and a persistence test. The persistence test, for kids of this age, goes like this:kids are asked to draw a big circle. Then theyre told by a teacher its not quite circular enough, its not good enoughdo
7、they want to try again? The child tries again. Every time, the teacher responds its not circular enough. Of course, nobody can draw a perfect circle. What the test measures is how long a child can hang in there, continuing to try, when confronted with negative feedback. Some kids quit quickly, while
8、 others keep going through endless trials.The scholars also got teachers to fill out behaviour-rating questionnaires about the children. We would expect that kids with higher reasoning ability plus higher persistence and self control would have less behavior problems. However, the scholars saw a ver
9、y dramatic trend in the other direction: High reasoning ability + High Persistence/ SelfControl = More behavior problems, not less.What the scholars believe is that Nonverbal Intelligence disrupts the expected relationship between self-control and behavior.Theoretically, self-control and behavior sh
10、ould go hand in hand, and for low-IQ kids, thats absolutely true. But not for kids who are well above-average in reasoning ability. Why this is the case probably has something to do with the distinction ability. Why this is the case probably has something to do with the distinction between goal-orie
11、nted tasks and normal social interactions like playgroups where there is no actual goal to focus upon. Smart kidsbehavior in the latter context is probably not a good proxy for their ability to apply themselves in the former context.Im eager to see if Von Suchodoletzs finding is replicated by other
12、scholars. If so, it doesnt mean private schools should start admitting the wild onesthatd be absurd. What it suggests is that behavior is unreliable, even contradictory. Rather than being a window into their future, its a kaleidoscope .1 Which kind of the following kids will be admitted by private s
13、chools?(A)Kids who disturb the class.(B) Kids who can play for hours.(C) Kids who dont give up easily.(D)Kids who dominate other kids.2 Which of the following words has the similar meaning with “innocuous“ in Para. 3?(A)Strange.(B) Harmless.(C) Unique.(D)Ridiculous.3 The big circle drawing test is m
14、ade to_.(A)Discover the difference between kindergarten and first grade kids(B) measure the kindergarten kids reasoning ability(C) measure the kindergarten kids goal-oriented self-control(D)collect negative feedback from the kindergarten kids4 Which of the following is CORRECT according to the passa
15、ge?(A)Teachers know less about the children than scholars.(B) Higher persistence means less behavior problems.(C) Low-IQ kids have no self-control and more behavior problems.(D)The relationship between self-control and behavior is not fixed.5 As to the kids who are well above-average in reasoning ab
16、ility, _.(A)they have no actual goal to focus on(B) their behaviors may go against their self-control(C) their behaviors are windows reflecting their future(D)they behave well in normal social interactions5 Emerging Economic Powerful Country After Economic CrisisIt is becoming increasingly clear-tha
17、t the story of the global economy is a tale of two worlds. In one, there is only gloom and doom, and in the other there is light and hope. In the traditional centers of wealth and powerAmerica, Europe and Japanit is difficult to find much good news. But there is a new world out thereChina, India, In
18、donesia, , Brazilin which economic growth continues to power ahead.Compare the two worlds. On the one side is the West(plus Japan), with banks that are over-utilized and thus dysfunctional, governments groaning under debt, and consumers who are rebuilding their broken balance sheets. America is havi
19、ng trouble selling its lOUs at attractive prices (the last three Treasury auctions have gone badly); its largest state, California, is heading toward total fiscal collapse; and its budget deficit is going to surpass 13 percent of GDP a level last seen during World War II. With all these burdens, eve
20、n if there is a recovery, the United States might not return to fast-paced growth for a while. And its probably more dynamic than Europe or Japan.Meanwhile, emerging-market banks are largely healthy and profitable. (Every Indian bank, government-owned and private, posted profits in the last quarter
21、of 2008) The governments are in good fiscal shape. Chinas strengths are well known-$2 trillion in reserves, a budget deficit that is less than 3 percent of GDP-but consider Brazil, which is now posting a current account surplus. Or Indonesia, which has reduced its debt from 100 percent of GDP nine y
22、ears ago to 30 percent today. And unlike in the Westonly a year ago, their chief concern was an overheated economy and inflation. Brazil has cut its interest rate substantially, but only to 10.25 percent, which means it can drop it further if things deteriorate even more.The mood in many of these co
23、untries remains surprisingly optimistic. Their currencies are appreciating against the dollar because the markets see them as having better fiscal discipline as well as better long-term growth prospects than the United States. Their bonds are rising. This combination of indicators, all pointing in t
24、he same direction, is unprecedented.The United States remains the richest and most powerful country in the world. Its military spans the globe. But from the Spanish Empire of the 16th century to the British Empire in the 20th century, great global powers found that their fortunes begin to turn when
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