1、2014 年浙江专升本（英语）真题试卷及答案与解析0 Have you ever wondered where the first doughnut(炸面圈)was made? Who thought up the idea of a fried cake with a hole in the center?No one knows for sure who made the firstdoughnut. Some people think that doughnut probably began in the 1800s as Dutch “ olykoeks “ or “oily cake
2、s. “ In those days, a cook would not want to waste any scraps of food. Leftover pieces of bread dough(生面团)were put into hot oil and fried. Olykoeks were tasty on the outside, but soft and uncooked in the center.Some people say that the mother of a New England sea captain invented the first real doug
3、hnut. Her name was Elizabeth Gregory. She replaced the soft center with spices and nuts.But, Elizabeths son, Captain Gregory, did not like nuts. He punched out the center, and the consequence was the first hole in a doughnut.Others say the real story is that Captain Gregory had difficulty steering h
4、is ship while trying to eat doughnut. He asked the ships cook to make his doughnuts with holes so he could hang them on the steering wheel! Others think that Captain Gregory saw holed cakes in Europe and brought the idea back to America with him.During world war I, homesick American soldiers in Euro
5、pe were served doughnuts by the Salvation Army. These brave women volunteering for the job were called “ Doughnut Girls. “ They often worked in dangerous conditions near the soldiers, so the Doughnut Girls wore helmets and uniforms. The women made doughnut cutters out of a large can with a smaller c
6、an inside it to cut out the hole. They could set up a kettle of hot oil to fry the dough almost anywhere.In the 1920s, doughnut machines were invented. Doughnuts were produced faster and easier than everbefore. Still, many people preferred to make their favorite doughnuts at home.1 The passage is ma
7、inly about_.（A）the popularity of doughnuts（B） the history of doughnuts（C） the inventors of doughnuts（D）the types of doughnuts2 The first Dutch“ olykoek “ came into being probably because_.（A）people did not like to eat fried food（B） cooks did not like to waste leftover food（C） Dutchmen liked oil cake
8、s very much（D）cooks liked the soft center of cakes3 What was used to replace the uncooked center to improve doughnuts?（A）Scraps of food（B） Jelly filling（C） Spices and nuts（D）Leftover bread dough4 In paragraph 3, the word“ consequence“ probably means_.（A）action（B） damage（C） problem（D）result5 What can
9、 be inferred about the Doughnut Girls during world war I?（A）They worked aboard a ship.（B） They worked near battlefields（C） They used untested machines（D）They used helmets to cook doughnuts5 It is a blow for the Ugly Bettys and Plain Janesresearch shows that good looks lead to better pay. A study of
10、4,000 young men and women found that beauty boosted pay cheeks more than intelligence. Those judged to be the more attractive earned up to 10 percent more than their less attractive friends and colleagues. Applied to the average salary of 25,_,000 a year, the“plainness penalty(处罚)“would make a diffe
11、rence of 2,500 a yearor around 50 a week.It is unclear what is behind the phenomenon but it may be that beauty creates confidence. The self-confident may appear to be doing better than they are and will not hesitate about asking for a pay rise.Researcher Jason Fletcher, of Yale University in the U.
