1、2012 年浙江专升本（英语）真题试卷及答案与解析0 It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem o
2、f mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes(意味着)an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible(用不完的)and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advanta
3、ges in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution an
4、d , whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties.Furthermore, it is questionable whether
5、 ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost ofuranium(铀)in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the
6、market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology(生态)to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the ease against nuclear energy out
7、lined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecolog
8、ical reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.1 According to the passage, what can help solve the social problem of unemployment?（A）Developing science and technology.（B） Increasing the industrial production.（C） Increasing the demand for commercial products.（D）Providing an abundant and
9、cheap energy supply.2 Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why some people support the nuclear energy?（A）Nuclear energy cannot be used up and it is clean.（B） Nuclear energy saves money and manpower.（C） Nuclear energy is symbolic of the scientific development.（D）Nuclear energy brings peop
10、le comfort and convenience.3 Which of the following statements may the writer agree with?（A）Nuclear energy programs will undoubtedly continue expanding.（B） The demand for commercial products will surely keep growing in any case.（C） Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reaso
11、ns.（D）The increasing cost may possibly force nuclear energy to withdraw from the market.4 The writer mentions the nuclear accidents in America, Britain and Russia to show that（A）if an accident should happen, it would cost a lot of money（B） there will be no uranium to be used in the future（C） nuclear
12、 waste is a potential danger to human health（D）nuclear energy will finally destroy the human beings 5 What is thewriters attitude towards nuclear energy?（A）indifferent（B） tolerant（C） negative（D）supportive5 Lloyd Slocum was unemployed for 18 months, but like hundreds of thousands of Americans, hes wo
13、rking part time this holiday shopping season, unloading trucks and stocking shelves for a Bealls store in Port St. Lucie, Fla.“It gives you something to look forward to,“ says Slocum, 29.He plans to use cash to buy his father a Christmas present and hopes to move on to a full-time position with Beal
14、ls/Burkes stores, a Sunbelt chain.Black Friday, the official start of holiday shopping heat, also kicks off the less-celebrated season of the part-time worker. Retailers(零售商 )alone are hiring about 5000,000 seasonal employees this year, most of whom are part time, according to the National Retail Fe
15、deration. Retailers recent shift to opening on Thanksgiving or midnight on Black Friday has intensified the need for part-time workers.Holiday jobs offer financial and emotional lifeline for many of thenations jobless. They also point up a troubling reality: A near-record number of Americans are wor
16、king part time throughout the year, even though they would prefer full-time jobs. Its not just because of the sluggish economy(萧条的经济). Economists cite a broader, longer-term shift toward part-time work as employers cut expenses and more precisely match staffing with the ebbs and flows of customer de
17、mand.The number of part-timers who really want full-time positionsso-called involuntary part-time employeeshas risen from 8.4 million in January to 8.9 million last month, according to theBureau of Labor Statistics. The total has hovered at 8. 5 million to 9 million since early 2009double the pre-re
18、cession level.By contrast, the tally of unemployed Americans has stayed flat at about 13.9 million this year and is down from about 15 million in late 2009 as employers have added a modest 2 million or so jobs. The disparity underscores how the nations official 9% jobless rate doesnt fully reflect t
19、he toll inflicted by a half-speed economic recovery.6 Lloyd Slocum is one of those American who_ .（A）volunteer to unload trucks and stock shelves（B） seek only full time positions with retailers（C） prefer to be paid in cash to checks（D）offer to do part-time holiday jobs7 Theemployers offer seasonal j
20、obs for holidays mainly because_.（A）business is getting slower（B） customer demand grows（C） less-celebrated season ends（D）full-time position are filled up8 In American“Black Friday“ usually marks the beginning of_.（A）24-hour work shifts（B） Thanksgiving dinner（C） Christmas celebrations（D）a holiday sho
21、pping9 Why does thewriter say “holiday jobs offer financial and emotional lifeline“?（A）They are a steady staff supply for employers（B） They give hope and support to the jobless（C） They help cut the expenses for retailers（D）They point to a troubling reality10 The growing number of part-timers indicat
22、es that _.（A）there is a noticeable shift in attitude toward work（B） theunemployment rate has reached a record high（C） American economy is recovering unsatisfactorily（D）thenations official jobless rate is not reliable10 We covet their food, their wine and their confounding ability to stay slim while
23、consuming both.but should we be admiring the French for their parenting skills, as well?In her very buzzy new book, “ Bringing Up Bebe,“ American mom and Paris resident Pamela Druckerman makes the argument that the French have a leg up on rearing their children.“ Theres something about the way the F
24、rench parent that makes it less of a grind and more of a pleasure,“ writes Druckerman, a former Wall Street Journal reporter. She cites a 2009 study finding mothers in Ohio think caring for their children is far less pleasant than mothers in Rennes, France.What exactly do French parents do thats so
25、different from their American counterparts? A few examples:Teaching kids patience and self-control through delayed gratification: French parents teach their children to wait for what they want from an early age-for a few minutes, usually -instead of immediately giving into kids demands.“Im now convi
26、nced that the secret of why French kids rarely whine or collapse into tantrums(发脾气 )or at least do so less than American kidsis that theyve developed the internal resources to cope with frustration,“ Druckerman writes.Sleep training often begins at birth: In France, babies are expected to be sleepin
27、g through the night by the time theyre four months old. Parents dont ignore their babies cries but they do pause before responding to them.“ French parents believe its their job to gently teach babies to sleep well,“ she writes. “They dont view being up half the night with an eight-month-old as a si
