[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷203及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 203 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 When one of his employees phoned in sick last year, Scott McDonald, CEO of Monument Security in Sacramento, California, decided to investigate. He had a
2、lready informed his staff of 400 security guards and patrol drivers that he was installing Xora, a software program that tracks workers whereabouts through GPS technology on their company cell phones. A Web-based “geo-fence“ aroundwork territories would alert the boss if workers strayed or even drov
3、e too fast. It also enabled him to route workers more efficiently. So when McDonald logged on, the program told him exactly where his worker wasand it wasnt in bed with the sniffles. “How come youre eastbound on 80 heading to Reno right now if youre sick?“ asked the boss. There was a long silencethe
4、 sound of a job ending followed by, “You got me.“Learn that truth, and learn it well: what you do at work is the bosss business. Xora is just one of the new technologies from a host of companies that have sprung up in the past two years peddling products and servicessoftware, GPS, video and phone su
5、rveillance, even investigatorsthat let managers get to know you really well.“Virtually nothing you do at work on a computer cant be monitored,“ says Jeremy Gruber, legal director of the National Workrights Institute, which advocates workplace privacy. Nine out of 10 employers observe your electronic
6、 behavior, according to the Center for Business Ethics at Bentley College. A study by the American Management Association and the ePolicy Institute found 76% of employers watch you surf the Web and 36% track content, keystrokes and time spent at the keyboard.You cant really blame companies for watch
7、ing our Web habits, since 45% of us admit that surfing is our favorite time waster, according to a joint survey by S and AOL. A Northeast technology company found that several employees who frequently complained of overwork spent all day on MyS.Businesses argue that their snooping is justified. Not
8、only are they trying to guard trade secrets and intellectual property, but they also must ensure that workers comply with government regulations, such as keeping medical records and credit-card numbers private. And companies are liable for allowing a hostile work environmentsay, one filled with porn
9、-filled computer screensthat may lead to lawsuits. “People write very loosely with their e-mails, but they can unintentionally reach thousands, like posters throughout a work site,“ says Charles Spearman of diversity-management consultants Tucker Spearman theelites humbly confess their ignorance to
10、Congress or a grand jury, and the search for new patterns begins.Tellingly, scholars date the modern scientific study of wisdom to the work of the American psychologist Vivian Clayton in the malaise-ridden 1970s. Clayton devised the first empirical tests for wisdom, which she defined as the ability
11、to acquire knowledge and analyze it both logically and emotionallypicking up on the work begun by Socrates.So its no coincidence that several dozen researchers in fields ranging from neuroscience to art, music and law have just received wisdom-seeking grants under the auspices of the University of C
12、hicago. The $2.7 million program, funded by the Templeton Foundation, is called Defining Wisdom, a name that implies the researchers will know what they were looking for once they find it. Wisdom, according to Robert J. Sternberg of Tufts University, the author of several books on the topic, is stil
13、l an obscure field with minimal academic cachet.With so much at stake, the programs directors, psychologists John Cacioppo and Howard Nusbaum, dismissed the traditional approach to wisdom research; rather they cast their nets wide and deep into the pools of academy. The 38 proposals they approved in
14、clude ones aimed at finding wisdom in computer operations and in classical literature. Starting at the beginning, one scholar observes that “language is the medium by which wisdom-related knowledge is usually conveyed.“ That sounds self-evident, but another scientist proposes to “explore music as a
15、form of wisdom.“ “We are trying to think out of the box,“ says Nusbaum.Cacioppo and Nusbaum dismiss arguments about the inherent circularity of searching for wisdom at the same time as defining it. But they have some preconceptions about what they expect to find. They see “wisdom“ in part as a corre
16、ctive to the “rational choice“ pattern of decision making, the foundation of free-market economics. Rational choice holds that everyones happiness is best served when people maximize their short-term individual gains, even at the expense of the broad interests of society or the long-term future. Tha
17、t is precisely opposite the approach of, for example, ants, which are entirely indifferent to their individual fates and dont, as a rule, over-expand out of reckless greed.11 Which can be inferred from the first paragraph?(A)The quest for wisdom is an old-fashioned economic indicator.(B) When things
18、 proceed smoothly, people dont need to go searching for wisdom.(C) Billionaires listed on the Forbes are demonstrating the profits of free market.(D)In the long run, all the wealthiest individuals will confess their ignorance.12 Which of the following is true of Vivian Clayton?(A)Scholars considered
19、 her work as the start of modern scientific study of wisdom.(B) She was one of the greatest American psychologists born in the 1970s.(C) She designed empirical tests for wisdom without defining its concept.(D)She achieved more in the work of questing for wisdom than Socrates.13 Robert J.Sternberg of
20、 Tufts University suggests that(A)defining wisdom requires joint efforts of different fields.(B) research on wisdom still lacks academic achievements.(C) wisdom can only be explained with interdisciplinary supports.(D)researchers have to rely on grants for scientific study.14 The sentence “We are tr
21、ying to think out of the box“ (Lines 6-7, Paragraph 4) suggests that(A) they will try to find wisdom out of the box.(B) they will probe deep into the pools of academy.(C) they will break away from the conventions.(D)they will pursue their traditional approach.15 According to the text, “rational choi
22、ce“ holds that(A)decision making is not linked with wisdom in a sense.(B) happiness relies on short-term individual gains.(C) individual happiness harms the broad interests of society.(D)individual fates change with reckless greed.15 Apart from a new football stadium and some smart university buildi
23、ngs, most of Middlesbrough looks as though it came to a dead halt in the 1980s. It boomed on steel and chemicals after iron ore was discovered in 1850. Just over a century later, as Britains traditional industries failed, it seemed to have reached the end of the road. Now government leaders hope tha
24、t splendor and glamour can revive it.The most startling sign of this improbable ambition is an expensive art gallery. The 19.2 million Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art (MIMA) houses the local councils collection of modern British paintings and ceramics. It opens on January 28th with works on lo
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