12、S. , rated the attractiveness of the 4,000 men and women. Just over half were judged average, while 7 percent were felt to be very attractive and 8 percent were judged unattractive or very unattractive. The volunteers also sat an IQ test and reported their salary. It became clear that pay scales wer
13、e far from fair. For instance, a 14-point increase on the IQ score was associated with a 3 to 6 percent increase in wage. But being of above-average looks increased pay by 5 to 10 percent .For a plain person to be paid the same as a very attractive one , they would have to be 40 percent brighter, th
14、e journal Economics Letters reports.Dr Fletcher said:“The results do show that peoples looks have an impact on their wages and it can be very important. “6 What is the“plainness penalty“?（A）To be paid less for being ordinarily-looking.（B） To be laughed at for being ordinarily-looking.（C） To be fired
15、 for being ordinarily-looking.（D）To be questioned for being ordinarily-looking.7 Whats the average annual salary of a good-looking person?（A） 2,500（B） 25,000（C） 22,500（D） 27,5008 Good-looking people are usually paid more probably because_.（A）they look smarter（B） they have higher degrees（C） they are
16、better at pleasing others（D）they are more confident9 How many people were rated as very attractive in Jason Fletchers study?（A）About 280（B） About4,000（C） About 2,000（D）About 32010 Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage ?（A）IQ is less important than appearance.（B） Confide
17、nce makes people prettier.（C） Good looks earn an extra penny.（D）How Plain Janes get a higher salary.10 Were you constantly bored as a child? Maybe that helped you to develop your ability to be creative.Boredom can be a good thing for children, according to Dr Teresa Belton, researcher at the Univers
18、ity of East Anglias School of Education and Lifelong Learning. After interviewing authors, artists and scientists in Britain, shes reached the conclusion that cultural expectations that children should be constantly active could block the development of their imagination.British actress and writer M
19、eera Syal grew up in a small mining village with few distractions. The researcher said:“ Lack of things to do urged her to talk to people she wouldnt otherwise have engaged with and try activities she wouldnt, under other circumstances, have experienced, such as talking to elderly neighbors and lear
20、ning to bake cakes. “Belton added: “Boredom made her write. Meera Syal kept a diary from a young age, filling it with observations, short stories, poems.The researcher didnt ignore the old saying the devil finds work for idle hands, though. Belton pointed out that young people who dont have the inte
21、rior resources to deal with boredom creatively may end up smashing up bus shelters or taking cars out for a joyride.How about watching TV and videos on the computer? The researcher believes that nothing replaces standing and staring at things and observing your surroundings.Its the sort of thing tha
22、t stimulates the imagination, she said, while the screen “ tends to short circuit that process and the development of creative capacity.Dr Belton concluded:“ For the sake of creativity, perhaps we need to slow down and stay offline from time to time.11 Dr Teresa Belton did her research by_.（A）studyi
23、ng cultural differences（B） interviewing professionals（C） keeping a diary（D）observing the surroundings12 Which of the following best describes the village where Meera Syal grew up?（A）Modern and open（B） Tiny and unexciting（C） Poor and underdevelopment（D）Remote and violent13 The expression “the devil f
24、inds work for idle hands“ probably means that people are more likely to_?（A）do what they should not do if they meet devils.（B） achieve nothing if they work with devils（C） do more work if they didnt work hard when they were young.（D）get involved in trouble if they have nothing to do with their time.1
25、4 What is Dr Beltons advice for youngsters ?（A）Observe the world around them.（B） Get information online from time to time.（C） Remain constantly active.（D）Read as many books as possible.15 Which of the following is the best title for the passage?（A）Deal with boredom wisely.（B） Learn from a young age.
26、（C） Enjoy village life.（D）Forget old sayings.15 During her junior year of high school, Candice Backuss teacher handed her a sheet and instructed the 17-year-old to map out her future financial life. Backus pretended to buy a car, rent an apartment, and apply for a credit card. Then, she and her clas
27、smates played the “stock market game, “ investing the hypothetical(假设的)earnings from their hypothetical jobs in the market in the fateful fall of 2008. “Our pretend investments crashed , “Backus says, still horrified. “ We felt what actual shareholders were feeling. “That pain of earning and losing
28、money is a feeling that public school increasingly want to teach. Forty states now offer some types of financial instruction at the elementary or high-school level, including lessons in balancing checkbooks(支票本)and buying stock in math and social-studies classes. The interest in personal-finance cla
29、sses has risen since 2007 when bank failures became a regular occurrence.Rather than teach investment strategies, these courses offer a basic approach to handling money: Dont spent what you dont have. Put part of your monthly salary into a saving account, and invest in the stock market for the long-
30、term rather than short-term gains. For Backus, this means dividing her earnings from her part-time job at a fast-food restaurant into separate envelopes for paying bills, spending, and saving. “ Money is so hard to make but so easy to spend, “she says one weekday after school.After Backus finished h