28、gn of parental commitment.They dont give in to guilt over spending time away from their kids; French women, believe that “ its unhealthy for mothers and children to spend all their time together. . Childreneven babies and toddlersget to cultivate their inner lives without a mothers constant interfer
29、ence. “11 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）French people are superior to Americans（B） French food is better than French wine.（C） French people are admirable（D）French food is tasty12 The underlined words“ have a leg up“ in paragraph 2 probably means_.（A）offer help（B） gain advantag
30、e（C） act fast（D）stand up13 Druckerman cites the 2009 study in order to show that_.（A）French parents are more friendly to their children（B） American parents love their children very much（C） French parents are more skillful（D）American parents enjoy caring for children14 It can be inferred from the pas
31、sage that_.（A）American parents are more responsible（B） American parents often have to be up half the night（C） French parents often ignorebabies, cries（D）French parents feel guilty spending time away from their kids15 The writer may agree with the following statements except_.（A）French moms have more
32、 free time（B） French way of parenting is better（C） American kids are easily frustrated（D）American kids are more independent15 The U. S. Travel Association confirmed in a survey what many frustrated fliers already know:The No. 1 airport headache is passengers who pull too many carry-on bags through s
33、ecurity and onto flights.That number has skyrocketed in recent years86 million more bags were carried on in the year than during the same period two years earlier, the Transportation Security Administration estimates.The reason for the carry-on jump is no mystery: All the major domestic airlines now
34、 charge to check(托运)even one bag, generally $25. To save money and time at the baggage claim, passengers carry as much as they can on board, with predictable consequences.At security checkpoints, these millions of extra bags, many of them densely packed, mean longer lines. Once past security, the fu
35、n continues at boarding. On a typical flight, theres a fierce fight for scarce overhead bin space, extending the boarding process. Bags that are stuffed under seats make passengers even more uncomfortable.There has got to be a better way. In fact, there is. Heres what a more sensible system would lo
36、ok like:No fee for the first piece of checked luggage. It would be better if airlines simply raised fares(机票)instead of fees. Limit the carry-on size and charge for large carry-ons. Use templates(标尺)at the security checkpoints to cut off the monster bags that now often escape airline staffs notice u
37、ntil theyre right at the door of the plane. Tax the airlines income from fees the same way that fares are taxed. Currently, the fees are tax free, encouraging airlines to generate income through fees rather than fare increases.Were sympathetic to the airline industrys need to make money, but the bag
38、gage fees previously intended to offset rising fuel costshave become an interruption that slows down the security check, offloads costs onto fliers and makes the boarding process even more unpleasant than it already is.16 What makes the air travelers most frustrated at the airport?（A）The limited ove
39、rhead bin space for bags.（B） The number of bags they carry on board.（C） The long line at the baggage claim.（D）The extra fee they have to pay for carry-ons.17 What is the main cause of increasing number of carry-ons?（A）The fee for the first piece of checked baggage.（B） The tax placed on the fees on t
40、he carry-ons.（C） The bitter fight for the overhead bin space.（D）The complicated boarding process.18 What does the author mean by saying “the fun continues at boarding“?（A）Its a great pleasure traveling by air.（B） There are even more troubles at boarding.（C） Passengers often feel relieved after passi
41、ng security.（D）Passengers can relax in comfort once they are on board.19 What is a predictable advantage to tax luggage fees according to the writer?（A）To offset rising fuel costs.（B） To keep the air fares from rising.（C） To discourage airlines from profiting from fees:（D）To stop oversized bags from
42、 passing the security.20 What is thewriters attitude toward airline industry?（A）Critical（B） Sympathetic（C） Approving（D）Indifferent20 Leading scientists around the world are meeting in Britain to consider a proposal that could eventually see Greenwich Mean Time become a footnote in history. For more
43、than 120 yeas GMT has been the international standard for timekeeping, but it is now under threat from a new definition of time itself based not on the rotation of the Earth, but on atomic clocks.GMT is based on the passage of the Sun over the zero meridian line(子午线)at the Greenwich Observatory in s
44、outheast London, and became the world standard for time at a conference in Washington in 1884, France had promoted Paris Mean Time at the same conference. In 1972 it was replaced in name by Universal Coordinated Time(UTC)but that essentially remained the same as GMT, UTC is based on about 400 atomic
45、 clocks at laboratories around the world but then corrected with “ leap seconds “(闰秒)to adjust itself in line with the Earths rotational speed, which fluctuates.But the tiny difference between Earth speed and atomic speed have become a problem for GPS, the globalpositioning systems and mobile phone
46、networks on which the modern world relies.The meeting in London are looking at the possible effects of abandoning the leap seconds and moving fully to atomic time. That would see atomic time slowly move apart from GMT, by about one minute every 60 to 90 years, or by an hour every 600 years, and ther
47、e would need to be“ leap minutes “ a couple of times a century to bring the two in line. British science minister David Willetts has opposed the plan by saying: “ We should stick to real time as experienced by humans. Without leap seconds we will lose contact with the reality of Earths rotation. Eve
48、ntually our midnight would happen at noon. “In January, the International Telecommunication Union will meet in Geneva to vote on whether to adopt the new measure, despite protests from Britain.21 Leading scientists are considering replacing_.22 What will be voted on at Geneva meeting in January?23 W
49、hat is new measure of timekeeping based on?24 Leap minutes can be used to_.25 How did Britain react to the proposal?25 Food is fuel. You need it for energy. When youdont eat, you lose energy. Its that simple.【R1】_Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to get your daily recommended nutrients if you dont eat.The daily nutrients are vital to the healthy functioning of all parts of your body. And although you may not notice when your body is running well, you certainly will notice wh
