[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷484及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 484 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 Many newcomers to the United States find themselves strange to the American ways. It usually takes some time for them to get to know the social customs that are so different from ours.1. Women of marked individualityIt is now becoming more and more common
2、for a female in the U.S. to ask a male for a date or a dance.2. The world of the youngMore striking than the changing relationships between men and women is the profound gulf that often separates the old from the young. I have found America to be a very youth-oriented society, in sharp contrast to t
3、he importance we attach to age.3. Attitude towards workWork in general is something that is highly valued in American society. Since hard work is believed to help people get ahead, Americans often work long hours and do not take afternoon naps as we do.4. IndividualismOverall, the most difficult obs
4、tacle will be in coping with American individualism and self-reliance. This is because Americans prefer to do things on their own. Even in group activities, there is always unstructured time left for individuals to do what they please.5. Friendly peopleIn spite of the culture shock I have experience
5、d, I have found Americans to be quite friendly, generous and helpful.AIn the big cities, especially, people tend to eat quickly and the offices and stores remain open during the lunch hour. While some rush out for a bite, others keep watch over the phones, hold meetings or attend to customers. If Am
6、ericans seem abrupt and impatient at times, it is often because of the pressure of work and the value they put on getting things done.BWe, for example, were on a group trip to other cities, yet those traveling together did not always eat together, nor did they spend all of their sightseeing hours as
7、 a group.CMy nephew was recently involved in a case of this kind. He was waiting upon an American young lady in a Chinese restaurant and was astonished when she remarked that he was an attractive man. When she paid her bill, she left a note for him: “If youre not married, Id like to see you again. H
8、eres my address and phone number!“ Later he did call and explained that he had little money and could not pick her up because he did not have a car. She didn t seem worried: she offered to come to pick him up in her car!DI believe that you too, despite some possible unexpected difficulties, will hav
9、e such positive experiences. With time and patience you will gradually come to understand a society different from ours.EFor example, we care for the old and infirm in the home, but old people here usually live in separate places either because they do not wish to be a burden to their children or be
10、cause they prefer to maintain their individual lifestyles. When they cannot take care of themselves, they are often placed in special nursing homes for the aged.FI was particularly grateful for the assistance I received when I did a work / study project last summer at Newsday, the major newspaper in
11、 the area. Since there was no direct transportation between my home and the newspaper office, a fellow worker drove me back and forth to work. On days when she was unable to do this, she saw to it that someone else provided transportation. All told, seven people were involved in driving me on differ
12、ent occasions.5 Its long been known, but little discussed in polite high-tech circles, that information-age technology is not the clean industry it claims to be. Manufacturing a single PC can generate 139 pounds of waste and involves a host of chemicals linked to high rates of cancer and birth defec
13、ts among workers and communities.1. Disposal crisis of e-wasteElectronic waste(e-waste)such as obsolete and discarded computers, monitors, printers, cell phones, and televisionsis one of the fastest growing waste streams in the developed world, thanks to the industrys philosophy of “design for immed
14、iate obsolescence“ and a weak electronics-recycling infrastructure.2. Public health problemsIf the full force of the high-tech revolution hits the landfill, its health risks will leave no community untouched.3. The european solutionThe European Union is way ahead of the U.S. in recognizing the hazar
15、ds and moving towards a solution.4. How will the U.S. proceed?Because the U.S. high-tech industry and its friends in Washington represent the biggest obstacles to the globalization of take-back laws, a broad coalition of environmental, health, labor, and recycling groups and local governments has fo
16、rmed the Computer Take Back Campaign to support EU-style legislation in the U.S.5. Going globalThe European approach is more than a minor “software patch“ on a fundamentally flawed program. By establishing corporate responsibility for products at the end of their lives, this strategy could have wide
17、-ranging effects on the information technology industry. The EU approach spreads environmental benefits globally rather than shifting pollution to developing nations.AIf we can adopt the EUs code in the U.S., we can do a bit of reverse engineering on globalization. By downloading Europe s program to
18、 the U.S., we can finally begin to clean up the “clean industry“ around the globe.BAn estimated 300 to 500 million computers will descend on landfills by 2007 in the U.S. alone. Three-quarters of all computers ever sold in this country await disposal in garages and storage facilities because their o
19、wners dont know what to do with them.CThe first European Union directive on e-waste, adopted last year, requires producers to take responsibility for the entire life cycle of their products. By 2005, companies will either have to take back products directly from consumers or fund independent collect
20、ors to do so. Waste that was generated prior to the enactment date will be the responsibility of all existing companies, in proportion to their market share. Future waste is to be the individual responsibility of each company, thereby creating an incentive to redesign products for easier and safer r
21、ecycling and disposal. No e-waste will be allowed in municipal waste streams.DE-waste accounts for 5 percent of all solid waste in America but approximately 40 percent of the lead, 70 percent of the heavy metals, and a significant portion of the organic chemical pollutants in America s dumps. This e
22、-waste can leach into the ground, as it did in the Silicon Valley. It was the widespread contamination of the valleys aquifers in the early 1980s that initially punctured the high-tech industrys clean image. Currently:there are more EPA superfund clean up sites in this valley than anywhere else in t
23、he U.S. The threat to soil, drinking water and public health will grow as e-waste surges into the waste stream worldwide.EHundreds of organizations and local governments in the U.S. have already endorsed the campaigns platform. The campaign advocates that the U.S. adopt standards for electronics man
24、ufacturers at least as stringent as those adopted by the EU: hazardous materials would be phased out, and all electronics would be designed for reuse and recycling. The campaign has sparked a legislative grounds well. In the past year alone , 20 states have introduced legislation to address e-waste.
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