31、er financial classes, she opened up a savings account at her local bank and started to think more about how she and her family would pay for college. “She just has a better understanding of money and how it affects the world ,“ says her mother, Darleen. All of this talk of money can make Backus worr
32、y, she says, but luckily, she feels prepared to face it.16 The purpose of the high school classs “stock market game“ is to_.（A）introduce a new course（B） encourage personal savings（C） learn about investment（D）teach credit card hazards17 Student interest in taking classes on finance has increased beca
33、use of_.（A）the state of the economy（B） the need for employment（C） the rate of graduation（D）the desire to purchase cars18 According to the passage, taking money management courses will help to_.（A）get accepted by colleges（B） become very wealthy（C） take more vacations（D）prevent from going into debt19
34、After Candice Backus completed the class about money, she_.（A）is debt free（B） manages the family income（C） will graduate early（D）feels more competent20 The authors attitude toward financial classes in public school is_.（A）positive（B） critical（C） objective（D）worried20 How would you feel if the letter
35、 you penned carefully and posted to your favorite star ended up in therecycling bin? Thats where unopened fan mail sent to singer Taylor Swift was found.Swifts management said it was an accident, but dealing with piles of letters is a burden for most public figures. According to the BBC reporter Jon
36、 Kelly, at the height of his fame, Johnny Depp was said to receive up to 10,000 letters a week.Some celebrities dont want letters. In 2008, Beatles drummer Ringo Starr announced openly that he would throw them out because he was too busy. Others do attempt to get through it themselves. Robert Pattin
37、son, star of the Twilight films, claims that he reads“ tones and tones“ of letters from fans.Many artists, however, outsource(外包)the tasks of opening, reading and replying. Sylvia Taylor, 58, has run a service in California that does just that since 1987. She and her staff deal with up to 20,000 ite
38、ms of mail a month on behalf of 26 celebrities.Most letters are simply declarations of affection and admiration, she says. A few ask for money. A small number contain threats which require her to contact the celebritys security team and thepolice.The biggest problem for Taylor is working out how to
39、deal with the correspondence. Presents such as soft toys are sent to local hospitals, and the letters: most of them just get recycled.Typically, correspondence is acknowledged by a photo with a printed “ autograph(亲笔签名)“. For some, this is enough, according to Lynn Zubernis, an expert at West Cheste
40、r University. She says that the relationship between fans and celebrity may exist only in the mind of the former but it comes from a deeply-rooted human need for community.21 Where were the unopened letters to singer Taylor Swift found?22 Who told fans not to send any letters?23 What will Sylvia Tay
41、lor do if fans are threatening her celebrity clients?24 Which word in the passage is the closest in meaning to “public figure“?25 What do fans usually get in return if they write letters to celebrities?25 Now put on sunscreen(防晒霜)Some sunscreens prevent sunburn but not other types of skin damage. Ma
42、ke sure yours offers a broad range of protection.【R1 】_Anything higher than SPF 50+ can tempt you to stay in the sun too long. Even if you dont burn, your skin may be damaged. Stick to SPFs between 15 and 50+. Pick a product based on your own skin color, time outside, shade and cloud cover.News abou
43、t vitamin A. Eating vitamin Arich vegetables is good for you, but spreading vitamin A on your skin may not be. Government data shows that cancers develop sooner on skin coated with creams with vitamin A.【R2】_.Pick a good sunscreen. EWGs sunscreen database rates the safety and effect of about 1, 400
44、SPF-rated products, including about 750 sunscreens for beaches and sports use. We give high ratings to brands that provide broad-range, long-lasting protection with ingredients that pose fewer health concerns when absorbed by the body.【R3 】_Cream, because sprays cloud the air with tiny particles tha
45、t may not be safe to breathe. Reapply cream often. Sunscreen chemicals sometimes degrade in the sun, wash off or rub off on towels and clothing.【R4 】_The FAD treats powdered sunscreens as unapproved new drugs and may take enforcement action against companies that sell them-except for small businesse
46、s, which can sell powders until December 2013.【R5 】_Wear sunscreen. In 2009, nearly twice as many American men died from skin cancers as women. Surveys show that 34 percent of men wear sunscreens, compared to 78 percent of women.Got your vitamin D? Many people dont get enough vitamin D, a hormone ma
47、nufactured by the skin in the presence of sunlight. Your doctor can test your level and recommend supplements if you are low in this vital nutrient.A. No powder!B. Avoid midday sun.C. Message for men;D. Cream or spray?E. Dont fall for high SPF labels.F. Take special precautions with infants and chil
48、dren.G. Avoid any sun product whose label says vitamin A.26 【R1 】27 【R2 】28 【R3 】29 【R4 】30 【R5 】30 A survey of English schoolchildren shows boys and girls are worrying about the way they look. The【R6 】_found that over half of male schoolchildren lacked confidence because of their body【R7 】_The figu
49、re for girls was slightly【R8 】 _, at 59 percent. Researchers questioned 693 teachers about how their students【R9 】_about their bodies. All the children had taken lessons on body image and self-esteem. Teachers said many children were very【R10】_if others said bad things about their appearances. Around 55 percent of teachers reported that girls were extremely sensitive to comment【R11】_their looks; the figure for boys being easil
